PRACTICAL ROADMAP. MUSCLE WJ van der Spuy
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1 PRACTICAL ROADMAP MUSCLE WJ van der Spuy
2 MUSCLE Skeletal (striated) Cardiac (striated) Smooth Identification based on Fiber size, shape and presence/absence of branching Number, shape and position of nuclei Presence or absence of cross-striations
3 MUSCLE Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Cell Elongated Branching Spindle-shaped Nucleus Multiple peripheral Single or binucleated central Single central Striations Cross-striated Cross-striated & Intercalated disks None Motor Control Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
4 SKELETAL MUSCLE Slide 76 Striated Skeletal Muscle Tongue Iron haematoxylin stain
5 Organisation Endomysium - surrounding muscle fibre Muscle fibre Epimysium - surrounding muscle Perimysium - surrounding fascicle Fascicle 100µm Scanning Electron Micrograph WJ van der Spuy MSc
6 Fibre Orientation Longitudinal section Transverse section
7 Identification Fibroblast nuclei in connective tissue sheath Cross-striations Multiple peripheral nuclei Muscle fibre Muscle fibre
8 Striations I band (light striation) bisected by dark Z line A band (dark striation) bisected by light H band
9 SKELETAL MUSCLE Slide 50 Musculo-tendinous junction H&E stain
10 Musculo-tendinous Junction Dense regular connective tissue Skeletal Muscle Musculo-tendinous junction with fibres inserting obliquely into tendon
11 SKELETAL MUSCLE Slide 4 Neuromuscular (myoneural) junction Snake H&E and gold impregnation staining
12 Neuromuscular Junction Axon Boutons (neuromuscular junction) Motor Nerve (neuromuscular bundle in longitudinal section) Striated skeletal muscle fibres Neuromuscular bundle (transverse section) Micrograph WJ van der Spuy MSc Stain: Toluidine blue ph=11.5 Blood vessel
13 Neuromuscular Junction Motor nerve Axon boutons
14 Muscular Dystrophy Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) Increased rate of regeneration in response to ongoing degeneration of muscle Characterised by: Variation in fiber size Necrosis of muscle tissue Revascularisation Inflammatory cell infiltration Phagocytosis of necrotic debris Proliferation of mononuclear muscle precursors Fusion of precursors to form myotubes
15 LGMD2B CN: Central nucleus Regenerating fibre PI CN FL FS: Fibre splitting Early hyperplasia FL: Fibre lobulation Late hyperplasia PN LI: Leukocyte infiltration Inflammation NF: Necrotic fibre Degenerating fibre FS PI: Postnecrotic infiltrate Clearing debris after degeneration LI Micrograph WJ van der Spuy MSc Stain: Toluidine blue ph=11.5 SC NF 10µm SC: Satellite cell Mononuclear muscle precursor regenerative ability PN: Peripheral nucleus Mature fibre
16 CARDIAC MUSCLE Slide 57 Heart (interventricular septum) Iron haematoxylin stain
17 Fibre Orientation Longitudinal section Transverse section
18 Identification Cross-striations Fibre branching Intercalated discs Central nuclei
19 Interventricular Septum Capillaries with black stained RBCs Purkinje fibres Myocardium with ordinary cardiac muscle fibres Endocardium Lumen of left ventricle
20 Purkinje Fibres Pale-staining fibres Nucleus Large glycogen space around nuclei
21 Ordinary Cardiac Muscle Fibres Dark-staining fibres Nucleus Smaller glycogen spaces around nuclei
22 CARDIAC MUSCLE Slide 86 Heart H&E and elastic stain
23 Interventricular Septum Myocardium with ordinary cardiac muscle fibres Purkinje fibres Endocardium
24 Interventricular Septum Myocardium with ordinary cardiac muscle fibres Purkinje fibres Nucleus Nucleus Large glycogen space around nucleus Small glycogen space around nucleus
25 SMOOTH MUSCLE Slide 10 Smooth muscle Uterus (baboon) H&E stain
26 Overview Endometrium Myometrium with smooth muscle
27 Fibre Orientation Longitudinal section Transverse section
28 Identification Cigar-shaped nucleus centrally located in spindle shaped fibre Longitudinal section Transverse section
29 Smooth Muscle vs. Connective Tissue Blood vessel with smooth muscle wall Irregular dense connective tissue Myometrium with smooth muscle
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