EM: myelin sheath shows a series of concentrically arranged lamellae
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1 EM: myelin sheath shows a series of concentrically arranged lamellae
2 ---- how to form myelin sheath? Schwann cell invagination and envelop the axon form mesaxon mesaxon become longer and longer winding around the axon form myelin sheath.)
3 ----Function conduct nerve impulses faster Enhancing the speed of conduction along them via salutatory conduction, i.e., impulses jumping from node to node, because myelin sheath serves as an insulator. The thicker axon has the thicker myelin sheath and longer internode, and in turn has greater conduction velocity.
4 Myelinated nerve fiber in CNS
5 ---structure similar to in PNS myelin-sheath is formed by flattened ending of oligodendrocyte s processes one oligodendrocyte can envelop many axons axon oligodendrocyte myelin-sheath
6 unmyelinated nerve fiber in PNS no myelin-sheath no Ranvier node unmyelinated nerve fiber in CNS nothing to envelop the axon---naked axon
7 Nerves(by self-study ) is the organ made up of nerve fibers and connective tissue most nerves are mixed i.e., contain both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) nerve fibers, and both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers.
8 LM: Nerves epineurium perineurium endoneurium En E: epineurium a DCT encloses the entire nerve. P: perineurium CT + a continuous sheet of flattened epithelium-like cells surrounding each nerve bundles. En:endoneurium envelops each nerve fiber. It is a very thin layer of LCT.
9 6. Nerve endings (1) Definition (2) Classification (3) Sensory nerve ending (4) Motor nerve ending
10 (1) Definition: The end of peripheral nerve fibers is known as the nerve endings
11 (2)classification sensory nerve ending motor nerve ending 1.free nerve ending 2.tactile corpuscle 3.lamellar corpuscle 4.muscle spindle 1.motor end plate 2.visceral motor nerve ending
12 (3)Sensory nerve ending
13 1 Free nerve ending ---structure NF lose myelin-sheath branch ---distribution epidermis, cornea, oral cavity.. ---function feel cold, hot, pain and slight touch
14 2 Tactile corpuscle ---structure CT capsule oval--shaped flattened cell-transverse arranged NF lost myelin sheath spiral flattened cells ---distribution dermal papillae, especially in tips of finger, palms and lips ---function touch receptors
15 3 lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian) ---structure CT capsule round or oval--shaped composed of concentric lamellae of flattened cells and internal cylinder with the naked axon inserted in it ---distribution in subcutaneous tissue, mesentery ---function feel deep or heavy pressure
16 4 Muscular spindle ---structure enclosed by CT capsule, fusiform-shaped intrafusal muscle fibers (thin, striated, nuclei arranged in chain or cluster). nerve fibers endings around the intrafusal fibers. ---distribution skeletal muscle ---function stretch receptors
17 (4)Motor nerve ending
18 1 somatic motor nerve ending (motor end plate) (neuromuscular junction) ---distribution: skeletal muscle motor unit: axon of one neuron and all skeletal muscle fiber controlled by it
19 ---structure LM: nerve fibers ramify with each terminal dilating as a plate-like mass and touching a muscle fiber LM: motor end plate
20 EM: chemical synapse Presynaptic element -- presynaptic membrane -- synapse vesicle( achtylcholine) -- mitochondria Synaptic cleft Postsynaptic element -- postsynaptic membrane junctional folds -- receptors
21 2 Visceral motor nerve ending ---structure LM:NF are thin, no myelin sheath form varicosity like beads EM:chemical synapse ---distribution smooth M, cardiac M and gland
22 Review nerve ending sensory nerve ending motor nerve ending free nerve ending tactile corpuscle lamellar corpuscle muscle spindle motor end plate visceral motor nerve ending
23 Key points Origin of connective tissues. Classification of connective tissues. Loose connective tissue: the cells( fibroblast, macrophage, mast cell and plasma cell), fibers ( collagenous fiber, elastic fiber, and reticular fiber) and ground substance (molecular sieve and tissue fluid) of Dense connective tissue. Adipose tissue. Reticular tissue
24 Homework 1.What are the nervous tissues consisted of? 2.What are the structure and function of nervous cell body? 3.What are the structure of the chemical synapse under electron microscope? 4.Describe the type and function of glial cells? 5.Describe the type and function of sensory nerve endings?
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