Katedra psychológie Filozofická fakulta UK Bratislava EMOCIONALITY A MOTIVÁCIÍ EMOTIONALITY AND MOTIVATION

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1 Universidad Complutense Madrid Katedra psychológie Filozofická fakulta UK Bratislava Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV OSOBNOS V KONTEXTE KOGNÍCIÍ, EMOCIONALITY A MOTIVÁCIÍ PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF COGNITION, EMOTIONALITY AND MOTIVATION Medzinárodná konferencia International Conference november 2007, Bratislava Kniha abstraktov Book of abstracts Odborní garanti/ Scientific Board: Doc. PhDr. Igor Brezina, PhD. Prof. PhDr. Anton Heretik, PhD. Prof. PhDr. Imrich Ruisel, DrSc. Organizaèný výbor/ Organizing Committee: PhDr. Daniela Èechová, PhD. PhDr. Vladimír Burèík, PhD. PhDr. Jana Benedikovièová Mgr. Viera Cviková, PhD. Mgr. David Lupták Doc. PhDr. Eva Szobiová, PhD. Mgr. Lenka Golecká 1

2 OSOBNOS V KONTEXTE KOGNÍCIÍ, EMOCIONALITY A MOTIVÁCIÍ PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF COGNITION, EMOTIONALITY AND MOTIVATION Medzinárodná konferencia International Conference november 2007, Bratislava Kniha abstraktov Book of abstracts 2

3 Osobnos v kontexte kognícií, emocionality a motivácií Personality in the Context of Cognition, Emotionality and Motivation Medzinárodná konferencia, november 2007, Bratislava International Conference, November 2007, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Kniha abstraktov Book of abstracts Zostavili: PhDr. Daniela Èechová, PhD., Mgr. Lenka Golecká Vydanie tejto publikácie bolo financované z grantu Catedra Dubcek výskumného projektu, sponzorovaného Universidad Complutense Madrid pre Univerzitu Komenského.v Bratislave. Katedra psychológie FiF UK v Bratislave Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV v Bratislave Vydal: STIMUL, Bratislava, 2007 Anglická korektúra: PhDr. Margita Marczellová ISBN: EAN:

4 OBSAH/ CONTENTS Vyžiadané prednášky/ Keynote Lectures... 5 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations Postery/ Posters

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6 Vyžiadané prednášky/ Keynote Lectures Blatný, Marek, Prof., PhDr., CSc., Jelínek, Martin, Osecká, Tereza, Preiss, Marek Psychologický ústav AV ÈR, Brno Celoživotní stabilita rysù v kontextu Cloningerova modelu osobnosti Studie se zabývá vztahem mezi chováním dítìte v batolecím období a osobnostními rysy v dospìlosti. Výzkumný soubor tvoøilo 83 osob (35 mužù a 48 žen ve vìku let), kteøí se úèastnili longitudinálního výzkumu dìtí, a kteøí se rozhodli participovat v navazující studii dospìlých. Pouze dìtská inhibovanost vykazuje urèitý vztah k osobnostním rysùm v dospìlosti: inhibovanost souvisí pøedevším s rysem Vyhýbání se poškození, konkrétnì s facetami Starosti/ Pesimismus a Obavy z nejistoty. Klíèová slova: stabilita osobnosti, temperament, predikce, Cloninger, TCI Lifelong stability of traits in the context of Cloninger s model of personality The study deals with the prediction of adult personality from behaviors observed in the nursling and toddler stages. The sample consisted of 83 participants (35 men and 48 women aged from 38 to 44 years) who had taken part in the longitudinal research of children and agreed to participate in the follow-up study of adults. Only the child inhibition was shown to be a significant predictor of adult personality characteristics: the inhibition is connected to the Harm Avoidance trait mainly namely the facets of Worry/Pessimism and Fear of Uncertainty. Key words: personality stability, temperament, prediction, Cloninger, TCI Fernández-Villanueva, Concepción Maria, Dr., Ms., Revilla, Juan Carlos, Domínguez-Bilbao, Roberto Fac. CC. Políticas y Sociología, Dpto. Psicología Social, Universidad Complutense de Madrid cfvillanueva@cps.ucm.es Emócie a vnímanie násilia v televízii: rozhovor s divákmi Literatúra o vplyvoch násilia skúma emócie v kontexte perspektívneho osvojenia si násilného správania alebo vyvolávania strachu, èi zníženia citlivosti. Daný poh¾ad nesprávne pochopil divákovu interpretáciu násilných scén. Význam násilných scén, napriek tomu, predstavuje pre diváka základný rozmer v podpore rôznych emócií. Prezentovaná štúdia skúma emócie a morálne reakcie pri rozlièných násilných scénach a televíznych programoch z diskurzívneho poh¾adu na emócie. Analýzou diskurzívnej produkcie ôsmich skúmaných skupín vyrovnaného veku, 6

7 Vyžiadané prednášky/ Keynote Lectures pohlavia a vzdelania sme urèili pomerne komplexný emocionálny vplyv násilia. Tento emocionálny vplyv by mal by rozdelený do troch typov emócií: a) jednoduchá (negatívna alebo ambivalentná) mobilizácia emócií; b) trvalé emocionálne stavy; c) morálne postoje, predovšetkým city viny a morálna zodpovednos za obete. Detailne opisujeme tieto tri dimenzie a rozdiely v súlade s charakteristikami divákov. Výsledky poukazujú na emocionálne odchýlky v závislosti od rôznych programov (realita alebo fikcia), emocionálneho spojenia s identitou divákov, od identifikácie s obe ami a morálneho hodnotenia aktov násilia (legitimácia). Na záver, dimenzia svedkov zohráva dôležitú úlohu v postojoch týkajúcich sa regulácie zobrazovaného násilia. K¾úèové slová: televízia, násilie, vnímanie divákov, emócie Emotions and reception of television violence: the discourse of viewers The literature on the effects of violence has considered emotions in the context of the perspective of learning the violent behaviour or causing fear or desensitization. This perspective misconsiders the viewer s interpretations of violence scenes. Nevertheless, the meaning of violent scenes for viewers is a basic dimension in promoting different emotions. The present study explores emotions and moral reactions due to diverse scenes and different programs of TV violence from a discursive point of view. Analysing the discursive production of eight samples balanced in age, sex and education level we have identified quite a complex emotional impact of violence. This emotional impact should be classified into three types of emotions: a) simple (negative or ambivalent) mobilization of emotions; b) persisting emotional states; c) moral positions, particularly guilty feelings and moral responsibility for victims. The three dimensions and the differences have been described in detail, in accord with the viewer characteristics. The results have shown emotional divergences according to different programs (reality or fiction), emotional connection with the identity of viewers, identification with the victims and moral evaluations of violent acts (legitimation). Finally, the witness dimension plays an important role in the attitudes concerning the regulation of violence presentation. Key words: television, violence, audience reception, emotions Kováè, Damián, Prof., PhDr., DrSc., Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV, Bratislava expsdamk@savba.sk Realita a výskum ako prelínajúci sa systém. Platí to aj v psychológii? Môže by psychológ úspešný v zadaní psychodiagnostika, ak by klienta (jeho psychický problém) spoznal len z údajov jeho výpovedí? Takisto, môže by psychológ úspešný v ašpirácii poodhali psychologickú podstatu zvoleného výskumného fenoménu (psychologického problému), keï na jeho identifikáciu a osvetlenie použije jeden, dva, èi viac dotazníkov?! 7

