Behaviorism. B. F. Skinner
|
|
|
- Susan Johnson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Behaviorism B. F. Skinner
2 B.F. Skinner ( )
3 B. F. Skinner ( ) Skinner s life Predetermined, lawful, and orderly A product of past reinforcements 1925: Hamilton College (NY): degree in English, no courses in psychology Read about Pavlov s and Watson s experimental work 1931: Ph.D. from Harvard
4 B. F. Skinner Dissertation: a reflex is a correlation between S and R 1938: The Behavior of Organisms 1953: Science and Human Behavior 1990: Vigorously attacked the growth of cognitive psychology 1990 (final article): "Can Psychology Be a Science of Mind?"
5 B. F. Skinner Dealt only with observable behavior The task of scientific inquiry: To establish functional relationships between experimenter-controlled stimulus and organism s response No presumptions about internal entities -The "empty organism" approach
6 B. F. Skinner Single subject design Large numbers of subjects not necessary Statistical comparisons of group means not necessary A single subject provides valid and replicable results Requires "sufficient" data collected under wellcontrolled experimental conditions Statistics obscure individual responses and differences
7 B. F. Skinner -Operant conditioning Watson, Pavlov -Respondent behavior: elicited by specific observable stimulus
8 B. F. Skinner Operant behavior: occurs without an observable external stimulus Operates on the organism s environment The behavior is instrumental in securing a stimulus more representative of everyday learning
9 B. F. Skinner Science of behavior: Study of conditioning and extinction of operants Dependent variable in the "Skinner box": rate of response Law of acquisition key variable: reinforcement practice provides opportunities for additional reinforcement Differs from Thorndike and Hull s positions Thorndike and Hull: explanatory Skinner: strictly descriptive
10
11 Skinner s Theory All we need to know in order to describe and explain behavior is this: actions followed by good outcomes are likely to recur, and actions followed by bad outcomes are less likely to recur. (Skinner, 1953)
12 Central Human Motive in Skinner s Theory Environmental consequences shape behavior
13 LAW OF EFFECT Behavior Better state Increased of affairs probability of behavior occurring again Behavior Worse state Decreased of affairs probability of behavior occurring again Behavior A Behavior B Behavior C Better state Behavior C Behavior D of affairs emerges as the Behavior E most probable
14 Laboratory Examples Operant Conditioning Exploring Pigeon (in a Skinner box) Scratching Key-pecking Grooming Defecating Urinating Reinforcement (food pellet)
15
16 OPERANT CONDITIONING TECHNIQUES POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT= increasing a behavior by administering a reward NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT= increasing a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when a behavior occurs PUNISHMENT = decreasing a behavior by administering an aversive stimulus following a behavior OR by removing a positive stimulus EXTINCTION = decreasing a behavior by not rewarding it
17 B. F. Skinner Research foci Role of punishment in response acquisition Schedules of reinforcement Extinction of operants Secondary reinforcement Generalization Subjects included humans as well as animals
18 B. F. Skinner Schedules of reinforcement Reinforcement is necessary in operant behavior Reinforcement schedules continuous fixed and variable ratio and interval
19 SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT Interval schedules: reinforcement occurs after a certain amount of time has passed Fixed Interval= reinforcement is presented after a fixed amount of time Variable Interval= reinforcement is delivered on a random/variable time schedule Ratio schedules: reinforcement occurs after a certain number of responses Fixed Ratio= reinforcement presented after a fixed # of responses Variable Ratio= reinforcement delivery is variable but based on an overall average # of responses
20 LIMITED EFFECTS OF PUNISHMENT Punishment does not teach appropriate behaviors Must be delivered immediately & consistently May result in negative side effects Undesirable behaviors may be learned through modeling (aggression) May create negative emotions (anxiety & fear)
21 HOW COMPLEX BEHAVIORS ARE LEARNED Successive approximation/shaping= reinforcing behaviors as they come to approximate the desired behavior Superstitious Behavior= when persistent behaviors are reinforced coincidentally rather than functionally Self-control of behavior Stimulus avoidance Self-administered satiation Aversive stimulation Self-reinforcement
22
23
24 B. F. Skinner Verbal behavior Speech Comprised of responses Can be reinforced by speech sounds or gestures
25 B. F. Skinner Aircribs and teaching machines 1945: aircrib Teaching machine invented in the 1920s by Pressey promoted by Skinner 1968: The Technology of Teaching
26
27
28 B. F. Skinner Walden Two (1948): A behavioristic society Program of behavioral control A technology of behavior Application of laboratory findings to society at large
29 B. F. Skinner Behavior modification Used in a variety of applied settings Reinforce desired behavior and extinguish undesired behavior Punishment is not used
