The Human Body: An Orientation

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1 The Human Body: An Orientation Activity Booklet Name: Per: #:

2 Label the following diagram with the levels of structural organization and the examples of each: 1

3 Identify the following body systems and label the major organs of each one: 2

4 Homeostasis sketch (pg. 13) Negative Feedback Loop * Draw the feedback loop including all of the information about variable, stimulus and both pathways. 3

5 Did You Get It? 1. The study of body function is and the study of body structures is. a. anatomy, physiology b. physiology, anatomy 2. Why would you have a hard time learning and understanding physiology if you did not also understand anatomy? 3. At which level of structural organization is the stomach? At which level is a glucose molecule? 4. Which organ system includes the trachea, lungs, nasal cavity, and bronchi? The intestines, stomach and liver? 5. Consider the following levels: (1)chemical; (2)tissue; (3)organ; (4)cellular; (5)organismal; (6)systemic. Circle which of the following choices has the levels listed in order of increasing complexity? a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 d. 1, 4, 2, 3, 6, 5 b. 1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6 e. 4, 1, 3, 2, 6, 5 c. 3, 1, 2, 4, 6, 5 6. In addition to being able to metabolize, grow, digest food, and excrete wastes, what other functions must an organism perform if it is to survive? 7. Which is not essential to survival? (Circle) a. water d. atmospheric pressure g. metabolism b. oxygen e. nutrients h. hydrostatic pressure c. digestion f. reproduction i. maintaining boundaries 4

6 8. Oxygen is a survival need. Why is it so important including the terms cellular respiration, glucose, energy and ATP? 9. When we say that the body demonstrates homeostasis, do we mean that conditions in the body are unchanging? Explain your answer. 10. When we begin to become dehydrated, we usually get thirsty, which causes us to drink liquids. Is the thirst sensation part of negative or a positive feed back control system? Defend your choice. 11. Put the following terms in the correct order in which they occur in a negative feedback loop: receptor, effector, control center, stimulus, variable. 12. List, and give one example, of the six body organizational levels from smallest to largest

7 13. List the five survival needs. 14. Which homeostatic feedback mechanism controls most body processes? Which one leads to homeostatic imbalance or disease? 15. Groups of cells that have a common function are. 16. The larynx is an organ in the system. 17. The system that functions in the storage of minerals, such as calcium, is the system. 18. The break-down of ingested foods into simpler molecules that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream is called. 19. refers to all chemical reactions occurring in the body. 20. The ability to sense changes and react to them is called. 21. The component of a control system that provides the means for the control center s response is called the. 22. Along which pathway does information in a negative feedback loop flow from the receptor to the control center? 23. A control mechanism that responds to a stimulus by decreasing its intensity is a feedback mechanism. 24. The body s ability to maintain a stable internal environment is referred to as. 6

8 25. The is composed of the kidneys, bladder and urethra. 26. The function of the system is to control body processes via hormones. 27. Blood clotting and the birth of a baby are examples of the feedback mechanism. 28. Which of the following activities does not represent an anatomical study? a. making a section cut through the heart to examine its interior b. examining the surface of a bone c. viewing muscle tissue through a microscope d. studying how nerves conduct nerve impulses e. observing the parts of a reproducing cell 29. Which of the following systems is matched most closely with its functions? a. integumentary system movement b. skeletal system excretion c. muscular system maintaining boundaries d. nervous system responsiveness e. respiratory system digestion 30. Your body thermostat is located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Which of the following elements of a negative feedback loop does this part represent: a. control center b. stimulus c. effector d. afferent pathway e. efferent pathway 7

9 Sample Discussion Questions: 1. What is the consequence to a loss of homeostasis, or homeostatic imbalance? 2. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted in response to a drop in calcium levels in the blood. The secretion of PTH is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. What can you expect to happen to calcium blood levels as increased amounts of PTH are secreted and why? 3. Distinguish between anatomy & physiology and explain why you cannot study one independently of the other. 8

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11 *Booklet Rubric* Diagrams Did You Get It Sample Discussion Crossword Puzzle /5 /10 /5 /5 BOOKLET TOTAL /25 Date Turned in 1 day late minus 30% /25 2 days late minus 50% /25 3+ days late 0 credit /25 10

The Human Body: An Orientation

PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Human Body: An Orientation 1 PART A The Human Body An Orientation Anatomy Study of the structure