Macromolecule Practice Test

Transcription

1 Name: ate: 1. ll living things contain which element?. helium. sodium. copper. carbon 4. Which of the following compounds is most likely to be part of living organisms?. 6 H 12 O 6. F 3. Mol 2. si 2. Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?. iron, oxygen, nickel, copper. sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen 5. Which of the following is the fundamental element found in all living organisms?. iron. carbon. calcium. magnesium. helium, neon, argon, krypton. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen 6. There are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction? 3. Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen (H) to form large molecules?. sodium (Na). lithium (Li). sulfur (S). carbon (). ifferent enzymes are synthesized in specific areas of the cytoplasm.. Most enzymes can catalyze many different reactions.. n enzyme binds to a specific substrate (reactant) for the reaction catalyzed.. Enzymes are transported to specific substrates (reactants) by ribosomes. page 1

2 7. lthough there are a limited number of amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the. size of a given amino acid can vary. 10. What types of monomers form proteins?. Glucose. Nucleotides. mino acids. Polyatomic ions. chemical composition of a given amino acid can vary.. sequence and number of amino acids is different.. same amino acid can have many different properties. 11. arbohydrates are macromolecules used for energy in living organisms. Large carbohydrate molecules are made of smaller building blocks called monosaccharides. The arrangement of which three components is used to distinguish one monosaccharide from another? 8. The clear protein of an egg white becomes opaque and firm when cooked because the heat. mutates the N.. turns the protein into carbohydrates.. arbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Glucose, fructose, and ribose. Peptide, fatty acid, and purine. Water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. stops protein formation.. changes the protein structure. 12. Use the pictures below to answer the question. 9. Proteins are large macromolecules composed of thousands of subunits. The structure of the protein depends on the sequence of. lipids.. monosaccharides.. amino acids.. nucleosides. Which shows the correct order from simplest to most complex?. ell Tissue Organ. Organ Tissue ell. ell Organ Tissue. Tissue Organ ell page 2

3 13. Use this diagram to answer the question. 15. Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates?. storage of energy. transmission of genetic material. acceleration of chemical reactions. transport of molecules across membranes What is the main purpose of the mitochondria shown by the arrow?. cell reproduction. cellular digestion. energy production. protein manufacture 16. Many aquatic birds secrete waxy organic substances that repel water. The birds use these substances to coat their feathers. n analysis of these substances would reveal that they are composed mostly of. lipids.. proteins.. carbohydrates.. nucleic acids. 14. Which statement about plant and animal cells is true?. oth have a cell wall to give them support.. oth have a large vacuole to store water.. oth use mitochondria to produce energy.. oth use chloroplasts to store energy. 17. arbon atoms in organic molecules most commonly bond to atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, and. calcium.. magnesium.. nitrogen.. sodium. page 3

4 18. The table below shows the elemental composition of three different types of organisms. Elemental omposition of Selected Organisms (percent by weight) Element Human lfalfa E.coli acterium O H X P S Total 97.6% 99.5% 99.6% The X in the table represents which of the following elements?. calcium (a). iron (Fe). nitrogen (N). sodium (Na) 20. The molecule TP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?. aluminum. calcium. phosphorus. tin 21. If scientists search other planets for possible life, they are likely to focus on the presence of molecules containing which of the following elements?. carbon. iron. potassium. sodium 19. The structure of an organic molecule is represented below. In this organic molecule, which element is identified by each X?. iron. carbon. sodium. phosphorus 22. In red blood cells, the compound carbonic anhydrase increases the rate at which carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate ions for transport in the blood. In red blood cells, carbonic anhydrase acts as which of the following?. an enzyme. a hormone. a lipid. a sugar page 4

