(3) Chemical synapse ---structure
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1 (3) Chemical synapse ---structure LM: in silver preparation dark brown color button-liked on the surface of cell body and dendrites called synaptic button LM: synaptic button
2 (3) Chemical synapse ---structure EM: Presynaptic element presynaptic membrane synapse vesicle(neurotransmitters) mitochondria Synaptic cleft: 20-30nm Postsynaptic element postsynaptic membrane receptors
3 Presynaptic element mito. synapse vesicle synaptic cleft EM: Chemical synapse presynaptic membrane postsynaptic membrane (receptors) Postsynaptic element
4 EM: Chemical synapse
5 ---function:to conduct nerve impulses
6 Types of synapses
7 Review Chemical synapse -- presynaptic membrane Presynaptic element -- synapse vesicle -- mitochondria Synaptic cleft Postsynaptic element -- postsynaptic membrane -- receptors
8 4. Glial cells (neuroglias) (1)General features (2)Classification (3)Glial cells in CNS (4)Glial cells in PNS
9 (1)General features The number of glial cells is 5 to 10 times the number of neurons. Most glial cells possess processes. However, unlike neurons, the processes of glial cells cannot be classified as dendrite and axon. They are non-excitable and do not conduct nerve impulses. Glial cells are supporting cells within the nervous system.
10 (2)Classification central nervous svstem peripheral nervous system 1.astrocyte 2.oligodendrocyte 3.microglia 4.ependymal cell 1.schwann cell 2.satellite cell
11 (3)Glial cells in CNS
12 1 Astrocytes ---structure Fibrous astrocyte located in the white matter with few long, thin processes foot processes Protoplasmic astrocyte found in the gray matter with many short, thick processes with more branch
13 Function supporting, insulating and repairing secrete neurotrophic factor: nerve growth factor (NGF) constitute blood brain barrier (BBB) What is the BBB?
14 Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) ----Composition: endothelial cells basement membrane foot processes of astrocytes ----Function: prevents the passage of some substances, such as chemical and bacterial toxin matter, from the blood to nerve tissue
15 Scientists have found that: Albert Einstein become scientific genius is closely related to his specific brain structures, in addition of having higher density of neurons, Einstein's brain proc esses large astrocytes, the end of these glial cells has large number of nerve tissue. Einstein's brain slices under the microscope
16 2 oligodendrocytes ---structure smaller, fewer processes ---function their processes form myelin-sheath of NF in CNS A B
17 3 Microglias A ---structure smallest, elongated cells with short irregular processes ---function phagocytosis ---derived from monocytes B
18 4 Ependymal cells ---structure cuboidal or low columnar epithelial cells apical: microvilli and cilia ---distribution ventricle of brain central canal of spinal cord A B ---function produce cerebrospinal fluid
19 (4)Glial cells in PNS
20 1 Schwann cells ---structure cylinder-shaped envelop the axon end to end ---function A myelin-sheath axon form myelin-sheath in PNS B
21 2 Satellite cells ---structure one layer of flattened or cuboidal cell, with round, ovoid and dark nucleus surrounding the neuron in ganglion ganglion A ---function nutrition protection neuron Satellite cells B
22 Review CNS PNS astrocyte schwann cell (supporting/repairing)(form myelin-sheath) oligodendrocyte (form myelin-sheath) microglia (phagocytosis) ependymal cell (produce cerebrospinal fluid) satellite cell (nutrition/protection)
23 5. Nerve fibers (1) Definition (2) Classification (3) Structure
24 (1)Definition a nerve fiber is composed of an axon and a surrounding myelinsheath. (oligodendrocyte in CNS) (schwann cell in PNS) oligodendrocyte Ranvier node CNS PNS schwann cell
25 (2)Classification myelinated nerve fiber (MNF) PNS CNS unmyelinated nerve fiber(n-mnf) PNS CNS
26 (3)Structure Myelinated nerve fiber in PNS
27 ----Structure axon surrounded by myelin sheath and neurolemma. internode the segment of NF between two Ranvier nodes ( a Schwann cell ) Ranvier node the region devoid of myelin sheath and with bare portion of the axon myelinated nerve fiber in PNS
28 LM: myelinated nerve fiber myelin sheath axon Ranvier node axon myelin sheath
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