Axial skeleton bones and markings

Transcription

1 Axial skeleton bones and markings Skull Cranial bones Frontal x 1 Supraorbital foramen Occipital x 1 Foramen magnum Occipital condyles Superior nuchal line Inferior nuchal line Anterior cranial fossa External occipital protuberance Posterior cranial fossa Hypoglossal canal Parietal x 2 Sutures: sagittal, lambdoid, coronal, squamous x 2 Temporal x 2 Squamous region Mandibular fossa Tympanic region Petrous region Middle cranial fossa Foramen lacerum Styloid process Mastoid process Sphenoid x 1 Optic canal Greater wings Lesser wings Sella turcica Ethmoid x 1 Crista galli Cribriform plate Perpendicular plate Stylomastoid foramen Alveolar sockets Carotid canal Zygomatic process Jugular foramen External acoustic meatus Internal acoustic meatus Pterygoid process Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Labyrinth Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha *Orbit x 2 1

2 Facial bones Nasal x 2 *Nasal cavity x 2 Superior, middle & inferior meatus Lacrimal x 2 Palatine x 2 Perpendicular plate Paranasal sinuses Lacrimal fossa Horizontal plate Vomer x 1 Inferior nasal concha x 2 Hyoid x 1 Greater horn Lesser horn Mandible x 1 Alveolar processes Mental foramen Mental protuberance Mandibular angle Mandibular foramen Mandibular notch Mandibular condyle Coronoid process Condylar process Ramus Maxilla x 1 Hard palate Zygomatic process Inferior orbital fissure Alveolar processes Infraorbital foramen Palatine process... Zygomatic x 2 Zygomatic arch *Fontanelles 2

3 Axial skeleton bones and markings, continued Thorax Costal cartilage Ribs x 24 True (1 7) x 2 False (8,9,10) x 2 Floating (11, 12) x 2 Sternum x 1 Manubrium Xiphoid process Vertebrae /shaft Costal grove Clavicular notch Jugular notch Sternal angle Neck Tubercle Angle Xiphisternal joint Anatomy of a single vertebra Arch Pedicle Lamina Spinous process Transverse process Vertebral foramen Superior articular process Inferior articular process Intervertebral foramen Intervertebral discs Vertebral column Cervical x 7 Bifid Transverse foramena Atlas Anterior arch Posterior arch Lateral masses Axis Dens Thoracic x 12 Superior, transverse, inferior costal facet Lumbar x 5 Sacrum x 5 (fused) Median sacral crest Transverse ridges Sacral foramina Lateral sacral crest Sacral promontory Sacral canal Ala Sacral hiatus Coccyx x 4 (fused) *Spinal curvatures Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral 3

4 Appendicular skeleton bones and markings Pectoral girdle Scapula x 2 Spine Acromion Coracoid process Glenoid fossa Superior angle Inferior angle Lateral angle Clavicle x 2 Acromial end Acromioclavicular joint Superior border Lateral border Medial border Infraspinous fossae Supraspinous process Subscapular process Suprascapular notch Sternal end Sternoclavicular joint Upper limbs Humerus x 2 Deltoid tuberosity Olecranon fossa Intertubercular sulcus Anatomical neck Surgical neck Radial groove Trochlea Radius x 2 Styloid process Ulna x 2 Olecranon Styloid process Trochlear notch Coronoid process Capitulum Coronoid fossa Radial fossa Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Lesser tubercle Greater tubercle Radial tuberosity Ulnar notch Proximal radioulnar joint Distal radioulnar joint Radial notch Carpals (know all 8 individual) Metacarpals x 5 Phalanges x 14 Pollex x 2 Proximal Numbered 1-5 lateral (hallux) to medial (pinky) Distal Fingers x 8 Proximal Medial Distal 4

5 Pelvic girdle Appendicular skeleton bones and markings, continued Identify the differences between and pelvic bones inlet is larger and more circular ilia flare more laterally sacrum is shorter and less curved ischial spines are shorter and farther apart; thus the outlet is larger pubic arch is more rounded because the angle of the pubic arch is greater Coxal bone or hip bone Ilium x 2 Acetabulum Pelvic brim Iliac crest Sacroiliac joint Ala Iliac fossa Auricular surface Greater sciatic notch Arcuate line Ischium x 2 Acetabulum Obturator foramen Ischial ramus Pubis x 2 Acetabulum Obturator foramen Pubic tubercle Pubic arch Subpubic angle *Pelvic spaces False pelvis True pelvis Lower limbs Pelvic inlet Pelvic outlet Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity Superior ramus Inferior ramus Pubic crest Pubic symphysis Pelvic brim Lesser sciatic notch Femur x 2 Neck Patellar groove Fovea capitis Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric line Intertrochanteric crest Gluteal tuberosity Linea aspera Lateral condyle Medial condyle Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Intercondylar fossa Tibia x 2 Lateral condyle Medial condyle Anterior border Tibial tuberosity Medial malleolus Fibular notch Intercondylar eminence 5

6 Fibula x 2 Lateral malleolus Patella x 2 Tarsals (know all 7 individual) Metatarsals x 5 Phalanges x 14 Hallux x 2 Proximal Numbered 1-5 medial (pollex) to lateral (pinky) Distal Toes x 8 Proximal Medial Distal * These are structures associated with the corresponding skeletal regions, but are not bones themselves. 6