Medical Language. An anatomical illustration of the skeleton by Andreas Vesalius. (Dover Publications, Inc.)
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1 Medical Language An anatomical illustration of the skeleton by Andreas Vesalius. (Dover Publications, Inc.)
2 Orthopedics / Orthopaedics Suffix Combining form Combining form Word Part -ics Orth/o- Ped/o- Word Part Definition Knowledge, practice Straight child Orthopedics: the knowledge and practice of producing straightness in a child or an adult
3 Anatomy and Physiology The Skeletal System Bony framework on which the body is built Composed of 206 bones, cartilage, and ligaments Provides structural support for the body, works with the muscles in the process of movement, and protects the body's vital organs Also known as the skeletomuscular system and the musculoskeletal system
4 Skeletal System Axial axi/o- axis -al pertaining to Consists of the bones of the head, chest, and back Appendicular appendicul/o- limb; small attached part -ar pertaining to Consists of the bones of the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs
5 Anatomy of the Skeletal System The cranium is composed of 8 bones Frontal - front/o - front Parietal pariet/o- wall of a cavity Occipital occipit/o- occiput (back of the head) Sphenoid sphen/o- wedge shape -oid - resembling Ethmoid ethm/o- sieve Temporal tempor/o- temple (side of the head)
6 Anatomy of the Skeletal System There are 14 bones in the face ( p. 400) Nasal Nas/o- nose Turbinate Turbin/o- scroll-like structure (Latin: spins like a top) Lacrimal - lacrim/o- tears Palatine palat/o- palate Maxilla upper jaw Mandible - lower jaw
7 Anatomy of the Skeletal System Bones of the Chest The chest contains the thorax, a bony cage known as the rib cage Thorax Greek for breastplate The bones of the thorax include the sternum and 24 ribs (12 pairs) Within the thorax is the thoracic cavity, containing the heart, lungs, and other structures
8 Anatomy of the Skeletal System Bones of the Chest The sternum - breast bone The manubrium Latin for Handle The xiphoid process is the small tip at its inferior end Xiph/o- sword
9 Anatomy of the Skeletal System The spinal column is divided into 5 different regions. Come To Lovely South Carolina Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx
10 Anatomy of the Skeletal System Spinous Spin/o- spine; backbone -ous pertaining to Transverse Trans- across; through -verse to travel; to turn Intervertebral Inter- between Vertebr/o- vertebra -al pertaining to
11 Anatomy of the Skeletal System Bones of the Shoulders Scapula(ae) Scapul/o shoulder blade (Latin) -ar pertaining to Acromion Greek tip of the shoulder Glenoid Glen/o socket of a joint -oid resembling
12 Anatomy of the Skeletal System Bones of the Arms Humerus Radius Ulna Bones of the Hands Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges pp
13 Sound Alike Words (p407) Humerus Noun bone of the upper arm Humorous Adjective descriptive English word meaning funny Humeral Adjective describes the bone of the upper arm Humoral Adjective descriptive word for immunity to infection
14 Sound Alike Words Ilium (noun) The superiorflaring part of the hip bone of the pelvis Ileum (noun) The thrid part of the small intestine Ileus (noun) Abnormal absence of contractions in the small intestine
15 Anatomy of the Skeletal System Bones of the Leg (from the Latin) Femur thigh bone Tibia shin bone Fibula- Clasp; buckle Patella small plate
16 Anatomy of the Skeletal System Ankles Tarsal Tars/o- ankle Calcaneus Heal bone (Latin) Feet Metatarsal Meta after; subsequent to Tars/o- ankle Al- pertaining to Hallux Great toe (Latin)
17 Related Terms Osseous Osse/o bone -ous pertaining to Periosteal Peri-around oste./o bone -al pertaining to Epiphyseal Epiphys/o growth area on the end of a bone -ial pertaining to Diaphysial Diaphys/o- shaft of a bone -ial pertaining to
18 Building Medical Words P. 423 Group Group Group
19 Symptoms, Signs, and Diseases Group Activity: p. 424 Define the meanings: Avascular necrosis Osteoma Chondroma Chondromalacia patellae Fracture Crepitus
20 Fractures p Define Closed Open Non-displaced Displaced Comminuted Compression Depressed Greenstick Oblique Spiral Transverse