5 23. Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule?. carbohydrate. lipid. nucleic acid. protein 26. Which of the following lists of elements contains the most common elements in organic compounds?. calcium, iron, and potassium. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. chlorine, phosphorus, and sodium. copper, magnesium, and sulfur 24. Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin?. a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring. a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule. a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol 27. Which element is the main component of all organic molecules?. carbon. nitrogen. potassium. sodium. a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone 25. diagram of an organic molecule is below. Which element is found at the positions marked by the dots ( ) in the molecule?. carbon. nitrogen 28. One category of organic compounds contains molecules composed of long hydrocarbon chains. The hydrocarbon chains may be saturated or unsaturated. Which of the following categories of organic compounds contains these molecules?. carbohydrates. lipids. nucleic acids. proteins. phosphorus. sulfur page 5

6 29. Some bacteria contain a substance called nitrogenase. Nitrogenase catalyzes the chemical reaction that converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) into ammonia (NH 3 ). Nitrogenase is an example of which of the following?. a sugar. an enzyme. a nucleotide. an amino acid 32. Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?. Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions.. Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquid during the reactions.. The reactions take up too much space in the cell if enzymes are missing.. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing. 30. Which of the following categories of organic molecules is correctly paired with one of its functions?. nucleic acids digest dead cells. lipids give quick energy to cells. carbohydrates store genetic information. proteins provide structure in skin, hair, and nails 33. ll organisms have ways to produce TP. Which of the following statements describes why TP is a critical compound for all cells?. It causes mitosis to begin.. It is an energy-transfer molecule.. It is a major component of cell membranes. 31. Energy for most chemical reactions in cells is supplied by which of the following molecules?. It carries information from N to the ribosomes.. TP. N. adrenaline. hemoglobin page 6

7 iology students investigated various human digestive enzymes. The table below summarizes the functions of several different digestive enzymes. Enzyme salivary amylase pepsin pancreatic amylase lipase aminopeptidase Function begins to break down starch into smaller polysaccharides or the disaccharide maltose begins to break down proteins into small polypeptides continues to break down starch and smaller polysaccharides into disaccharides breaks down fats into glycerol, fatty acids, or glycerides breaks down small polypeptides into amino acids The students conducted experiments to study digestive enzyme activity. In the first experiment, the students observed the rate at which salivary amylase breaks down starch (the substrate) in solutions with different ph values. The students then performed the same type of experiment with pepsin. The graph below shows the students results for the two experiments. page 7

8 34. Fatty acids are one of the products that result from the action of lipase in the digestive system. What is one way that fatty acids are used in the body?. for storing energy. for encoding genetic information. as the building blocks of antibodies. as the building blocks of hemoglobin 37. Which of the following statements describes a N molecule?. It contains the base uracil.. It has a double helix shape.. It contains five phosphate groups per nucleotide.. It has a backbone of twenty different nucleotides. 35. Which of the following statements describes the role of TP in animal cells?. TP stores and releases energy. 38. The diagram below shows a pair of N nucleotides. The nitrogenous base guanine (G) is labeled.. TP forms the channels in the plasma membrane.. TP serves as the hereditary material in the nucleus.. TP attaches to and digests unneeded organic molecules. Which nitrogenous base pairs with guanine?. adenine (). cytosine (). thymine (T). uracil (U) 36. Scientists have found geysers on one of Saturn s moons. The geysers release water vapor containing complex organic compounds, which may indicate the presence of life. Which of the following elements is most likely abundant in the organic compounds in the water vapor?. carbon. chlorine. iron. zinc 39. student is preparing to run in a school track competition. For the quickest source of energy, the student should eat a food that contains a high percentage of. carbohydrates.. fat.. proteins.. sodium. page 8