8 Vyžiadané prednášky/ Keynote Lectures Odpovede na uvedené otázky vyús ujú do zásadnej kritiky psychologického výskumu v súèasnosti nielen u nás, ale aj v okolí (pozri èo i len abstrakty príspevkov na X. Európsky kongres psychológie r. 2007). Èo však možno (treba) uskutoèni pre to, aby psychológia ostala jednou z moderných vied a nie profánnym rozprávaním o tých, èi oných príbehoch jednotlivcov? Naznaèia sa viaceré stratégie novodobej renesancie èloveka v psychicky regulovanom správaní systémovými prístupmi. K¾úèové slová: psychológia, systémová teória, psychoregulaèná paradigma, interpretácia metód Reality and research as a permeating system is it true also in psychology? Can a psychologist be successful in the role of a psychodiagnostician if he knows the clients (their psychological problems) from their self-reports only? Similarly, can a psychologist be successful in aspiring to reveal the psychological basis of the chosen research phenomenon (psychological problem), if he uses only one, two or more questionnaires for its identification?! Answers to the above questions lead to a serious criticism of contemporary psychological research, not only in Slovakia, but elsewhere as well (see the abstracts for the Xth European Psychology Congress in 2007). However, what can (must) be done to maintain psychology as one of the modern sciences and not just a profane narration on these or those stories of individuals? Several strategies of modern renaissance of psychology will be indicated, especially the holistic research of man in a psychologically regulated behaviour using system approaches. Key words: psychology, system theory, psychoregulation paradigma, methodological integration Lovaš, Ladislav, Prof., PhDr., CSc. Katedra psychológie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika, Košice ladislav.lovas@upjs.sk Agresia a sebakontrola Agresívne správanie úzko súvisí so sebakontrolou. Jej súèas ou je schopnos èloveka stlmi vyprovokovanú tendenciu zaútoèi na inú osobu. Predmetom nášho záujmu bola z tejto problematiky otázka, èo je dôvodom stlmenia vyprovokovanej agresivity v konkrétnych situáciách. Zároveò sme chceli zisti, èi obsah zdôvodòovania stlmenia vyprovokovanej tendencie súvisí so všeobecne chápanou úrovòou sebakontroly. U 117 úèastníkov výskumu sme zis ovali prostredníctvom dotazníka zdôvodòovanie stlmenia vyprovokovanej tendencie zaútoèi a prostredníctvom dotazníka SSC (Self-control Scale) mieru sebakontroly. Prezentované sú údaje týkajúce sa frekvencie výskytu rôznych spôsobov zdôvodòovania tlmenia agresivity, ich faktorovej analýzy a súvisu s mierou sebakontroly (SSC). K¾úèové slová: agresia, sebakontrola, inhibícia agresie 8

9 Vyžiadané prednášky/ Keynote Lectures Aggression and self-control Aggressive behavior is tied with self-control. One of its parts is the individual s ability to inhibit the evoked tendency to hurt somebody. The question is what is the reason of inhibition of the tendency to hurt someone in concrete aggression provoking situations. In this context different reasoning of aggressive behavior inhibition and its correlation with general self-control was tested. 117 participants completed the measures of reasoning of the aggressive behavior inhibition (16 items) and self-control (Self-control Scale, Tangney, Baumeister, Boone). The frequency of occurrence of 16 ways of inhibition reasoning is presented as well as its factor analysis. Correlational analysis partly confirmed the relationship between the general self-control and the reasoning of inhibition of the evoked tendency to hurt someone. Key words: aggression, self-control, aggression inhibition Nicoll, William G., Ph. D. Florida Atlantic University, Florida, USA nicoll@fau.edu Vynorenie paradigmatického posunu v psychoterapii: znovuobjavenie Adlerovej individuálnej psychológie Poèas nieko¾kých posledných desa roèí sa v oblasti psychológie a psychoterapie zaèal vynára pomalý, ale zrete¾ný kopernikovský posun. Paradigma sa posúva od tradiènej psychoterapeutickej zameranosti na psychopatológiu smerom k zameranosti na rezilienciu, duševné zdravie, s fokusovaním na analýzu, prevenciu a lieèbu. Toto hnutie je podstatným návratom k centrálnej premise individuálnej psychológie Alfreda Adlera alebo jej znovuobjavením. V kontexte Adlerových základných konceptov životného štýlu (štýlu osobnosti), citu spolupatriènosti (gemeinschaftsgefuhl), spoloèenskej zaèlenenosti a úèelovosti bude diskutovaná vynárajúca sa paradigma reziliencie a výskumu, ktorý ju podporuje. Rovnako budú preskúmané implikácie tejto paradigmy pre analýzu a lieèbu v psychoterapii, ako aj pre primárne, sekundárne a terciárne preventívne intervencie pri formovaní zdravej, rezilientnej osobnosti. K¾úèové slová: reziliencia, zdravá osobnos, Adler, individuálna psychológia The Emerging Paradigm Shift in Psychotherapy: Rediscovering Adler s Individual Psychology Over the past few decades, a slow but distinct Copernican shift has begun to emerge in the fields of psychology and psychotherapy. The paradigm moves away from the psychopathology-based focus of traditional psychotherapy and towards resiliency-based focus, mental health focus, or the focus to assessment, prevention and treatment. This movement represents an essential return to, or rediscovery of, the central premise of Alfred Adlers s Individual Psychology. The emerging resiliency paradigm and the supporting research will be discussed in the context of Adler s basic concepts of Lifestyle (personality style), Social 9