21 Symptoms, Signs, and Diseases Diseases of the Bones and Cartilage Osteomalacia Malac/o softening -ia condition, state, thing Osteomyelitis Myel/o- bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin -itis inflammation of Osteoporosis Por/o- small openings; pores -osis condition; abnormal condition process p. 428
22 Figure 8-22 Normal bone versus osteoporotic bone. The bone on the left shows normal mineralization and density. The bone on the right shows demineralization, large holes, and loss of density. This bone would be extremely prone to fracture. (ESRF-CREATIS/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
23 Symptoms, Signs, and Diseases Diseases of the Vertebrae Ankylosing Ankyl/o- fused together Kyphosis Kyph/o- bent; humpbacked Lordosis Lord/o- swayback Scoliosis Scoli/o curved, crooked p. 429
24 Symptoms, Signs, and Diseases Diseases of the Joints and Ligaments Arthralgia Arthr/o- joint Alg/o- pain -pathy disease, suffering p. 431 Dislocation Dis- away from Locat/o- a place Gout Drop (Latin) Hemarthrosis Hem/o- blood Arthr/o- joint -osis condition; process
25 Symptoms, Signs, and Diseases Diseases of the Joints and Ligaments Osteoarthritis Crepitus A rattle (Latin) Rheumatoid Rheumat/o- watery discharge -oid resembling pp
26 Diagnostic Procedures Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Procedures Arthrography - uses a radiopaque contrast dye that is injected into a joint to coat and outline the bone ends and joint capsules Bone density test - measures the bone mineral density to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occurred
27 Diagnostic Procedures Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Procedures Bone scintigraphy Scint/i- point of light -graphy process of recording phosphate compounds are tagged with a radioactive tracer and injected intravenously to scan part or all of the body for areas of increased uptake X-ray - diagnoses bony abnormalities of any part of the body
28 Medical Procedures Cast plaster or fiberglass is applied around a fractured bone and adjacent areas to immobilize the fracture in a fixed position to facilitate healing Closed reduction manual manipulation of a displaced fracture allowing bone ends to return into its normal alignment without surgery Cortisone injection the drug cortisone is given by intra-articular injection into 1 particular joint with degenerative joint disease
29 Medical Procedures Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) sound waves are used to break up bony spurs and treat painful skeletal problems of the foot Goniometry Goni/o- angle -meter instrument used to measure procedure in which a protractor-like device is used to measure the angle and degrees of range of movement of a joint Orthosis Orth/o- straight -osis condition; abnormal condition; process orthopedic device that is used to immobilize or correct an orthopedic problem
30 Surgical Procedures Amputation procedure to remove all or part of an extremity because of trauma or circulatory disease Arthrocentesis procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid in a joint by using a needle or trocar inserted into the joint space Arthrodesis procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated, unstable joint
31 Surgical Procedures Arthroscopy procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize the inside of the joint and its structures Bone graft procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defects due to bone cancer Cartilage transplant procedure that is an alternative to a total knee replacement (in younger < 40 age patients)
32 Surgical Procedures Joint replacement surgery procedure to replace a joint that has been destroyed by inflammation Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) procedure to treat a complicated fracture using screws, nails, or plates to hold fracture fragments in alignment External fixation procedure used to treat complicated fractures by inserting metal pins on either side of the fracture
33 Abbreviations
34 It s Greek to Me! English Bone Bent, crooked Cartilage Fibula Finger / toe Joint vertebra Latin Osse/o- Scoli/o- Cartilag/o- Fibul/o- Phalang/o- Articul/o- Vertebr/o- Greek Oste/o- Ankyl/o- Chondr/o- Perone/o- Dactyl/o- Arthr/o- Spondyl/o-
35 Classroom Activity Orthopedic Medical Dictation Perplexing Pairs Orth/o- vs arthr/o- Myel/o- vs my/o- Perine/o- vs peritone/o- Cephal/o- vs encephal/o-
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