Chemistry Regents Review A. A B. B C. C D. D

Transcription

1 hemistry Regents Review Name: ate: 1. Nitrogenous wastes result from the metabolism of 4. Which sugar solution was the first to liberate a measurable volume of O 2?. amino acids. glucose molecules. fatty acids. water molecules 2. Glucose and maltose are classified as organic compounds because they are both. carbon-containing substances. composed of simple elements. waste products. artificial sugars Which substances are most commonly used as building blocks in the synthesis of some lipids?. sugars and starches. amino acids and nucleotides. starches and enzymes 5. Which process is most directly responsible for the production of O 2 in these sugar solutions?. respiration. transpiration. translocation. photosynthesis. glycerol and fatty acids page 1

2 6. Which element is present in living cells and in all organic compounds? 10. Which process requires TP molecules as a source of energy?. potassium. sulfur. nitrogen. carbon. active transport. diffusion. osmosis. passive transport 7. Which gas became more abundant in the Earth s primitive atmosphere as a result of long periods of fermentation by anaerobic organisms?. hydrogen. carbon dioxide. ammonia. methane 11. Which term best describes a solution with a ph of 5?. acidic. neutral. basic. colorless 8. Which is an example of an inorganic compound? 12. Which is an example of an organic substance?. glucose. maltase. water. starch. 6 H 12 O 6. NH 3. H 2 O. O 2 9. biochemical compound that readily combines with oxygen and distributes it throughout the human body is 13. The process in which the net movement of molecules is from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration is known as. urea. water. acetylcholine. hemoglobin. active transport. diffusion. osmosis. passive transport page 2 hemistry Regents Review

3 14. Which structure produces a substance that aids in the mechanical breakdown of fats? 17. The diagram shows some of the events that take place in a plant cell. Use the diagram to answer the following question(s).. liver. thyroid gland. testis. pituitary gland 15. Which elements are present in all organic compounds?. hydrogen and oxygen. nitrogen and oxygen. nitrogen and carbon. hydrogen and carbon The letters X, Y, and Z most likely represent. N 2, 0 2, and H 2 O. O 2, light, and H 2 O. light, ammonia, and H 2 O. light, O 2, and methane 16. oth human insulin and insulin extracted from sheep lower blood sugar levels in humans. This fact is used as supporting evidence for evolution based on comparative. anatomy. embryology. biochemistry. cytology page 3 hemistry Regents Review

4 18. The diagram shows an investigation performed over a period of 6 hours. The gas bubbles produced in this investigation most likely contained molecules of 20. In the diagram, which substance belongs in area Z?. water. oxygen. nitrogen. carbon. oxygen. sulfur dioxide. uric acid. ammonia 21. This consists of chains of nucleotides.. N molecules, only. RN molecules, only. oth N and RN molecules 19. Which substances synthesized by the body enable humans to go for a long period of time without eating?. Neither N nor RN molecules. proteins and mucus. enzymes and hormones. vitamins and lipids. fats and glycogen 22. fter a cookie has been digested, glucose molecules enter the bloodstream by the process of. phagocytosis. diffusion. ingestion. pinocytosis page 4 hemistry Regents Review

5 23. N is a polymer consisting of repeating units known as. dipeptides. nucleotides. amino acids. organic salts 27. The distortion (change in shape) of enzyme molecules which occurs at high temperatures is known as. synthesis. specificity. replication. denaturation 24. Which term is defined as all the chemical reactions that are required to sustain life?. metabolism. regulation. nutrition. synthesis 28. Enzymes for both photochemical and carbonfixation reactions are found within organelles known as. chloroplasts. Golgi complexes. lysosomes. ribosomes 25. The raw materials used by green plants for photosynthesis are. oxygen and water. oxygen and glucose. carbon dioxide and water 29. The graph shows the relationship between the rate of enzyme action and ph for three enzymes: pepsin, urease, and trypsin.. carbon dioxide and glucose 26. Enzymes are similar to antibodies in that both. are produced by neurohormones. slow the rate of chemical reactions. are highly specific in their action Urease is most effective at a ph of are involved in hydrolysis reactions page 5 hemistry Regents Review

6 30. Which conclusion can be drawn concerning the enzymes whose activity is represented in the graph?. t a ph of 2.5, the rate of activity of urease is decreasing. 32. Which substances may function as coenzymes?. vitamins. fats. carbohydrates. proteins. t a ph of 4.0, the rate of activity of pepsin is the same as that of urease.. t a ph of 12.0, the rate of activity of trypsin is increasing.. t a ph of 7.5, the rate of activity of urease is the same as that of trypsin. 33. lcohol fermentation and aerobic respiration are similar in that both processes. utilize light. produce ethyl alcohol. require free oxygen. release carbon dioxide 31. In a living system, the structure of an enzyme is determined by the sequence of. phosphate groups in RN. ribose molecules in RN. nitrogen bases in N. deoxyribose molecules in N 34. In the respiratory pathway of some organisms, when oxygen is unavailable, pyruvic acid is converted to. peptide chains. hydrolytic enzymes. lactic acid. nucleic acid 35. This equation represents a process that occurs in both plants and animals. glucose + oxygen enzymes water + carbondioxide + 36 TP In animal cells, much of the carbon dioxide produced is. used for energy. converted to sugar. excreted as waste. stored in vacuoles page 6 hemistry Regents Review

