October 13, Biochemistry.notebook. Nov 10 12:03 AM. Nov 22 9:45 AM. Nov 22 8:57 AM. Nov 22 8:34 AM. Aim: What are the molecules of life?
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1 Aim: What are the molecules of life? LE1 & 3 11/22/10 LE3 11/22 Class Notes Do Now: List the elements & compounds cycled through ecosystems. Homework: Read pp P. 63 # 1,2,3,4,5 Vocabulary: Carbohydrate, lipid, protein, amino acid, nucleic acid, nucleotide, DNA, RNA, ATP. Valence electrons, Covalent bonds, molecules, monosaccharide, polysaccharide, Take Home Test: You will receive it later today 11/22 or 11/23. It will be due Monday 11/29 Nov 10 12:03 AM Nov 22 9:45 AM LE1 11/22 Class Notes LE1 11/22 Class Notes Nov 22 8:34 AM Nov 22 8:57 AM 1
2 10/4/11 LE1 LE8 Aim: What are the molecules that make up living organisms? Do Now: Locate Oxygen, carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, and water on the Periodic Table Matter Review Atom the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means All matter is made of atoms Atomic Structure A nucleus composed of Protons & Neutrons surrounded by "cloud of electrons" Element a substance made of atoms with the same # of protons Chemical Bonds form between groups of atoms because most atoms become stable when they have eight electrons in their outer shell Homework: Study for test Thursday Read pp Copy & answer p. 54 #1 3 Nov 23 8:14 AM Oct 4 11:29 AM Oct 4 9:59 AM Oct 4 10:25 AM 2
3 TP: To learn the carbon based molecules of life Do Now: What are 4 of the esential elements necessary for life TP: To learn the carbon based molecules of life Do Now: What are 4 of the eseential elements necessary for life LE8 10/7/11 Homework Read pp Vocabulary: carbohydrate, lipid, protein, amino acid, nucleic acid,nucleotide, DNA, RNA, ATP, glucos, monosaccharide, chitin, cellulose P.63 #1,2 Homework Read pp Vocabulary: carbohydrate, lipid, protein, amino acid, nucleic acid,nucleotide, DNA, RNA, ATP, glucos, monosaccharide chitin, cellulose P.63 #1,2 Oct 7 9:37 AM Oct 7 9:37 AM TP: To learn the carbon based molecules of life Do Now: What are 4 of the eseential elements necessary for life LE3 10/7/11 10/7/2011 LE3 LE8 Homework Read pp Vocabulary: carbohydrate, lipid, protein, amino acid, nucleic acid,nucleotide, DNA, RNA, ATP, glucos, monosaccharide chitin, cellulose P.63 #1,2 Oct 7 9:37 AM Oct 7 10:11 AM 3
4 LE3 10/7/11 LE3 10/7/11 Nov 10 12:40 AM Oct 7 10:23 AM Aim: What are the molecules of life (cont.): Proteins & Nucleic Acids Do Now: What are the building blocks of carbohydrates? What is the role of lipids in our bodies? 11/16/09 Homework Use pp P. 63 # 6, 7; p Vocabulary: protein, enzyme, catalyze, substrate, activation energy, reactant, product TP: What are the building blocks of Organic molecules DO Now: Copy Chart Below Grades are available online! Complex Organic Molecules and their Building Blocks Building Block Macromolecule/ Examples Complex Molecule Simple Sugars Carbohydrates Carb= starches, breads, pasta, fruit Amino Acids Proteins Meat Fatty Acids Lipids & oils Vitamin A Nucleotides Nucleic Acids DNA, RNA, ATP 10/11/11 LE# LE8 Homework: Recopy this chart into your vocab section Vocab: combustion, oxidation, macromolecule Nov 12 8:39 AM Oct 11 9:40 AM 4
5 TP: What are the building blocks of Organic molecules DO Now: Copy Chart Below Grades are available online! Complex Organic Molecules and their Building Blocks Building Block Macromolecule/ Examples Complex Molecule Simple Sugars Carbohydrates Carb= starches, breads, pasta, fruit Amino Acids Proteins Meat Fatty Acids Lipids & oils Vitamin A Nucleotides Nucleic Acids DNA, RNA, ATP TP: What are the building blocks of Organic molecules DO Now: Copy Chart Below Grades are available online! Complex Organic Molecules and their Building Blocks Building Block Macromolecule/ Examples Complex Molecule Simple Sugars Carbohydrates Carb= starches, breads, pasta, fruit Amino Acids Proteins Meat Fatty Acids Lipids & oils Vitamin A Nucleotides Nucleic Acids DNA, RNA, ATP Oct 11 9:40 AM Oct 11 9:40 AM Proteins They rule your lives! Definition: chains of amino acids that twist & fold into certain shapes that determine what the proteins do Example: Some proteins provide structure & support (Muscle Tissue) Some proteins carry out important chemical reactions in the body (they break down food in your digestive system) Structure large molecule made of amino acids (aa) there are 20 essential aa's recognized by its amino group ( NH2) & carboxyl group ( COOH) Must have nitrogen to make amino acids aa's link together by peptide bonds to get aa's your body must take in proteins Enzymes are Proteins Nov 29 7:04 AM Nov 12 8:29 AM 5