10 Vyžiadané prednášky/ Keynote Lectures Interest (gemeinschaftsgefuhl), Social Embeddedness and Purposiveness. Implications for assessment and treatment in psychotherapy as well as for primary, secondary and tertiary preventive interventions in the formation of the healthy, resilient personality will also be explored. Key words: resiliency, healthy personality, Adler, individual psychology Ritomský, Alojz, Doc., PhDr., CSc., Sirota, Miroslav, Mgr., Ústav aplikovanej psychológie, Fakulta sociálnych a ekonomických vied, Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava alojz.ritomsky@fses.uniba.sk H 0 : Rozumieme štatistickej signifikancii (p < 0,05)? Zis ovanie štatistickej signifikancie je bežná prax v psychologickom výskume. Napriek rozšírenému používaniu èasto dochádza k dezinterpretáciám toho, èo vlastne výsledná p-hodnota znamená. V príspevku prezentujeme mieru pochopenia štatistickej signifikancie u študentov a odborníkov v našich podmienkach. Konkrétne ide o dezinterpretácie, v ktorých sa p-hodnota interpretuje ako dôkaz alebo pravdepodobnos na zamietnutie alebo prijatie štatistických, èi meritórnych hypotéz. Získané výsledky sme porovnali s podobnými štúdiami v zahranièí. K¾úèové slová: štatistická signifikancia, podmienená pravdepodobnos H 0 : Do we understand what statistical significance means (p < 0,05)? Statistical significance computing is a routine practice in psychological research. In spite of its widespread usage, there exist lots of misunderstandings as to the actual meaning of the p-value. The paper presents the standard of understanding of the concept by our students and experts. Specifically, we are concerned with misunderstandings of the p-value, when it is interpreted as a proof or probability for rejecting or accepting statistical or substantial hypotheses. The obtained empirical data were compared with similar studies abroad. Key words: statistical significance, conditional probability Ruisel, Imrich, Prof., PhDr., DrSc. Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV, Bratislava expsrui@savba.sk Pragmatické teórie múdrosti Súèasné teórie múdrosti možno rozdeli na pragmatické a epistemické, ktoré reprezentujú dva protikladné svetonázory európskej kultúry. Pragmatické teórie kladú dôraz na poznanie ako ži v rôznych etických perspektívach. Múdros je nástroj, ktorý možno použi pri úsilí preži tzv. dobrý život s oh¾adom na seba i druhých. Epistemické teórie upozoròujú na limitáciu ¾udského úsilia, najmä s oh¾adom na poznanie reality. Kladú dôraz na bezmocnos èloveka a jeho obmedzené možnosti. Berlínska paradigma múdrosti definuje múdros ako 10

11 Vyžiadané prednášky/ Keynote Lectures expertnos v pragmatike života v službách dobra pre jednotlivca i jeho okolie. Teória rovnováhy predpokladá, že praktická inteligencia na vysokej úrovni slúži k zrovnovážneniu rôznych záujmov v úsilí o dosiahnutie všeobecného dobra. K¾úèové slová: múdros, epistemické teórie, pragmatické teórie Pragmatic theories of wisdom The present theories of wisdom represent two main approaches, namely the pragmatic and the epistemic approach, representing two opposing world views in the Western culture. Pragmatic theories lay emphasis on the know-how of living in an ethical perspective. Wisdom is the instrument to be used for living the socalled good life, with respect to oneself and to others. Epistemic theories highlight the limitations of human endeavors, especially with respect to the knowledge of reality. They put emphasis on our powerlessness and on restrictions in our capacity to act on reality. The Berlin wisdom paradigm defines the wisdom as the expertise in the pragmatics of life, serving the good for the individual and the others. The balance theory assumes that high-level practical intelligence serves to balance different types of interests in order to reach the common good. Key words: wisdom, pragmatic and epistemic approach Smékal, Vladimír, Prof., PhDr., CSc. Institut pro výzkum dìtí, mládeže a rodiny, Fakulta sociálních studií, Masarykova univerzita, Brno smekal@fss.muni.cz Princip konkretismu v psychologii osobnosti Konkretismus z hlediska filosofického a sociálního jako protiklad abstrakcionismu. Pokus o konkrétní logiku T. G. Masaryka a význam tohoto díla pro souèasnou psychologii osobnosti. Paradigmatické pojetí konkretismu u J. T. Lamiela a pojetí osobnosti jako konkrétného živého èlovìka u A. Jurovského. Výzvy konkrétného chápání osobnosti souèasné metodologii a psychodiagnostice. Osobnost jako autorství èinù a osobnost jako smysl života èlovìka a zpùsob jeho realizace v životním stylu jsou dvì cesty využití principu konkretismu v psychologickém myšlení o osobnosti. Klíèová slova: konkretismus, abstrakcionismus, paradigma a osobnost, autorství èinù, smysl života, životní styl Principle of concretism in psychology of personality Philosophical and social aspects of concretism as the opposite of abstractionism. An attempt at concrete logic by T. G. Masaryk and the significance of this work for contemporary personality psychology. Paradigmatic conception of concretism by J. T. Lamiel and the conception of personality as a concrete live person by A. Jurovský. Challenges of concrete understanding of personality for contemporary methodology and psychodiagnostics. Personality as an authorship of deeds and 11

12 Vyžiadané prednášky/ Keynote Lectures personality as a meaning of one s life and a way of its realisation in one s life style - they are the two ways of application of the concretism principle in psychological consideration of personality. Key words: concretism, abstractionism, paradigm and personality, authorship of deeds, meaning in life, life style 12

