Winter semester: Bones, joints, muscles, vessels, nerves and topography of the extremities. Muscles and selected topographic spaces of the trunk.

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1 Published on Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University ( Dissection Training Dissection training is time-honoured right of passage for all medical students. It remains the most popular and most effective method of learning anatomy. During lectures and practical classes, students are mainly taught systemic anatomy, a discipline which describes organs, their structure and development. Topographic anatomy is taught during the dissection training. Topographic anatomy is essential for a deeper understanding of the structure of the human body as it describes regions and divisions of the body and spatial relationships between organs and other anatomical structures. Dissection course is taught using human cadavers, which have been donated to the Department of Anatomy. Dissection course occurs as two one week-long blocks, occurring at the end of each semester. Syllabus Winter semester: Bones, joints, muscles, vessels, nerves and topography of the extremities. Muscles and selected topographic spaces of the trunk. Summer semester: Topography of the head and neck, description of the internal organs and topography of the body cavities. Repetition of winter semester topics. Organisation Each dissection courses lasts for five consecutive days, with each day from till (from 2 p.m. till 6 p.m.) in the afternoon of each day. The first day begins with a short lecture introducing the selected topographic spaces and structures. No absence is allowed. Exceptionally, absence is only allowed for very serious reasons after agreement with the course teacher. Practical classes are cancelled during the dissection course. Education during the dissection course is led by the employees of the Department of Anatomy together with student lecturers and demonstrators. Students in each double-group are divided into three smaller

2 groups, to allow more efficient and intensive learning. Schedule First to third day: Small student groups (A C) alternate between three stations: learning, repetition and dissection. Each day each group spends time on all stations. The schedule for rotation between stations and the topics to be covered are announced at the beginning of the dissection course. Fourth day: Remaining undissected structures are dissected. Fifth day: Oral examination. Required equipment When in the dissection room, each student is required to have a white coat, gloves and a change of shoes (or disposable shoe covers). Outdoor footwear is strictly forbidden. Furthermore, each student must have a pair of anatomical tweezers, one dissecting scissors and a scalpel. Scalpels can either have permanently attached blades or removable and replaceable blades. We recommend scalpel blades no. 23 and 21 for handle size 4. Anatomical instruments can be bought in pharmacies, medical supply shops or from Medikbrand, an organisation run by students of the First Faculty of Medicine. Classroom and dissection room rules The list of rules for the classrooms and dissection rooms can be found here: Classroom and dissection room rules.

3 Oral examination of the winter dissection course Each student will receive one topic from topography, for which he/she will be allowed some time to prepare. The examiner will then ask the student to show and recognise various structures and spaces on the cadavers or other anatomical specimen. The examiner can ask about all structures on the extremities. The means all bones, joints, muscles, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, nerves (including their spinal segments) and topographical regions and spaces. Students are also required to know all muscles and selected topographical regions of the trunk. For the deep back muscles, it is required to know functions and their names, the different systems and innervation. It is not required to know their precise origins and insertions. However, it is required to know the precise origins and insertions of the deep neck muscles. The exam may also include clinical questions pertaining to examined structures or topographical regions. Each exam lasts about 5 15 minutes. Each student is required to wear a white coat, gloves and a change of shoes (or shoe covers) and bring their own anatomical tweezers to the exam.

4 Exam dates and retakes Similarly, to the tests that take place throughout the semesters, students have three attempts at the dissection exam. The first attempt takes place on the last day of the dissection course. If a student fails to pass this exam, they are allowed to two more attempts. Re-takes are held during the winter/summer semester or during the examination periods. Dates for re-takes are posted on website and the study information system (SIS). Cloakrooms Cloakrooms are available for students to store their belongings while working in the dissection rooms. Only anatomical instruments, textbooks, notepads and pens are allowed to be taken into the dissection rooms. We recommend that all students mark the textbooks they take into the dissection room with their name, group number and faculty. Evaluation At the end of the dissection course all students are required to fill out a short electronic form to help evaluate the course and the quality of the lecturers and demonstrators. The results of the evaluation help us to improve the education for the following years and select the best lecturers. List of topographic questions Winter semester (Topography of extremities) Upper extremity 1. Axilla 2. Foramen humerotricipitale et omotricipitale 3. Regio brachialis topography of arm 4. Fossa cubiti 5. Regio antebrachialis topography of forearm

5 6. Regio carpalis, canalis carpi 7. Regio manus, Spatium palmare medium X 8. The course of the nerves and vessels of the upper extremity X Lower extremity 9. Lacuna vasorum et musculorum, hernia femoralis 10. Trigonum femorale a fossa iliopectinea 11. Foramen ischiadicum majus et minus X 12. Regio femoralis topography of thigh 13. Fossa poplitea X 14. Regio cruris topography of leg X 15. Spatium retromalleolare laterale et mediale X 16. Structures in front of the medial malleolus, dorsum pedis 17. Planta pedis X 18. The course of the nerves and vessels of the lower extremity X Others 19. Abdominal wall, composition 20. Vagina mm. rectorum, hernias 21. Canalis inguinalis, hernias 22. Thoracic wall and intercostal space 23. Openings of the diaphragm 24. Superior and inferior lumbar triangles X X available after turning the body to the abdomen Summer semester (Topography of the body) Head

6 1. Basis cranii interna 2. Orbita 3. Regio facialis 4. Fossa pterygopalatina 5. Fossa infratemporalis Neck 6. Trigonum cervicale anterius 7. Trigonum cervicale laterale 8. Trigonum caroticum 9. Trigonum submandibulare 10. Fissura scalenorum 11. Layers and spaces of the neck Thorax 12. Mediastinum 13. Topographic relations of the oesophagus, trachea and aorta 14. Thoracic wall of the thorax 15. Diaphragm Abdomen and pelvis 16. Cavitas peritonealis 17. Definition of intra-, retro- and secondary retroperitoneal organs 18. Bursa omentalis 19. Mesenteries, omenta and recesses of peritoneal cavity 20. Right and left paracolic spaces 21. Biliary ducts, trigonum cystohepaticum 22. Course of ureter and ductus deferens

7 23. Retroperitoneum 24. Abdominal regions, projection of the organs to the anterior abdominal wall 25. Topography of the male and female pelvis Please keep in mind When testing for summer dissection credit examiner may also ask: structures and topography of shoulder and pelvic girdles; parts of organs and their syntopy; blood and nerve supply of organs; muscles except for muscles of the forearm, hand, leg and foot. Published: / Last update: / Responsible person: MUDr. Radovan Hudák Source URL (retrieved on :37):