6 Aim: What are lipids? 11/12/09 All Living Organisms Require Organic Molecules Sugars are the building blocks of Carbohydrates Examples: Glucose (monosaccharide) Fructose (monosaccaride) Sucrose (disaccharide) table sugar A. Carbohydrates 1. Structure formed from carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen C atoms bond to each other to form chains or rings a nutrient from plants/ producers two simple sugars (monosaccharide glucose) can link to form a di or poly saccharide (sucrose) Do Now : Copy these notes 1. Structure chains of carbon atoms bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms> Lipids repel water 2. Function storing energy> fat molecules are converted from carbs & back to carbs if needed when food not available controlling water movement> makes up the cell membrane, "Phospholipid bilayer" 1 layer made of water, 1 made of long carbon chains, repels water lipid bilayer gives the membranes its fluid characteristics ex: Feathers of birds coated with oils help "waterproof" them 2. Function major source of energy for organisms provide structural support ex: Chitin (insect exoskeleton) & cellulose (plants) Glucose Molecule The presence of the double bond prevents tight packing and makes the bilayer difficult to freeze. Nov 10 12:23 AM Nov 10 12:51 AM Phospholipid Bilayer Aim: What are the building blocks of organic molecules? Do Now: What are three main organic molecules? HWK: Take Home Test due Monday? Polar molecules cannot pass through this membrane without external aid Nov 10 1:08 AM Nov 24 9:46 AM 6
7 L LE3 LE1 11/23/10 Class Notes Nov 24 9:58 AM Nov 23 8:45 AM Oct 7 10:23 AM Nov 12 9:23 AM 7
8 Enzymes are proteins with special functions Nov 16 10:20 AM Nov 29 6:51 AM How do Enzymes Work? The "Lock and Key" 1. Active site on the enzyme attaches to a substrate molecule (such as a disaccharide) forming an enzyme substrate complex. 2. While attached, the enzyme causes a weakening of chemical bonds in the substrate molecule, 3. Results in a breakdown of the substrate into two smaller product molecules (such as two monosaccharides) 4. Enzyme is unchanged during the reaction and is free to catalyze the breakdown of another substrate molecule 5. If the active site on the enzyme is blocked by a poison molecule, reaction cannot occur. Enzymes 1. Speed up by 1000x's the rate of chemical reaction in the body 2. Are not used up in the reaction 3. Follow the lock and key system enzymes are shaped specifically to act on their target molecules 4. Catalyze reactions: can split apart or join molecules together, 5. Can be denatured/ shape changed by temperature or ph changes Nov 29 6:53 AM Nov 29 7:09 AM 8
9 Aim: What are nucleic acids? Aim: What are nucleic acids? 10/13/2011 LE 3 Do Now: What are the building blocks of : proteins carbohydrates lipids Homework 1.Take Home Notebook Test. Must be signed by parent or 20 points off 2. Have Trip Permission Slip signed Do Now: What are the building blocks of : proteins carbohydrates lipids There will be a notebook quiz the last 20 minutes of class! Nov 30 10:32 AM Nov 30 10:32 AM Oct 13 9:35 AM Oct 13 9:37 AM 9
10 3 Major Nucleic Acids DNA deoxyribo(se) nucleic acid molecule of heredity nucleotide combinations make genes! found in the Nucleus of cells RNA ribo(se) nucleic acid molecule of heredity 3 different types in cells ATP adenosine tri phosphate currency of energy for the cells Oct 13 9:38 AM Oct 13 9:32 AM LE3 12/3/10 Nucleic Acids Definition: Made of smaller units called nucleotides Nucleotide: Contains 3 parts a sugar, a base & a phosphate group Nucleic Acids: your body has only 2: DNA & RNA DNA sugar is deoxy ribose Deoxyribonucleic acid RNA sugar is ribose Ribonucleic acid 4 Nucleotide bases of DNA : A,T,C,G Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) 4 RNA Nucleotide Bases: A,U, C, G Adenine (A) Uracil (U) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Dec 3 10:05 AM Nov 12 8:46 AM 10
11 Functions of Nucleic Acids & Nucleotides Function Heredity Energy Transfer Description DNA stores & transmits genetic info. between organisms DNA molecule contains the genetic code/ instructions for producing all the proteins in an organism ATP is the main molecule that cells use to transfer energy ATP = Adenosine triphosphate Consists of a single nucleotide connected to two additional phosphate groups There are other energy transferring molecules that also contain nucleotides carbohydrates DNA enzymes fats lipids monosaccharides nucleic acids nucleotides phospholipids polysaccharides proteins RNA Nov 16 9:00 AM Nov 10 12:10 AM Review of Biomolecules Nov 16 9:14 AM Nov 24 8:24 AM 11
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