13 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations Baranovská, Andrea, PhD. Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda, Trnava andrea.baranovska@azet.sk Agresia a agresívne správanie u detí Súèasnos priniesla okrem nových poznatkov a vynálezov aj zvýšenie prejavov agresie a agresivity, a to už ve¾mi skoro. Agresívne správanie môžeme pozorova v zvýšenej miere už u detí predškolského veku. Jedná sa jednak o agresiu zameranú navonok smerom k uèite¾om v MŠ alebo vrstovníkom, alebo tiež o agresiu zameranú smerom dovnútra. Vo ve¾kej miere je to podmienené štýlom života rodiny die a a vplyv médií, štýl výchovy, poèítaèové hry, rozprávky, ktoré die a pozerá. Nezrelos die a a nedovo¾uje v plnej miere využi metódy korigovania agresivity, ako je diskusia, rozhovor, názornos, rovnako ako to znemožòuje rozpozna die a u, èo je reálne a èo je fikcia, a teda neuskutoènite¾né. Opakovaným výskumom, ktorý bol použitý už v roku 1976, sme sa pokúsili zisti, ako sa zmenili prejavy agresívneho správania u detí po kvalitatívnej a kvantitatívnej stránke. K¾úèové slová: agresia, agresívne správanie, deti v predškolskom veku, experiment, výskum Child s aggression and aggressive behavior The present times have contributed with lots of new knowledge and inventions but also a higher degree of aggression. The increase of aggressive behavior can be observed in very early stages of life in pre-school age children even. It may be either outwardly oriented aggression to teachers or other children or inwardly oriented one. It is conditioned by the life style of the child s family influence of the media, upbringing styles, PC games, fairy-tales watched by the child. The child s immaturity makes it impossible to use the methods of aggression correction such as discussion, or interview, with the child being unable to distinguish reality from fiction. With the repetition of the 1976 experiment we tried to identify the changes that have taken place in child s aggression from both the quantitative and qualitative aspects. Key words: aggression, aggressive behavior, pre-school age, experiment, research Baumgartner, František, Doc., PhDr., CSc., Ištvániková, Lucia, Mgr. Spoloèenskovedný ústav SAV, Košice istvanik@saske.sk K tematike vz ahu sociálnej a emocionálnej inteligencie Koncepty sociálnej a emocionálnej inteligencie sú obsahovo ve¾mi blízke. 13

14 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations Možno preto uvažova o tom, èi ide o dva alebo len jeden koncept. V príspevku analyzujeme ich vz ah na základe výsledkov empirického výskumu, v ktorom sme použili dotazníky TSIS (k meraniu sociálnej inteligencie) a ECI (k meraniu emocionálnej inteligencie). Výskumnú vzorku tvorili makléri dvoch maklérskych spoloèností pôsobiacich na slovenskom trhu. Zistenia z výskumu potvrdzujú podobnos oboch konceptov, poukazujú však aj na niektoré odlišnosti. Výsledky sú interpretované v kontexte štúdia osobnosti. K¾úèové slová: sociálna inteligencia, emocionálna inteligencia, osobnos Social intelligence in relation to emotional intelligence The contents of the concepts of social and emotional intelligence are very similar. The question may arise whether they should be considered as one or two different concepts. In our contribution, using results of empirical research, we have made an analysis of the relationship between social and emotional intelligence. We have used the scale TSIS (Tromso Social Intelligence Scale) and the questionnaire ECI (The Emotional Competence Inventory). The research sample consists of brokers from two broker companies acting in the Slovak market. The results of research are supporting similarity, but also some differences of both kinds of intelligence. The outcomes are interpreted in the context of the study of personality. Key words: social intelligence, emotional intelligence, personality Belovièová, Zuzana, Mgr., Sollár, Tomáš, PhDr., PhD. Ústav aplikovanej psychológie, Fakulta sociálnych vied a zdravotníctva, Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa, Nitra zbelovicova@gmail.com Komparácia použitia farieb ako indikátora emocionality vo Viacdimenzionálnom kresebnom teste a Lüscherovom farbovom teste Vo¾bu farieb ako indikátor prežívania a emocionality jednotlivca využíva nieko¾ko projektívnych testov. Vo výskume porovnávame indikátory emocionality prostredníctvom práce s farbami v Blochovom Viacdimendzionálnom kresebnom teste (MDZT) a v Lüscherovom farbovom teste. Cie¾om je porovnanie oboch metodík z h¾adiska spôsobu využívania a interpretácie farieb, ako aj ich príspevku k celkovému obrazu osobnosti jednotlivca. Zároveò, štúdia predstavuje èas validizaèného procesu oboch testov. K¾úèové slová: emocionalita, farby, psychodiagnostika Comparison of the use of colours as an indicator of emotionality in Multidimensional drawing test and Lüscher colour test There are several projective tests employing the choice of colours as an indicator of person s emotionality. The study compares the indicators of emotionality by means of the choice of colours in Bloch s Multidimensional Drawing Test (MDZT) and Lüscher Colour Test. 14

15 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations The goal of the study is to compare both tests from the perspective of their use and interpretation of colours, as well as their contribution to the complex personality portrait. Besides, the study forms a part of validization process of both the tests. Key words: emotionality, colours, psychodiagnostic Bratská, Mária, Doc., PhDr., CSc. Katedra psychológie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava madabra@stonline.sk Príprava na život programom Riešenie a zvládanie zá ažových situácií Cie¾om príspevku je prispie k poznaniu, konštruktívnemu riešeniu i efektívnemu zvládaniu situácií psychickej zá aže. Autorka vychádza z výsledkov a skúseností, ktoré v tejto zaujímavej problematike získala poèas takmer tridsa šes roènej práce. Považuje ju za èiastkový príspevok pre všetkých záujemcov o prípravu i aplikáciu vhodných postupov a programov zameraných na facilitovanie zdrojov konštruktívnych foriem riešenia situácií psychickej zá aže a efektívneho zvládania zá aže predovšetkým v medzi¾udských vz ahoch, o utváranie sociálnych, emocionálnych a morálnych spôsobilostí prehlbujúcich odolnos proti zá aži. K¾úèové slová: príprava na život, zá ažové situácie, program Riešenie a zvládanie zá ažových situácií Preparation for life and the Programme of Stress Situation Ssolving and Coping The author s goal is to contribute to the understanding, constructive solving and effective coping with psychic load situations. Her starting-point forms her experience and results obtained during almost thirty-six years of her work with this interesting topic. It is her contribution for all those interested in the development and application of suitable procedures and programmes aiming at facilitation of the resources and constructive forms of solving the psychic load situations and effective coping with the load, especially in interpersonal relations, as well as in the formation of social, emotional and moral capabilities reinforcing the resistance to the load. Key words: preparation for life, stress situations, Programme of Stress Situation Solving and Coping Brezina, Igor, Doc., PhDr., PhD. Katedra psychológie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava brezina@fphil.uniba.sk Psychická zá až, kognitívne procesy a psychofyziológia Na základe klasického psychologického experimentálneho plánu, štúdia poskytuje analýzu, ktorá sa orientuje na zmeny vo výkone pozornostného, vigilanèného a pamä ového výkonu pod vplyvom psychickej zá aže 15

