c. Reaction will drive Reaction in a reaction. d. Which statement (A or B) has more energy in products than reactants?

Transcription

1 Energy and Enzymes (32 questions) 1. Chemical reactions involve a. Formation of chemical bonds b. Breakage of chemical bonds c. Both formation and breakage of chemical bonds d. Neither formation and breakage of chemical bonds 2. Energy is best defined as the a. Capacity to be located in a certain place b. Force needed to move many objects c. Capacity to perform work d. Use of atomic particles 3. True or false: reactants are converted to products 4. Fill in the blanks. a. reactions release energy. b. reactions require energy. c. Reaction will drive Reaction in a reaction. d. Which statement (A or B) has more energy in products than reactants? e. Which statement (A or B) can be demonstrated by burning glucose? f. Which statement (A or B) has more energy in reactants than products? g. Which statement (A or B) is often described as an uphill reaction? h. Which statement (A or B) can be demonstrated by photosynthesis? i. Which statement (A or B) can be demonstrated by protein synthesis? 5. Can food energy be directly used to power energy-requiring reactions? a. Yes b. No 6. What does ATP stand for? a. Adenine triphosphate b. Adenine triphosphatase c. Adenosine triphosphate d. Adenosine triphosphatase

2 7. In an ATP molecule, where is energy stored? a. Within the adenine molecule b. Within the ribose sugar c. Within the phosphate bonds d. None of the above 8. Two common electron carriers are and (short-form is fine). 9. Metabolism is defined as: a. The ability to break down fats b. The ability to break down all organic molecules c. The ability to synthesize all molecules d. All chemical reactions 10. The hypothetical baby Cindy was born with no enzymes. What would happen? a. None of her body s reactions would proceed b. The reactions in her body would proceed, but at an extremely slow pace c. Nothing would happen; she would be normal d. She would be hyper-energetic and need to eat much more than the average person 11. The breakdown of sugar has a activation energy, and therefore moves at body temperature. a. Low; quickly b. High; quickly c. Low; slowly d. High; slowly 12. Trypsinogen is the precursor to an enzyme called trypsin, and it exists in the small intestine. Trypsin is responsible for breaking down proteins. After a large, protein-heavy meal, what is the concentration of trypsin? a. No change; same as before the meal b. Greater than before the meal c. Less than before the meal d. There would be no trypsin remaining 13. How do enzymes speed up reactions? a. Increase activation energy b. Decrease activation energy c. Increase temperature d. Decrease temperature 14. The enzyme amylase, secreted by salivary glands, is responsible for breaking down polysaccharides (eg. starch) into disaccharides (eg. maltose). It digests carbohydrates. What will happen in Alisha s mouth if she eats deep-fried butter (lipids/fat) at a carnival? a. Amylase does not do anything b. Amylase will digest the lipids into disaccharides c. Amylase will digest the lipids into simple sugars, or monosaccharides, such as glucose d. Amylase will convert the lipids to polysaccharides

3 15. Coenzymes are while cofactors are. a. Minerals, vitamins b. Vitamins, minerals c. Molecules, atoms d. Atoms, molecules 16. The chemical activity of an enzyme occurs at the. a. Holoenzyme b. Allosteric site c. Active site d. Substrate zone 17. Rearrange the following steps. a. Specific orientation reaction bind b. Specific orientation bind reaction c. Bind reaction specific orientation d. Reaction bind specific orientation 18. Phosphofructokinase is responsible for one step during glycolysis. What is its likelihood of performing another role during glycolysis? a. Very likely b. Not likely 19. True or false: enzymes are always turned on and ready to go. 20. Occasionally, molecules attach to enzymes to increase/decrease enzyme activity. This process is: a. Catalyzation b. Substrate stimulation c. Allosteric regulation d. Active site regulation 21. True or false: allosteric sites are the same as active sites. 22. How does poison inhibit enzymes? a. Noncompetitive inhibition b. Competitive inhibition c. Substrate competition d. Active site competition 23. Explain the process chosen in Question 22. a. Poison binds to allosteric site and changes shape of active site. b. Poison binds to active site and changes shape of allosteric site. c. Poison binds to active site and prevents substrate entry. d. Poison binds to substrate to deform it, preventing it from fitting into active site.

4 24. Enzymes are sensitive to: a. Salts b. Temperature c. ph d. All of the above 25. Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) makes the stomach extremely acidic. What would happen if pepsin was moved to the esophagus? a. Pepsin would digest proteins in the esophagus at a faster rate b. Pepsin would immediately denature and lose its function c. Pepsin would digest proteins in the esophagus at a similar rate d. None of the above 26. Which is an example of enzyme denaturation? a. Boiling water with salt inside b. Cooking an egg c. Cutting a chicken breast d. Flattening a piece of ham 27. Laundry detergent contains enzymes. Consider what you know about heat, ph, and the fact that enzymes don t get used up in a reaction. Which would you use- cold, warm or hot water? Why? 28. Compound X increases the rate of the reaction below. a. an enzyme b. a lipid molecule c. an indicator d. an ADP molecule Compound X is most likely:

5 29. What is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? a. 15 degrees C b. 24 degrees C c. 38 degrees C d. 50 degrees C 30. Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way? a. Enzymes are complex compounds composed of starch. b. Each enzyme has a characteristic shape. c. Enzymes are long, complex fats. d. Each enzyme is made up of four subunits. 31. A colony of bacteria growing on a culture medium is successfully synthesizing an organic compound. Which procedure would be least likely to have an effect on this synthesis? a. adding more subunits of the organic compound to the medium b. lowering the ph of the medium c. raising the temperature of the colony from 20 C to 30 C d. increasing the number of hormone molecules in the colony 32. Plants such as the Venus flytrap produce chemical compounds that break down insects into substances that are usable by the plant. The chemical compounds that break down the insects are most likely a. Fats b. Minerals c. biological catalysts d. complex carbohydrates