9 40. The graph below shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of ph values. Enzyme ctivity 42. TPases are enzymes that help convert TP into P in cells. When a person exercises, TPases directly increase which of the following?. the amount of energy stored in muscle cells. the number of mitochondria in muscle cells. the number of muscle cells in muscle tissue. the amount of energy released in muscle cells Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data?. The optimum ph of the enzyme is The optimum ph of the enzyme is The enzyme s activity is greater around ph 8.0 than around ph Vitamin is an organic molecule that regulates the absorption of calcium by the body. Which of the following elements is most common in a molecule of vitamin?. aluminum. carbon. magnesium. sodium. The enzyme s activity continually increases as ph increases from 5.0 to The role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction is to change which of the following? 41. n amoeba in a pond engulfs and consumes a paramecium. The amoeba uses which of the following to quickly break down the organic molecules in the paramecium?. enzymes. glucose. polysaccharides. water. the type of reaction. the activation energy of the reaction. the ph at which the reaction occurs. the temperature at which the reaction occurs page 9

10 45. Which type of molecule in the yolk of a chicken egg provides the most energy for a developing chick?. lipid. nucleic acid. salt. water 48. In the 1940s and 1950s, scientists did experiments to determine the molecule responsible for heredity. Their experiments demonstrated that the molecule that encodes and transmits information in organisms is. N.. glucosamine.. insulin.. vitamin. 46. Muscle cells need to quickly convert energy from food molecules into a usable form. For this reason, which of the following do muscle cells have in greater numbers than most other types of cells?. chromosomes. mitochondria. nuclei. vacuoles 49. Which group of organic compounds contains fatty acids?. carbohydrates. lipids. nucleic acids. proteins 47. In the first step of glycolysis, glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate. Which of the following supplies the energy for the reaction?. TP. RN. oxygen. hydrogen 50. ellular respiration involves a series of chemical reactions. Which of the following is a primary way that enzymes affect these reactions?. They decrease the ph of the products.. They increase the rate of the reactions.. They take the place of oxygen as a reactant.. They change the location of the reactions in the cell. page 10

11 51. mylase is an enzyme that allows the human body to digest starch. Which of these diagrams best represents part of the structure of amylase? 53. Which of the following shows a N molecule? Most carbohydrates in the human body are. used as building blocks for proteins. used as catalysts for reactions in cells. consumed as a source of energy. not easily absorbed into the bloodstream page 11

12 54. N molecule is shaped like a double helix, which looks like a twisted ladder. 56. Which of the following is a lipid?. holesterol. ellulose. Glucose. Protein 57. Proteins are made of long chains of N Model Which of the following best describes the section of the ladder that contains a hereditary gene?. lipids.. monosaccharides.. amino acids.. enzymes.. The top of the ladder. The bottom of the ladder. The vertical sides of the ladder. The horizontal sections of the ladder 58. Which of the following is needed to transfer and release energy?. alcium. Phosphate. Nitrate. Potassium 55. The molecules made by living cells are mainly assembled around which element?. alcium. arbon. Hydrogen. Oxygen 59. ll of the following are organic molecules except. protein.. lipid.. carbohydrate.. salt. page 12

13 60. The glucose produced during photosynthesis is an example of a 62. This is a diagram of a plant cell.. lipid.. monosaccharide.. protein.. nucleic acid. Which organelle is used to transfer energy and can also be found in an animal cell? In the diagram above, the substance labeled X is most likely. an enzyme.. water.. TP.. oxygen. page 13

14 Use the information to answer the the following question(s). N Scientists study N to understand heredity, disease, and the evolutionary history of organisms. uring these studies, N must first be separated into two complementary strands. Next, the appropriate nucleotides are attached to the nucleotides in each original strand to produce two new complete N strands. The diagram below shows a simple model of this process. The letters, T,, and G represent the four nucleotides. page 14

15 63. Which table correctly compares the N, cell shape, and proteins produced by a liver cell and a nerve cell from the same organism?. N ell Shape Proteins Produced Liver and nerve cells same different different. N ell Shape Proteins Produced Liver and nerve cells same same different. N ell Shape Proteins Produced Liver and nerve cells different different different 64. cell requires a constant energy supply to perform basic life functions. Which two organelles are primarily responsible for energy transformations in the cell?. nucleus and ribosome. lysosome and vacuole. mitochondrion and chloroplast. endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. N ell Shape Proteins Produced Liver and nerve cells different different same page 15

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