16 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations a nepriaznivých fyzikálnych podnetov z okolia. Poukazuje tiež na psychofyziologické zmeny spôsobené zá ažou. Experiment je realizovaný v rámci vedecko-výskumného grantu AVP, v spolupráci s STU a LF UK. K¾úèové slová: kognitívne procesy, zá až, psychofyziológia Psychic stress, cognitive processes, psycho-physiology Based on the classical psychological experimental plan, the study provides the analysis oriented to changes in the attention, vigilance and memory performance under the influence of psychic stress and unfavourable environmental physical stimuli. The study points out also the psycho-physiological changes caused by stress. The experiment has been done within the scientific grant of AVP, in cooperation with the Slovak Technical University and the Faculty of Medicine of the Comenius University. Key words: cognitive processes, stress, psycho-physiology Brezina, Ivan, Mgr. Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV, Bratislava expsivan@savba.sk Kognitívne charakteristiky múdreho èloveka cez prizmu kultúry Je prototyp múdreho èloveka univerzálny? Do akej miery sa jeho kognitívne charakteristiky zhodujú u posudzovate¾ov z rozlièných kultúr? Aj na tieto??èo?? poskytujeme v príspevku aspoò èiastkové odpovede, vychádzajúce z empirických dát výberu nábožensky, etnicky a jazykovo diverznej populácie študentov 11 univerzít ázijského kontinentu. K¾úèové slová: múdros, kultúra, kognície Cognitive characteristics of wisdom through the prism of culture Can we speak about the universal prototype of a wise person? Up to what extent would cognitive characteristics of wise persons vary in different cultural backgrounds? The paper aims at providing at least partial answers to the above questions and it approaches other selected topics within the concept of wisdom and culture, using empirical data out of the sample of religiously and ethnically diverse population of Asian students (11 universities). Key words: wisdom, culture, cognition Cviková, Viera, Mgr., PhD., Mižáková, Eva, Mgr., Skybová, Katarína, PhDr. Katedra psychológie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava cvikova@fphil.uniba.sk Psychosociálne faktory nadváhy Práca skúma vz ahy medzi nadváhou, sebaúctou, vz ahovou väzbou a osobnostnými dimenziami pä faktorového modelu osobnosti. Úroveò sebaúcty 16

17 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations bola meraná s použitím Rosenbergovej škály sebaúcty. Na urèenie vz ahovej väzby v detstve sme použili skrátenú formu dotazníka na zis ovanie zapamätaného rodièovského správania E.M.B.U, ktorý sa skladá z troch škál: Odmietnutie, Emocionálna vrelos a Hyperprotektivita a rozlišuje správanie matky a otca. Osobnostné dimenzie Neuroticizmus, Extraverzia, Otvorenos, Prívetivos a Svedomitos boli merané osobnostným dotazníkom NEO FFI. Výskumu sa zúèastnilo 45 klientov štúdia Kompliment. Výsledky potvrdili vplyv Hyperprotektivity matky na nadváhu. Naznaèený bol negatívny vz ah medzi nadváhou a sebaúctou, hoci nebol štatisticky významný. Potvrdené boli aj niektoré ïalšie vz ahy medzi sebaúctou, osobnostnými dimenziami pä faktorového modelu a vz ahovou väzbou. K¾úèové slová: nadváha, sebaúcta, vz ahová väzba, osobnostné dimenzie pä faktorového modelu Psychosocial factors of overweight The present study explores relationships between overweight, self-esteem, attachment and personality dimensions of the Five Factor Model of personality. The level of self-esteem was measured using Rosenberg scale of self-esteem. To determine the attachment in childhood we used a short form of the measure of perceived parental rearing behavior - E.M.B.U - consisting of three scales: Rejection, Emotional Warmth and Overprotection, and differentiating between the rearing behavior of mother and father. Personality dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were measured by NEO FFI questionnaire. 45 clients of the studio Kompliment participated in the research. The results confirmed the influence of mother s overprotection on overweight. The reversed relationship between self-esteem and overweight was indicated, but it was not significant. Moreover, there were some other relations confirmed between self-esteem, personality dimensions of the Five Factor Model and the attachment. Key words: overweight, self-esteem, attachment, personality dimensions of the Five Factor Model Èavojová, Vladimíra, PaedDr., PhD., Mikušková, Eva, Mgr. Ústav aplikovanej psychológie, Fakulta sociálnych vied a zdravotníctva, Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa, Nitra vcavojova@gmail.com Osobnos Róma v kontexte kognícií a motivácie: implicitné koncepcie Rodièia ovplyvòujú svoje deti najmä tým, ako sa správajú. Deti pozorujú úspešných ¾udí vo svojom prostredí a vytvárajú si pomerne komplexné implicitné teórie úspechu. Najmä v rómskej rodine sú implicitné teórie dôležité, keïže chýba výchova v klasickom (nerómskom) zmysle, deti sa uèia prevažne imitáciou èinnosti starších. V príspevku prezentujeme predbežný prieskum vnímania úspechu, resp. inteligentného správania rómskymi rodièmi a z toho vyplývajúcich potrebných 17

18 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations vlastností a zruèností detí pomocou pološtruktúrovaných rozhovorov a focusových skupín s neintegrovanými Rómami. K¾úèové slová: implicitné teórie, inteligencia, adaptívne zruènosti, rómske deti, motivácia Roma Personality in the context of cognitions and motivation: implicit theories Parents influence their children by their own behaviour mainly. Children observe successful people in their environment and they form fairly complex implicit theories of success. Especially in Roma families these unconscious implicit theories are very important, since in the Roma family the conventional (in the non-roma sense) education is absent and children learn by imitation of the elders mostly. This article presents the preliminary research of perception of the success and intelligent behaviour and the required characteristics and skills of Roma children, by means of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with non-integrated Roma adults. Key words: implicit theories, intelligence, adaptive skills, Roma children, motivation Danišková, Klaudia, PaedDr., PhD. Katedra psychológie, Filozofická fakulta, Katolícka univerzita, Ružomberok daniskova@fphil.ku.sk, klaudikada@fyahoo.com Motivaèné aspekty v kontexte nadania Príspevok sa zaoberá aspektmi motivácie vo vz ahu k špecifickému druhu pohybového a výtvarného nadania. Sledovali sme, èi má nadanie (výtvarné a pohybové) vplyv na vnútornú motiváciu a na motiváciu k tvorivosti. Výberový súbor tvorilo 146 participantov, 57 mužského pohlavia a 89 ženského pohlavia. Zistili sme, že výtvarne nadaní sú vnútorne motivovanejší ako bežná populácia, aj ako pohybovo nadaní. Výtvarné, ani pohybové nadanie sa neprejavilo vo zvýšenej motivácii k tvorivosti, èo môžeme pripísa málo podnetnému školskému prostrediu. Zo zistení nášho výskumu usudzujeme, že je potrebné zvyšova motiváciu k tvorivosti nielen u nadanej populácie, ale aj u bežnej populácie študentov. K¾úèové slová: vnútorná motivácia, motivácia k tvorivosti, výtvarné nadanie, pohybové nadanie, figurálna tvorivos, pohybová tvorivos Aspects of motivation in the context of giftedness The article deals with the aspects of motivation in the context of motion and creative art giftedness. We studied if there is an influence of giftedness (creative art and motion) on intrinsic motivation and on motivation to creativity. The research sample consisted of 146 participants, 57 boys and 89 girls. The results have shown that the gifted in creative art are more intrinsically motivated than the rest of the population. Higher motivation to creativity was not shown either with creative art or motion giftedness, perhaps as a result of low stimulating school environment. The research results suggest the necessity to increase the motivation to creativity not only in the gifted students but also within the ordinary population of students. Key words: intrinsic motivation, motivation to creativity, art giftedness, motion giftedness, figural creativity, motion creativity 18

