Read Me. We are the Learning Lab. to look

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1 Respiratory Tract Anatomy Lab In-Lab Exercises Read Me We are going to look at models and slides. Much of this can be done in the Learning Lab on your own time. The steps do not have to be done in order, although you will want to look at Step before looking at the sagittal head models. Your wordlist is very repetitive. We will bee looking at the same structures on several models.

2 Step. Study the sagittal head models # First we need to look at some structures. ead Me Recall the paranasal sinuses from A&P. - Name the paranasal sinuses shown on the image. - Compare them to the image of the skull. Now let s look at the palate, and some landmarks in the oral cavity The hard palate can be distinguished from the soft palate by noticing the arch that is present at the back of the palatine bones. - When looking in someone s mouth, we see the palatine tonsils flanking the uvula, which is hanging down in the oropharynx. The pharyngeal tonsils cannot be seen, as they are above the palate in the nasopharynx x. The lingual tonsil cannot usually be seen without a tongue depressor. 4 3

3 # Inspect one of the sagittal head models. Find or indicate where the following structures would be. Theree are several sagittal head models, or feel free to use the image below. Nares (external & internal) Nasal cavity Inferior nasal conchae Middle nasal conchae Superior nasal conchae Eustachian (auditory) tube opening Oral cavity Soft palate Hard palate Uvula Tongue Lingual tonsil (Bigger than you think! Palatine tonsil Pharyngeal tonsil Frontal sinus Sphenoid sinus (as long as we are here, take a look at the sella turcica and pituitary gland) Ethmoid sinus (if not visible, where would it be?) Maxillary sinus (if not visible, where would it be?) Pharynx Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx Oropharynx Larynx Thyroid gland Vocal and Vestibular folds (see inset image) Trachea & tracheal cartilages where would they be? Esophagus

4 Step 3. Compare two models: Sagittal section of head and Torso Model. Notice that the sagittal section is giving you a medial view, while the torso is givingg you a lateral view. Read Me # Compare thesee structures on both models, or indicate where they would be (many are not visible on the torso model, depending on whichh torso model is in the room): Nares (external & internal) Nasal cavity Inferior nasal conchae Middle nasal conchae Superior nasal conchae Eustachian (auditory) tube opening Oral cavity Soft palate Hard palate Uvula Tongue Lingual tonsil Palatine tonsil Pharyngeal tonsil Frontal sinus Sphenoid sinus (as long as we are here, take a look at the sella turcica and pituitary gland) Ethmoid sinus (if not visible, where would it be?) Maxillary sinus (if not visible, where would it be?) Pharynx Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx Oropharynx Larynx Thyroid gland Vestibular folds Vocal folds Trachea & tracheal cartilages Esophagus

5 Step 4. Find thesee structures on one of the larynx models Read Me # There are several larynx models, study them all before the exam. While you are here, look at the label image and notice the ligaments and muscles. They are good landmarks! Also notice that the larynx models are usually functioning in that you can open and close the glottis. Thyroid gland (if present) Arytenoid cartilages Corniculate cartilages Vocal folds (if present) Trachea Tracheal cartilages

6 Step 5. Find a lung model. It may be slightly differentt than the one pictured here. Notice thatt it comes apart. Read Me # Either find these structures, or indicate where theyy would be: Apex Base Diaphragm Costal surface Mediastinal surface Cardiac notch Horizontal fissure Oblique fissures right & left Bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary) Pulmonary arteries and veins. ID all 5 lobes of the lung. Know right from left! ID all Fissures of the lung obliques and the horizontal Thyroid gland Arytenoid cartilages Corniculate cartilages Vestibular folds Vocal folds Trachea Tracheal cartilages Esophagus (especially below the diaphragm)

7 Step 6. Find a tracheal tree model. m It may be slightly different than the one pictured here. Notice that it comes apart. First, look at the image below and get a good idea of vocal versus vestibular folds. Either find would be: these structures, or indicate where they Trachea Tracheal cartilages Thyroid gland Arytenoid cartilages Corniculate cartilages Vestibular folds Vocal folds Bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary)

8 Step 7. Find the model pictured. You skip this for now if you ve already looked at enough sagittal head models. Notice the larynx comes apart (on some versionss of this model). Either find these structures, or indicate where they would be: Nares (external & internal) Nasal cavity Inferior nasal conchae Middle nasal conchae Superior nasal conchae Eustachian (auditory) tube opening Oral cavity Soft palate Hard palate Uvula Tongue Lingual tonsil Palatine tonsil Pharyngeal tonsil Frontal sinus Sphenoid sinus (as long as we are here, take a look at the sella turcica) Ethmoid sinus (if not visible, where would it be?) Maxillary sinus (if not visible, where would it be?) Pharynx Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx Oropharynx Larynx Thyroid gland Vestibular folds (look down into larynx) Vocal folds Trachea & tracheal cartilages Esophagus

9 Step 8. Examine the Big Nose model (BNM). We are going to play a little game I like to call Right in front of your nose! First, compare the BNM to the sagittal head model. Locate the approximate region illustrated by the BNM on the sagittal head, as I did in the image. TRICK: locate the incisor on both! ID the frontal sinus on the left side of the BNM. Now, find it on the right side. ID the hard palate on the left side of the BNM. Do you see the suture between the maxilla and the palatine bone? See the small insert image for a reminder of how it looked in A&P. 3 ID the septum on the right side of the BNM. Remove the septum. Take a look at the septum s back side (pink side). What is the difference between the left side and the right side of the big nose model? What does pink represent? 4 5 What is the model maker trying to show you with blue on the septum? Can you identify three sutures on the septum? Do you remember which bones are making up the septum? Can you identify the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone? The vomer? 5 Septum Left side 3 4 Right side Continued on next page

10 Look at the left side of the big nose model. OK, now ID the ethmoid bone on the left side 6 of the BNM. See how it is making up the floor of the cranium? What is that small bump going up into the cranial cavity? HINT: we studied it in A&P Where are the nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone? How about the meatuses? Ok, now a hard one.wheree is the ethmoid sinus? Do you see that the ethmoid comes apart on the left side? Can you ID the sella turcica on the left side, in the cranial cavity? Now,, ID the sphenoid sinus just below it. 9 Now, ID the soft palate and uvula on the right side of the model. 0 Notice thatt the ethmoid comes apart on the right side of thee BNM, also. it. ID the cribriform plate and the olfactory bulb. Remove Septum Left side Right side DONE!

11 Step 9. SLIDES - LUNG & TRACHEA: Trachea: Mucosa, submucosa, hyaline ring, adventitia Goblet cells Hyaline cartilage Pseudostratified columnar Brush border, cilia Seromucosal glands zoom zoom Lung slide: Alveoli, alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts Respiratory membrane