The Relationship between Resiliency and Anxiety with Body Dysmorphic Concern among Adolescent Girls in Tehran

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1 2016, TextRoad Publication ISSN: Jounal of Applied Envionmental and Biological Sciences The Relationship between Resiliency and Anxiety with Body Dysmophic Concen among Adolescent Gils in Tehan Mayam Ghahamani 1, Javad Khalatbai 2* 1 MSc of psychology. Islamic Azad Univesity Tonekabon Banch 2 Assistant Pofesso, Depatment of Psychology Tonekabon, Islamic azad univesity Tonekabon Banch, Factuy of Clinical Psychology ABSTRACT Received: May 2, 2016 Accepted: August 20, 2016 Backgound: Resilience is enumeated as an adjusting facto in the development of mental illness by eseaches and in some scientific liteatue, the ole of esiliency, seemed impotant at dysmophic disode. Also, anxiety is a nificant vaiable that can make a peson susceptible to mental illness. The aim of this study was to investigate the elationship between esiliency and anxiety with body dysmophic concen among adolescent gils in Tehan. Method: This is a coelation study and 120 cases wee selected andomly as the sample. In this study, we have used the Beck Anxiety Inventoy, Conno-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Body Image Concen Inventoy (BICI). The data analyzed by SPSS statistical softwae. Result: Results showed a statistically nificant elationship between esiliency and anxiety with fea of defomity in adolescent gils. Discussion and conclusion: The esults show that the anxiety and psychological esiliency have cucial ole in malfomed seemed. Its means that people who had body dysmophicconcen, was moe anxiety and less esilience. KEYWORDS: psychological esilience, anxiety, fea of body dysmophic INTRODUCTION Resiliency is vey impotant popeties that can have a nificant impact in impoving the mental health. Resiliency is known a Multidimensional stuctues that including Vaiables Constitutional Such as tempeament and pesonality, with special skills like poblem-solving skills by Masten. In fact, esilience is inheent capacity in peson that can lead to self-impovement and change. Resiliency agees with Adaptability and a level of balance afte the ceation of distubances in pevious equilibium. One of the impotant vaiables, especially in adolescents is anxiety because of following eason: - Physical changes such as changing the physical appeaance concens, especially in young gils - Concens ealiness of pubety in gils - Fea and Embaassment of physical changes And suffeing caused by the ejection of physical changes - Rejection by pees Independent - aggessive behavio - uneasonableness - Lack of necessay skills fo life - sexuality and confusion in ole.anxiety is a feeling of fea, uneasiness, and woy that including Uncetainty, helplessness and Physiological aousal. Reoccuence of peviously stessful situations o situations have been hamed, causing anxiety in peson. Theefoe, ecently the ate of dissatisfaction inceased in teenages and college kids and they willing to change thei appeaance. Some of them ae afaid of body image o physical disfigue. This fea and dissatisfactioncan damage Social and intepesonal function, it s named as Body dysmophic and eseaches evealed Patients with body dysmophic concen that has two sets obsessive-compulsive symptoms elated to physical appeaance (Fo example, imagine a lage body size, face size, etc.) and algebaic notation dependent on physical appeaance (Such as avoiding the mio, checking diffeent pats of the body in the mio, etc.). Dysmophic is placed In the categoy of somatofom disodes In this disease, a peson feels mentally handicapped o about ugliness and appeaance of its face. Sawe et al. (1998) found that media ideals affect gils' satisfaction about thei body image so that media may have the most effective influence among social-cultual factos on young's dissatisfaction about thei body. Otto et al. (2009) believe that the most impotant pedictive stategy of body change fo gils ae a good fiend and mothe. Though, the factos like family and media have consideable effect on copoal mental image evolution, coevals ae moe impotant effect on the evolution of this facto between boys and gils. *Coesponding Autho: Javad Khalatbai, Associate pofesso, Depatment of Psychology Tonekabon, Islamic Azad Univesity Tonekabon Banch, Factuy of Clinical Psychology. javadkhalatbaipsy2@gmail.com 133