19 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations Dobeš, Marek, PhDr., Ing., PhD. Spoloèenskovedný ústav SAV, Košice Modelovanie kognícií a motivácie umelými prostriedkami Modelovanie ¾udských kognitívnych a motivaèných procesov poèítaèovými prostriedkami je metódou, ktorá nám umožní nový výskumný poh¾ad na naše psychické procesy. Na konkrétnych príkladoch prezentujem, ako môžu by v poèítaèi reprezentované niektoré kategórie, ktoré používame pri štúdiu ¾udskej psychiky. K¾úèové slová: umelá inteligencia, poèítaèové modelovanie, kognícia Modelling cognition and motivation using artificial means Modelling human cognitive and motivational processes using computers is a method providing us with new research insights into our psychological processes. Using concrete examples, the ways of computer representation of certain classical psychological categories are presented. Key words: artificial intelligence, computer modelling, cognition Farkašová, Eva, PhDr., CSc. Výskumný ústav detskej psychológie a patopsychológie, Bratislava farkasova@vudpap.sk Vývinové aspekty v usudzovaní v predškolskom veku Na Slovensku bol v minulom roku štandardizovaný Neverbálny inteligenèný test SON-R 21-7 (autori: P. Tellegen, M. Winkel, B. Wijnberg-Williams, J. Leros) v nadväznosti na medzinárodnú spoluprácu. Test pozostáva zo šiestich subtestov, ktoré sa èlenia do dvoch škál performaènej a usudzovacej. Na základe štandardizaèného výskumu bolo získaných mnoho zaujímavých údajov. V príspevku sa prezentuje èas analýzy škály usudzovania, do ktorej patria subtesty Kategórie, Analógie a Situácie. Pozornos sa zameriava na vývinové h¾adisko v uvedenej oblasti. K¾úèové slová: neverbálny inteligenèný test, vývin, usudzovanie, predškolský vek Developmental aspects in reasoning in the pre-school age The Non-Verbal Intelligence Test SON-R 2½-7 (P. Tellegen, M. Winkel, B. Wijnberg-Williams and J. Leros) was standardized in Slovakia, in consequence of the international co-operation. The test consists of six subtests divided into Performance Scale and Reasoning Scale. A lot of instructive data were obtained on the basis of the standardization research. A part of the Reasonig Scale analysis, where the subtests of Categories, Analogies and Situations belong, is presented. The developmental aspects of this scale are focused in the presentation. Key words: non-verbal intelligence test, development, reasoning, pre-school age 19

20 Gajdošová, Eva, Doc., PhDr., CSc., Herényiová, Gabriela, PhDr., CSc. Katedra psychológie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations Program sociálno-emocionálneho uèenia proti násiliu SECOND STEP v slovenských materských a základných školách Program SECOND STEP je programom sociálno-emocionálneho uèenia proti násiliu v školách prednostne zameraným na redukovanie agresívneho správania žiakov rozvíjaním empatie, zvyšovaním úrovne sebaregulácie negatívnych emócií (najmä hnevu) a efektívnym riešením konfliktov. Prvé výsledky aplikácie programu vo vybraných slovenských základných a materských školách (štátnych, súkromných, špeciálnych, s rómskym etnikom) získané rozhovormi s uèite¾mi a školskými psychológmi, pod supervíziou ktorých sa program v školách realizoval, potvrdzujú, že program je výrazne efektívny. Žiaci si v rámci programu osvojili požadovaný repertoár správania (kognitívne, emocionálne a sociálne zruènosti) a uplatòovali ho v školských podmienkach. Úspešnos programu sa zistila aj u tých žiakov, ktorí majú v škole výchovné problémy a u žiakov vyznaèujúcich sa nápadnými osobitos ami v správaní, ktoré signalizujú asociálny a antisociálny vývin osobnosti. K¾úèové slová: sociáno-emocionálne uèenie, násilie, prevencia Social-Emotional Learning Program Against Violence SECOND STEP in Slovak Nursery and Primary Schools SECOND STEP is a social and emotional learning program against violence for schools oriented to reduction of aggressive behavior in pupils by developing their empathy, increasing their self-management of negative emotions (especially anger) and through effective conflict resolution. The first results of the program application in selected nursery and primary schools (state, private, special and with Roma pupils) obtained from the teachers and school psychologists imply that the program is very effective. The pupils have acquired the appropriate behavior repertoire (cognitive, emotional, social skills) and applied it in the school conditions. The effectiveness of the program was verified also in pupils with behavior difficulties and pupils with socially repellent and antisocial development of personality. Key words: social and emotional learning, violence, prevention Heretik, Anton, Mgr., Heretik, Anton, Prof., PhDr., CSc., Novotný, Vladimír, Prof., MUDr., CSc., Peèeòák, Ján, MUDr., PhD., Ritomský, Alojz, Doc., PhDr., CSc. Katedra psychológie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava aheretik@fphil.uniba.sk Úzkostlivos a zvládacie stratégie: analýza výsledkov zo štúdie EPIA Na základe výsledkov epidemiologickej štúdie vybraných úzkostných porúch v dospelej slovenskej populácii EPIA (N = 1251) analyzujeme vz ah medzi úzkostlivos ou ako osobnostnou èrtou a zvládacími stratégiami. 20

