MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY. Complete! Second Edition CHAPTER. The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Content Review Slides
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1 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Complete! Second Edition CHAPTER 6 The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Content Review Slides
2 Learning Objectives Define and spell the word parts used to create medical terms for the skeletal and muscular systems. Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms, diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.
3 Learning Objectives (cont.) Build medical terms from word parts associated with the skeletal and muscular systems. Pronounce and spell common medical terms associated with the skeletal and muscular systems.
4 The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Are combined to form the musculoskeletal system Work hand in hand to support the body and produce body movement Are subject to injury and inherited disorders, as well as diseases
5 Figure 6.1 Parts of a bone
6 Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts arthr/o, articul/o = joint burs/o = purse or sac, bursa carp/o = wrist chondr/o = gristle, cartilage
7 Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.) condyl/o = knuckle of a joint cost/o = rib cran/o, crani/o = skull, cranium fasci/o = fascia
8 Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.) femor/o = thigh, femur fibr/o = fiber fibul/o = fibula ili/o = flank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvis ischi/o = haunch, hip joint, ischium
9 Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.) menisc/o = meniscus muscul/o = muscle my/o, myos/o = muscle myel/o = bone marrow
10 Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.) orth/o = straight ost/o, oste/o = bone pariet/o = wall patell/o = patella ped/o = child petr/o = stone
11 Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.) phalang/o = phalanges phys/o = growth pub/o = pubis radi/o = radius
12 Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.) sacr/o = sacred, sacrum skelet/o = skeleton spondyl/o = vertebra stern/o = chest, sternum
13 Anatomy and Physiology: Word Parts (cont.) synov/o, synovi/o = synovial tars/o = tarsal bone ten/o, tendon/o = stretch, tendon vertebr/o = vertebra
14 Anatomy Musculoskeletal system = the combined muscular and skeletal systems Muscles = Composed of skeletal muscle tissue and connective tissue. Muscles along with tendons and bones produce body movement. Muscle contraction also produces heat, assisting the body in regulating body temperature. Bones = Composed of mainly connective tissue receiving blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. Function in the support of soft internal organs, the storage of mineral salts including calcium and phosphorus, and the production of blood cells within the red bone marrow. Serve as an attachment site for muscles
15 Figure 6.2 The bones of the skeleton. The skeleton, anterior view.
16 Figure 6.3 The major muscles of the human body, anterior side.
17 Pathophysiology Terms Orthopedics: The branch of medicine focusing on disease and conditions of the musculoskeletal system, including injury, infections, tumor development, endocrine disease, and inherited disorders Orthopedist: A physician specializing in orthopedics Source: vectomart / Shutterstock.com
18 Signs and Symptoms: Word Parts a- = without, absence of brady- = slow dys- = bad, abnormal, painful, difficult hyper- = excessive, abnormally high, above
19 Word Parts (cont.) arthr/o = joint kinesi/o = motion my/o = muscle tax/o = reaction to a stimulus ten/o = stretch, tendon troph/o = development
20 Word Parts (cont.) -a = singular -algia, -dynia = condition of pain -ia = condition of -y = process of
21 Muscle Atrophy Video Click here to view a video on the topic of muscle atrophy. Back to Directory
22 Muscular Dystrophy Video Click here to view a video on the topic of muscular dystrophy. Back to Directory
23 Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts a- = without, absence of epi- = upon, over, above, on top para- = alongside, abnormal poly- = excessive, over, many quadri- = four
24 Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.) ankyl/o = crooked arthr/o = joint burs/o = purse or sac, bursa carcin/o = cancer carp/o = wrist
25 Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.) chondr/o = gristle, cartilage condyl/o = knuckle of a joint fibr/o = fiber kyph/o = hump leuk/o = white
26 Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.) lith/o = stone lord/o = bent forward menisc/o = meniscus myel/o = bone marrow my/o, myos/o = muscle
27 Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.) ost/o, oste/o = bone por/o = hole sarc/o = flesh, meat scoli/o = curved spondyl/o = vertebra
28 Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.) synov/o, synovi/o = synovial ten/o, tendon/o = stretch, tendon
29 Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.) -algia = condition of pain -asthenia = weakness -cele = hernia, swelling, protrusion -emia = condition of blood
30 Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.) -genesis = origin, cause -itis = inflammation -malacia = softening -oma = tumor -osis = condition of
31 Diseases and Disorders: Word Parts (cont.) -plasia = formation, growth -plegia = paralysis -ptosis = drooping
32 Figure 6.4 Achondroplasia Source: itanistock/alamy
33 Figure 6.5B Progressive changes of rheumatoid arthritis.
34 Arthritis Video Click here to view a video on the topic of arthritis. Back to Directory
35 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Video Click here to view a video on the topic of carpal tunnel syndrome. Back to Directory
36 Fractures Fracture: The clinical term for a break in a bone Colles : A break in the distal part of the radius Comminuted: A break resulting in fragmentation of the bone Compression: A crushed break, often due to weight or pressure Displaced: A break causing an abnormal alignment of bone pieces
37 Fractures (cont.) Epiphyseal: A break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone Greenstick: A slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in an x-ray Nondisplaced: A break in which the broken bones retain their alignment Pott s: A break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg Spiral: A spiral-shaped break often caused by twisting stresses along a long bone
38 Figure 6.6 Common bone fractures
39 Bone Healing Animation Click here to view an animation on the topic of bone healing. Back to Directory
40 Figure 6.7 Gout
41 Figure 6.8 Herniated disk
42 Figure 6.9 Spinal disfigurements
43 Figure 6.10 Osteoporosis
44 Osteoporosis Video Click here to view a video on the topic of osteoporosis. Back to Directory
45 Figure 6.11 Sprain
46 Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts arthr/o = joint burs/o = purse or sac, bursa chondr/o = gristle, cartilage cost/o = rib crani/o = skull, cranium
47 Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.) electr/o = electricity fasci/o = fascia lamin/o = thin, lamina my/o = muscle orth/o = straight ost/o, oste/o = bone
48 Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.) spondyl/o = vertebra syn/o = connect ten/o = stretch, tendon vertebr/o = vertebra
49 Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.) -centesis = surgical puncture -clasia, -clasis = break apart -desis = surgical fixation or fusion -ectomy = surgical removal or excision -gram = a record or image
50 Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.) -graphy = recording process -iatry = treatment or specialty -ist = one who specializes -lysis = loosen, dissolve -pathy = disease
51 Treatments, Procedures, Devices: Word Parts (cont.) -plasty = surgical repair -rrhaphy = suturing -scope = instrument used for viewing -scopy = the process of viewing -tic = pertaining to -tomy = incision or to cut
52 Figure 6.12 Arthrocentesis
53 Arthroscopy Source: piotrwzk / Shutterstock.com
54 Figure 6.13 Arthroscopic surgery
55 Arthroscopy Video Click here to view a video on the topic of arthroscopy. Back to Directory
56 Internal fixation Source: Sphotography/ Dreamstime.com
57 External ring fixation technique in orthopedic medicine sima / Shutterstock.com
58 Combining Form Quiz 1. cost/o a. straight 2. orth/o b. curved 3. arthr/o c. rib 4. kyph/o d. hump 5. scoli/o e. joint
59 Combining Form Quiz 1. cost/o a. straight 2. orth/o b. curved 3. arthr/o c. rib 4. kyph/o d. hump 5. scoli/o e. joint
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