2 Ghahamani and Khalatbai 2016 Littleton (2003) in his eseach state that satisfaction of copoal mental image is affected by social, familial and individual factos. To him, these social factos ae westen cultue affected, social-financial status, media, coeval and family affects fo physical appeaance change and individual factos ae changes esulted fom matuity. Coope (2003) mentions that social-cultual pespectives and values affect copoal mental image, since copoal mental image is compound of ealities and ideals. Many eseaches in westen society show that one of the most impotant dissatisfaction easons fo copoal mental image of adolescent gils is the symbol of uneal ideals of women beauty in ecent yeas. Bena (1999) also focuses on the effect of nutuing of featues like social qualification, poblem solving skill in adolescents as it esults in inevitable dange and negative consequences. Studies on pesons of poblems like addictive mateial consumption and felony show that these people lack toleance. Basak Nejad (2009) found that human being in his life intenalizes the image of his body and biological, envionmental and psychological factos shape this image. The esults of thei eseach show that those who concen with thei copoal appeaance have moe psychopathic poblems. Ali Pou (2012) declaes that thee is a meaningful elation between social anxiety and malfomed imagination of body and the moe social anxiety, the moe malfomed imagination and such a elation is moe meaningful among women. Razmjoie (2011) found that thee is meaningful elation between fea of body malfomation and stess so that adolescents who have moe stess have moe copoal malfomed imagination and such a elation is moe fo gil adolescents compaed to boys adolescents. Maddai and Noghani (2005) state that toleance makes people successful and happy in font of tough pedicaments and being toleant is multi-aspect featue that changes based on gound, time, age, gende and cultual backgound and such a featue changes in a peson who confonts vaious conditions of the life. METHODOLOGY Statistical society is adolescent gils who go beauty institutes. The sample is 120 gil adolescents selected fom 300 examinees who eceive highe scoes of malfomed imagination. Sampling method is cluste multi-steps. Measuement Tools Conou and Davidson Toleance Questionnaie: This tool is 25-indicato scale made by Conou and Davidson to measue toleance on 5 degees Liket. This questionnaie has stability and consistency. Mohammadi (2005) nomalized this scale in Ian and applied it to 248 pesons and found its stability with Conbach alpha coefficient 0/89 and Shakeinia et al. found it 0/91. Body Image Anxiety Questionnaie: This questionnaie consists of 31 phases of 5 choices Liket that measues the pespective of a peson about his/he appeaance. Its pupose is to evaluate ulta-cognitive aspects of copoal malfomation, contolling ulta-cognitive stategies, thought-pactice coalition o thoughts mix, ultacognitive positive and negative beliefs and secuity behavios. Littleton et al. (2005) study the stability of this questionnaie and the Conbach alpha coefficient is 0/93. Coelative coefficient of each questions with total scoe of questionnaie ae 0/32, 0/72 and the mean of 0/62 (Mohammadi and Sajadinejad, 2007). Beck Anxiety Questionnaie: This questionnaie is one of the most valid pesonality tests to evaluate seveity and symptoms of anxiety that has 21 questions to detemine mental and copoal symptoms of anxiety o fea ns elated to anxiety. It is scoed fom 0-3 and the questionnaie has high stability and consistency. In Ian, the esults show that the consistency of this questionnaie is 0/72 and the stability 0/83 (Beck, 1990). goup123 1.Resilience. -** ** anxiety ** fea of body dysmophic - - RESULTS Table 4-1: Coelative Matix of Pedictive Vaiants and Citeion <P ** 0.05<P * 134

3 Table 4-2: Toleance ** Based on the coelative coefficient, thee is a contay elation between esilience and fea of body dysmophic. Thus, with the pobability of 0/99, anxiety deceases with the incease of psychic toleance. ** Table 4-3: Anxiety Based on the coelative coefficient, thee is a contay elation between anxiety and anguish of body malfomation. Thus, with the pobability of 0/99, the anguish deceases with the incease of psychic anxiety. * Table 4-4: Malfomation Based on the coelative coefficient, thee is a positive elation between malfomation and anguish of body malfomation. Hence, with the pobability of 0/99, the anxiety inceases with malfomation. Pedictive vaiant Table 4-5: Summay of Multiple Coelative Coefficients R R 2STD. E R 2 anxiety Anxiety and toleance As shown in above table, both vaiants of malfomation pedict that anxiety vaiant pedicts 59% and with toleance they pedict 64/5%, in othe wods, esilience vaiant can pedict malfomation. Table 4-6: Summay of Regession Analysis fo Anxiety Vaiant si F MS ss Change souce goups Anxiety Rest Total As shown in above table, meaningful level of F is 0/0005 which is smalle than alpha 0/01 and with the pobability of 0/99 we say that anxiety can pedict malfomation. Table 4-7: Summay of Regession Analysis fo Anxiety and Toleance ss MS F Anxiety and Resilience / Change souce Goups Rest Total