21 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations Metódy: Na posúdenie úrovne úzkostlivosti sme použili STAI, èas X-2; k zvládacím stratégiám sa participanti vyjadrovali v sérii otázok v interview zameraných na oslovenie osôb (napr. príbuzného, doktora), na inštrumentálne stratégie a na hodnotenie efektivity zvolených stratégií. Výsledky: Participanti s vyššou mierou úzkostlivosti, ako spôsob zvládania kontaktovali štatisticky významne èastejšie lekárov a psychológov. Nenašli sme rozdiely vo vz ahu úzkostlivosti a kontaktovaním iných osôb (blízkych, priate¾ov, duchovných) ako stratégie zvládania. Z h¾adiska použitia inštrumentálnych stratégií participanti s nižšou úzkostlivos ou významne èastejšie uvádzali, že využívajú šport a hobby ako spôsob zvládania zá aže. Participanti s vyššou úzkostlivos ou významne èastejšie hodnotili pomoc zo strany blízkych ako neúèinnú. K¾úèové slová: úzkostlivos ako èrta, zvládacie stratégie, epidemiológia Trait-Anxiety and Coping Strategies: analysis of the EPIA study results Based on the results of the epidemiological study of selected anxiety disorders in the adult Slovak population EPIA (N = 1251) the analysis of the relationship between anxiety as a trait and coping strategies is presented. Methods: The trait anxiety was measured by STAI X-2, and the coping strategies on the basis of the participants answers to a series of questions in the interview focused on person-oriented strategies (e.g. addressing a relative, a doctor), instrumental strategies and effectiveness evaluation of the chosen strategies. Results: Participants with higher trait anxiety significantly more often contacted the medical services and psychologists as a part of their coping. No differences between trait anxiety level and contacting other persons were shown. Participants with lower anxiety significantly more often reported sport activities and hobbies as their coping strategies. Participants with higher anxiety significantly more often evaluated the help from relatives as ineffective. Key words: trait anxiety, coping strategies, epidemiology Hlistová, Eva, Mgr. ZŠ Karloveská 61, Bratislava hlista@nextra.sk Kazuistika z procesu krátkodobej adlerovskej psychoterapie Kazuistika tridsa sedemroènej klientky prezentuje proces krátkodobej adlerovskej psychoterapie. Sleduje jednotlivé fázy tohto procesu cez vz ah klient terapeut, behaviorálny opis súèasného problému klientky, urèenie pravidiel v klientkiných sociálnych interakciách, povzbudzovanie a reorientácia chápania súèasných problémov. V prezentovanej kazuistike sú použité niektoré z metód adlerovskej psychoterapie: skúmanie rodinnej atmosféry a rodinná konštelácia, metóda raných spomienok a techniky na reorientáciu. Zameriavame sa na klientovu pozíciu týkajúcu sa poradenstva, na úèelnos reorientácie a na èasový faktor v terapii. Kazuistika vznikla v cviènej terapii v rámci Výcvikového programu v adlerovskej psychoterapii a poradenstve. 21

22 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations K¾úèové slová: krátkodobá adlerovská psychoterapia, behaviorálne stanovisko prezentovaného problému, skryté systematické pravidlá v správaní, reorientácia systému porozumenia správaniu, rodinná konštelácia, rané spomienky, terapeutický vz ah Case study and the process of Adlerian brief psychotherapy The case study of the 37-year-old female client presents the process of the short-term Adlerian psychotherapy. It observes individual phases of the process through the client therapist relationship, behaviour description of the client s current problem, setting rules in the client s social interactions, encouragement and reorientation of understanding the current problems. In the presented case report some methods of the Adlerian psychotherapy are used: investigating the family atmosphere and family constellation, early recollections method and reorientation techniques. We aim at the client s position regarding the counselling, expediency of reorientation and time factor in the therapy. The case study has arisen in the training therapy within the Training programme in Adlerian psychotherapy and counselling. Key words: Adlerian brief psychotherapy, behavioural standpoint of the presented problem, hidden systematic rules of behaviour, reorientation of the behaviour understanding system, family constellation, early recollections, therapeutic relationship Hochelová, Mirina, PhDr. Katedra psychológie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava mirkahochel@centrum.sk By znamená niekam patri : vízia domova u predškolských detí Príspevok je vyhodnotením kresieb a ich verbálneho sprievodného popisu tridsiatich 5 až 6-roèných predškolských detí z bratislavských materských škôl. Deti kreslili domov, ktorý oni vytvoria, až budú dospelí. Z týchto kresieb, na základe zdanlivo jednoduchej inštrukcie a záznamu ich verbálneho komentára, sme získali bohatý materiál o základných atribútoch domova, ktoré sú pre ne dôležité. Prostredníctvom frekvenènej a obsahovej analýzy sme sa dozvedeli, èo má obsahova naozajstný domov, èo v òom nesmie chýba, a èo v òom nemusí by. Je to pokus o sondu do tvorby základných ažiskových hodnôt, ktoré tvoria dnešný detský svet a budú modelova svet budúcnosti. K¾úèové slová: kresba, domov, rodina, dom, zviera, èlovek, veci, krajina, identita, identifikácia, vzor To be means to belong: pre-school children s vision of home The contribution is an evaluation of children s drawings and their accompanying verbal descriptions from 30 five to six years old kindergarten children from Bratislava area. The children were asked to draw a home they would like to live in when they grow up. The pictures, based on the seemingly simplified instruction 22