7 36. uring the process of aerobic respiration, energy stored in food is transferred to molecules of 38. Organisms release stored chemical energy from nutrients by the process of. TP. N. glucose. enzymes. assimilation. transportation. respiration. ingestion 39. compound that is synthesized by both humans and geranium plants is 37. Which condition would most directly result in the production of lactic acid by some cells of the human body?. cellulose. TP. ethyl alcohol. chlorophyll. an excess of nitrogen in the atmosphere. an insufficient amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere. an excess of oxygen reaching the cells. an insufficient amount of oxygen reaching the cells 40. Fatigue in muscle tissue is chiefly associated with the production of. carbon dioxide. urea. lactic acid. glycerol 41. Which substance is represented by X in the word equation shown? glucose + X enzymes water + carbon dioxide + TP. alcohol. chlorophyll. oxygen. lactic acid page 7 hemistry Regents Review

8 42. One factor that contributes to the fatigue of a long-distance runner is the accumulation of lactic acid molecules in muscle cells. This lactic acid s produced most directly as a result of. digestion. aerobic respiration. photosynthesis 44. Within which structures does the aerobic phase of aerobic respiration take place?. grana. Golgi bodies. endoplasmic reticula. mitochondria. anaerobic respiration 43. Two species of bacteria produce different respiratory end products. Species always produces TP, O 2, and H 2 O; species always produces TP, ethyl alcohol, and O 2. Which conclusion can correctly be drawn from this information?. Only species is aerobic.. Only species is aerobic. 45. Small molecules combine chemically and form large, complex molecules by a process known as. hydrolysis. digestion. synthesis. nutrition. Species and species are both anaerobic.. Species and species are both aerobic. page 8 hemistry Regents Review

9 46. The structural formulas shown represent certain organic compounds found in living cells. (1) (2) (3) The hydrolysis of a protein would produce molecules represented by (4) (5) page 9 hemistry Regents Review

10 47. Which pair of nucleotides can be held together by weak hydrogen bonds? 48. The diagram illustrates some of the steps in the synthesis of proteins. Which structure is indicated by letter?. 1 and 3. 2 and 3. 3 and 4. 4 and 2. ribosome. mitochondrion. lysosome. Golgi body 49. The diagram illustrates some of the steps in the synthesis of proteins. Structural components of molecule include. ribose, phosphate, adenine, and uracil. ribose, thymine, adenine, and guanine. deoxyribose, ribose, phosphate, and thymine. deoxyribose, uracil, phosphate, and cytosine 50. Which base is normally used in the synthesis of RN but not in the synthesis of N?. adenine. uracil. cytosine. guanine page 10 hemistry Regents Review

11 51. Vegetable oils, such as corn oil, belong to which general class of organic substances?. lipids. proteins. carbohydrates. salts 54. Select the nutrient, chosen from the list below, that is best described by the statement shown. This nutrient can serve as an energy source or provide nondigestible materials that increase the amount of roughage in the human diet.. Lipids. arbohydrates. Proteins. Vitamins 52. The molecular formula for a particular compound is 12 H 22 O 11. This compound is classified as a. carbohydrate. lipid. protein. nucleic acid 55. Which organic molecule is correctly paired with an end product of its digestion?. nucleic acid glycerol. carbohydrate fatty acid. protein amino acid. lipid nucleotide 53. Not all human cells are capable of synthesizing all the compounds required for life. Those compounds that can not be synthesized must be ingested. These ingested compounds include. mutagenic agents. neurotransmitters. essential amino acids. digestive enzymes 56. The term that represents all the chemical activities that occur in an organism is. synthesis. regulation. metabolism. homeostasis page 11 hemistry Regents Review

12 57. Which life function provides substances that may be used by an organism for its growth and for the repair of its tissues?. excretion. reproduction. nutrition. regulation 59. When a person s level of physical activity changes, the circulatory system supplies body cells with amounts of nutrients and oxygen that are appropriate to sustain the new level of activity. This statement best illustrates the concept of. homeostasis. pinocytosis. synthesis. cyclosis 58. For survival, a hummingbird uses a considerable amount of energy. The energy most directly results from the life activity of. transport. excretion. regulation. respiration 60. Normally, when the concentration of glucose in the blood falls below a certain level, stored glucose reenters the blood until the original concentration is reached again. This regulation of the concentration of blood glucose is part of the process known as. synthesis. respiration. pinocytosis. homeostasis page 12 hemistry Regents Review

13 Problem-ttic format version c Educide Software Licensed for use by rooke Kneller Terms of Use at hemistry Regents Review 05/17/

14 Teacher s Key Page