4 Ghahamani and Khalatbai 2016 As shown in above table, meaningful level of F is 0/0005 which is smalle than alpha level and with the pobability of 0.99 we can say that anxiety can pedict malfomation. Table 4-8: Beta Standad Coefficients and Non-standad Vaiants vaiant BSTD.Eo Betat Sig anxiety Resilience Based on the above table, the meaningful level of Betas of anxiety and Resilience is 0/0005 which is smalle than alpha and with the pobability of 0/99 we can say that anxiety and toleance vaiant pedict can malfomation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The esults show that thee is a contay meaningful elation between psychic toleance and anguish of malfomation in adolescent gils. This esult is in line with the esults of Jefies and Fletche (1999) and Wene (1992). In this eseach it is attempted to show negative pefomance of this poblem with ulta-cognitive stategies on ulta-factos in elation to body malfomation based on elatively high pevalence of body malfomation poblem and the lack of definite and inclusive theapy. Ulta-cognitive beliefs focus on thoughts' content, infomation pocessing pocess (like inflexibility in infomation pocessing), peceiving infomation fom out (like excessive awaeness to othes' attention to self) and emitting infomation (like secuity behavios). This esult is in line with that of Wene (1992) about poblem solving elated to toleance. Wene believes that poblem solving skill affects featues of toleant pesons. Thus, poblem solving is one of the factos of toleant figues. This eseach shows that these adolescent gils feel shelte less confonting unpleasant and unfavoable conditions and danges and ty to lose thei secuity and confidence in font of danges and unpleasant situations to gain unexpected esults. The esults also show that thee is contay meaningful elation between anxiety and body malfomation in adolescent gils. This study shows that thought chewing factos, inflexibility in infomation pocessing, anguish, fea and anxiety have a meaningful elation with malfomed imagination of adolescent gils. This esult is in line with that of Ghafai et al. (1389) and Emsaki et al. (1389). The eseach of Ghafai (1389) is in line with the elation between anxiety and body malfomation. Ghafai says that anxiety is a physiological povocation and depession and the lack of confident feeling that shows the oots of many allegedly logical anxieties of adolescents in the anxieties of copoal changes as anxiety about the body malfomation especially fo gils, fea and shame of copoal change and concen with inability in accepting copoal changes and not being accepted by coevals. These esults ae in line with that of Emsaki et al. (1389) that thee is a elation between toleance and anxiety with fea of copoal malfomation and anxiety is a pedictive fea of body malfomation. It shows that those who have less toleance in mutual social elationships have moe anxiety, moe fea of body appeaance and moe sensitive about thei body in tems of othes' evaluations. REFERENCES 1-Alimaddadi, A. Tugani, F(2005). " A couse on addiction and dug abuse". Publications community. Tehan 2- Beck, A.T., Stee, R.A. (1990). Beck Anxiety Inventoy Manual. San Anto: Psychological Copoation. 3-Besak nejad, S. Qafai, M(2009).The elationship between fea of body dysmophic disode and psychology students. Poceedings of the Semina on Health. 4-Benad, Bonnie. (1998). Fosteing esiliency in kids: Potective factos in the family, school and community. National Resilience Resouce Cente. Retived fom intenet: 5- Coope M, Osman DS. Metacognition in body dysmophic disode: A peliminay exploation. J Cogn Psychothe 2007; 2: Heidai, A. Alipoo, SH(20012) " Compae social anxiety and woy about body image male and female students."spring 2012, Volume 7, Numbe 22; Page(s) 83 To

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