23 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations and the records of the children s verbal comments, revealed copious material on basic attributes of their homes that are important for them. By means of the frequency and content analysis we have learned what there should not miss and what there must be in the proper home. This is an attempt at a probe into the formation of basic key values that make up the present children s world and that will shape their world in the future. Key words: drawing, home, family, house, animal, person, things, landscape, identity, identification, model Ivanovièová, Michaela, PhDr. Katedra psychologie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Karlova, Praha myska35@hotmail.com Iracionálne presvedèenia v kontexte systémovo interakènej teórie osobnosti u väzòov Štúdia prináša prvú odpoveï na otázku týkajúcu sa prepojenia Ellisových iracionálnych presvedèení a konkrétnych kognitívnych makrosystémov osobnosti definovaných J. Kuhlovou PSI-teóriou, èím ponúka možnos definova iracionálne presvedèenia u väzòov na funkcionálnej úrovni. V korelaènej štúdii, väzni (N = 44), bol administrovaný PSSI Inventár osobnostných štýlov a porúch (Kuhl, Kazén, 2002), holandský Inventár iracionálnych presvedèení IBI (Koopmans a kol., 1994) a slovenská škála na zis ovanie miery iracionality IPA (Kondáš, Kordaèová, 2000). Výsledky poukazujú na vz ahy niektorých osobnostných štýlov, ich kognitívnych makrosystémov a iracionálnych presvedèení u väzòov. K¾úèové slová: iracionálne presvedèenia, väzni, PSI-teória Irrational beliefs in the context of the Personality Systems Interaction Theory in prisoners The study provides the first answers to the question concerning the interconnection between Ellis s irrational beliefs and concrete cognitive personality macrosystems as defined in J. Kuhl s PSI-theory, thereby offering the possibility of defining irrational beliefs in prisoners at the functional level. In a correlational study the PSSI Inventory of personality styles and disorders (Kuhl, Kazén, 2002), the Dutch Inventory of Irrational Beliefs - IBI (Koopmans et al., 1994) and an original Slovak scale for assessing the measure of irrationality - IPA (Kondáš, Kordaèová, 2000) were administered to prisoners (N = 44). The results indicate the relationships of several personality styles, their cognitive macrosystems and irrational beliefs in prisoners. Key words: irrational beliefs, prisoner, PSI-theory 23

24 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations Jakubek, Martin, PhDr., Nagyová, Katarína, Mgr. Katedra psychológie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Komenského, Bratislava Osobnos a hodnotenie reklamných spotov Témou práce je vplyv osobnostných èàt predovšetkým extraverzie a introverzie na hodnotenie reklamných spotov. Cie¾om empirickej èasti je preskúmanie vz ahu medzi osobnostnými charakteristikami spotrebite¾ov, konkrétne v našom prípade extraverzie vs. introverzie, 4 temperamentov vychádzajúcich z dotazníku MB výber slov (SP, SJ, NT, NF) a postojom k znaèke produktov Coca-Cola a Kofola. Posttest sme realizovali kvantitatívnym výskumom v podobe dotazníkov. Jedným z hlavných zistení bolo overenie hypotézy: èi extraverzia a introverzia, ako osobnostná èrta, má vplyv nielen na rozdielne hodnotenie spotov, ale èi zároveò ovplyvòuje aj postoje respondentov, prièom táto hypotéza sa nám potvrdila. K¾úèové slová: osobnos, reklama, MBTI Personality and advertisement spots rating The study deals with the effects of personality traits of extraversion and introversion on the rating of advertising spots. The relation between personality traits of consumers (extroversion vs. introversion and four types of temperaments SP, SJ, NT and NF based on Jungian personality theory) and the attitudes towards soft drink products of Coca-Cola and Kofola marks was investigated. The main finding has confirmed the hypothesis that extroversion vs. introversion as personality traits influence the rating of advertisement spots as well as the attitudes of respondents towards the marks. Key words: personality, advertisement, MBTI Jariabková, Katarína, PhDr., Ruisel, Imrich, Prof., PhDr., DrSc. Kabinet výskumu sociálnej a biologickej komunikácie SAV, Bratislava jariabkova@savba.sk Osobnostné charakteristiky ¾udí s mentálnym postihnutím Skúmanie osobnostných charakteristík jedincov s mentálnym postihnutím je významné pre porozumenie vz ahov medzi poznávacími procesmi a osobnos ou. Môže tiež prinies poznatky využite¾né pri zlepšovaní kvality života a pri zaradení osôb s mentálnym postihnutím do väèšinovej spoloènosti bežnej populácie. Príspevok sa zameriava na osobnostné charakteristiky osôb s mentálnym postihnutím z h¾adiska Piatich ve¾kých osobnostných dimenzií. K¾úèové slová: osobnos, mentálne postihnutie, pä ve¾kých osobnostných dimenzií Personality characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities Research into the personality characteristics of individuals with intellectual disabilities is considered to be important for a better understanding of the relationship between cognitive functioning and personality. Also, this can contribute to the 24

25 Ústne prezentácie/ Oral Presentations improvement of the quality of life and to the social and community inclusion of persons with intellectual disabilities. The study presents an attempt to approach the personality characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities from the perspective of the Big Five personality dimensions. Key words: personality, intellectual disability, Big Five personality dimensions Jurèová, Marta, PhDr., CSc. Ústav experimentálnej psychológie SAV, Bratislava Mýtus tvorivej osobnosti: áno, èi nie? Náh¾ady na podstatu tvorivosti sa výrazne odlišujú v závislosti od toho, èi je rozhodujúca osobnos, jednotlivec, alebo societa, kultúra, historické obdobie, v ktorom tvorca existuje. Chceme tu poukáza na rozdiely personalistického vs. kontextuálneho prístupu k tvorivosti a vysporiada sa s mienkou, že tvorivá osobnos, ako ju ukázala prvá vlna výskumov tvorivosti, je mýtus. K¾úèové slová: tvorivá osobnos Myth of a creative personality: yes or no? Views of the nature of creativity significantly differ, depending on what is considered to be crucial - personality, individual, or society, culture, the historical period the creator lives in. The differences between personalistic vs. contextual approach to creativity will be presented and the opinion that creative personality, as shown in the first wave of creativity research, is just a myth will be dealt with. Key words: creative personality Klimusová, Helena, Mgr., PhD., Burešová, Iva, Mgr., PhD., Svoboda, Mojmír, Prof., PhDr., CSc. Psychologický ústav, Filozofická fakulta, Masarykova univerzita, Brno klim@mail.muni.cz Možnosti objektivních testù osobnosti Cílem našeho pøíspìvku je podat ucelený pøehled možností využití objektivních testù osobnosti ve výzkumné i psychodiagnostické praxi. Objektivní testy osobnosti jsou konstruovány jako specifické metody zkoumání osobnostních charakteristik jedince, kdy je vyšetøovaná osoba vystavena úkolu nebo situaci, pøi jejímž øešení se v jejím chování projeví její osobnostní rysy. Tímto zpùsobem mohou být využívány jak výkonové testy, jejichž výsledky jsou hodnoceny a interpretovány vzhledem k osobnosti, tak i speciálnì vytvoøené metody, mezi nìž se øadí napø. testy adaptability, kognitivních stylù, vytrvalosti a pod. V pøíspìvku se zmíníme také o probíhající psychometrické studii vybraných objektivních testù osobnosti. Klíèová slova: osobnost, psychodiagnostika, objektivní testy osobnosti 25

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