30 B. F. Skinner Criticisms of Skinner s behaviorism His extreme positivism His opposition to theory His willingness to extrapolate beyond the data The narrow range of behavior studied Problem of instinctive drift His position on verbal behavior
31 B. F. Skinner Contributions of Skinner s behaviorism Shaped American psychology for 30 years His goal: the improvement of society Srength and ramifications of his radical behaviorism
32 Social Learning Theories: The Cognitive Challenge The context Skinner (1963): "Behaviorism at Fifty" Progress in experimental psychology in U.S. due to behaviorism Social learning/sociobehaviorist approach fomented by many, including some behaviorists, reflected broader cognitive revolution in psychology 1995: consciousness has overtly and publicly returned to psychology
33
34
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning Classical v. Operant Conditioning Both classical and operant conditioning use acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination. Classical conditioning
Basic characteristics
Learning Basic characteristics The belief that the universe is lawful and orderly The occurrence of phenomena as a function of the operation of specific variables Objective observation Controlled experiments
Chapter 7 - Learning
Chapter 7 - Learning How Do We Learn Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Defining Learning Learning a relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience.
PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since Psychopathic criminals have empathy switch
PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since 1600 Chimpanzee Intelligence Is Heritable Dr. Peter Assmann Summer 2017 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0960982214006770
Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience or practice.
Learning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience or practice. What is Learning? Learning is the process that allows us to adapt (be flexible) to the changing conditions
Unit 06 - Overview. Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Unit 06 - Overview How We Learn and Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning s Applications, and Comparison to Classical Conditioning Biology, Cognition, and Learning Learning By
Chapter 5: How Do We Learn?
Chapter 5: How Do We Learn? Defining Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior or the potential for behavior that results from experience Results from many life experiences, not just structured
Psychology in Your Life
Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology in Your Life FIRST EDITION Chapter 6 Learning 2014 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Section 6.1 How Do the Parts of Our Brains Function? 6.1 What Are
Chapter 6: Learning The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 6: Learning Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience Distinguishes between changes due to maturation and changes brought about by experience Distinguishes
Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience.
Learning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience. Classical Conditioning Learning through Association Ivan Pavlov discovered the form of learning called Classical
Five Misconceptions of Behavior Analysis 1) It ignores consciousness, feelings, and states of mind. 2) It neglects innate endowment and argues all
Five Misconceptions of Behavior Analysis 1) It ignores consciousness, feelings, and states of mind. 2) It neglects innate endowment and argues all behavior is acquired in the lifetime of the individual
Unit 6 Learning.
Unit 6 Learning https://www.apstudynotes.org/psychology/outlines/chapter-6-learning/ 1. Overview 1. Learning 1. A long lasting change in behavior resulting from experience 2. Classical Conditioning 1.
I. Classical Conditioning
Learning Chapter 8 Learning A relatively permanent change in an organism that occur because of prior experience Psychologists must study overt behavior or physical changes to study learning Learning I.
Bronze statue of Pavlov and one of his dogs located on the grounds of his laboratory at Koltushi Photo taken by Jackie D. Wood, June 2004.
Ivan Pavlov http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/ cgi/content/full/19/6/326 Bronze statue of Pavlov and one of his dogs located on the grounds of his laboratory at Koltushi Photo taken by Jackie D. Wood,
CHAPTER 6. Learning. Lecture Overview. Introductory Definitions PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY
Learning CHAPTER 6 Write down important terms in this video. Explain Skinner s view on Free Will. Lecture Overview Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Cognitive-Social Learning The Biology of Learning
Outline. History of Learning Theory. Pavlov s Experiment: Step 1. Associative learning 9/26/2012. Nature or Nurture
Outline What is learning? Associative Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning History of Learning Theory Nature or Nurture BEHAVIORISM Tabula Rasa Learning: Systematic,
Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning - a type of learning in which one learns to link two stimuli and anticipate events.
Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning - a type of learning in which one learns to link two stimuli and anticipate events. behaviorism - the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science
Unit 6 REVIEW Page 1. Name: Date:
Unit 6 REVIEW Page 1 Name: Date: 1. Little Albert was conditioned by John B. Watson to fear furry white rats. After conditioning, Albert also showed fear to rabbits, dogs, and fur coats. This best illustrates
Study Plan: Session 1
Study Plan: Session 1 6. Practice learning the vocabulary. Use the electronic flashcards from the Classical The Development of Classical : The Basic Principles of Classical Conditioned Emotional Reponses:
Learning Approaches. Classical Conditioning Conditioned Stimulus (CS)... Conditioned Response (CR)... Acquisition... Extinction...
Reading: H & O Chapters 9, 10, 11 Terms you should know. J. B. Watson Pavlov Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Conditioned Response
Classical Conditioning. Learning. Classical conditioning terms. Classical Conditioning Procedure. Procedure, cont. Important concepts
Learning Classical Conditioning Pavlov study of digestion dogs salivate before getting food learning as signal detection: emphasis on what happens before a given behavior Classical conditioning terms Stimulus:
Overview. Non-associative learning. Associative Learning Classical conditioning Instrumental/operant conditioning. Observational learning
Learning Part II Non-associative learning Overview Associative Learning Classical conditioning Instrumental/operant conditioning Observational learning Thorndike and Law of Effect Classical Conditioning
Psychology in Your Life
Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology in Your Life SECOND EDITION Chapter 6 Learning 2016 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1 Humans are learning machines! Learning: A change in behavior,
an ability that has been acquired by training (process) acquisition aversive conditioning behavior modification biological preparedness
acquisition an ability that has been acquired by training (process) aversive conditioning A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such
acquisition associative learning behaviorism B. F. Skinner biofeedback
acquisition associative learning in classical conditioning the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned
Learning Habituation Associative learning Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Observational learning. Classical Conditioning Introduction
1 2 3 4 5 Myers Psychology for AP* Unit 6: Learning Unit Overview How Do We Learn? Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Learning by Observation How Do We Learn? Introduction Learning Habituation
Cognitive Functions of the Mind
Chapter 6 Learning Cognitive Functions of the Mind Mediate adaptive behaviours Interactions between person and world Form internal representations of the world Perception, memory Reflect on this knowledge
Associative Learning
Learning Learning Associative Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Biological Components of Learning Cognitive Components of Learning Behavioral Therapies Associative
Learning. Learning is the relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience.
Chapter 7 Learning Learning Learning is the relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience. Learning The Mexican Gray wolves had problems after being released back into the wild,
Learning. Association. Association. Unit 6: Learning. Learning. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning. Different Types of Learning
Unit 6: Learning Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience experience (nurture) is the key to learning Different Types of Learning Classical -learn by association
Operant Conditioning B.F. SKINNER
Operant Conditioning B.F. SKINNER Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning Behavior Consequence Patronize Elmo s Diner It s all a matter of consequences. Rewarding Stimulus Presented Tendency to tell jokes
Name: Period: Chapter 7: Learning. 5. What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Name: Period: Chapter 7: Learning Introduction, How We Learn, & Classical Conditioning (pp. 291-304) 1. Learning: 2. What does it mean that we learn by association? 3. Habituation: 4. Associative Learning:
3/7/2010. Theoretical Perspectives
Theoretical Perspectives REBT (1955) Albert Ellis Action & Result Oriented Teaches how to identify self-defeating thoughts Replaces thoughts w/ life enhancing ones 1 A B C s of personality formation: A
STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS 6: Learning Introduction and How Do We Learn? Operant Conditioning Classical Conditioning
STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS 6: Learning Introduction and How Do We Learn? 1. learning 2. associate; associations; associative learning; habituates 3. classical 4. operant 5. observing Classical Conditioning 1.
Chapter 11: Behaviorism: After the Founding
Chapter 11: Behaviorism: After the Founding Dr. Rick Grieve PSY 495 History and Systems Western Kentucky University 1 Operationism Operationism: : the doctrine that a physical concept can be defined in
Learning Theories. Dr. Howie Fine INTRODUCTION. Learning is one of the most researched and discussed area in Psychology.
Learning Theories Dr. Howie Fine 1 INTRODUCTION Learning is one of the most researched and discussed area in Psychology. Learning What? Vs. How? Laymen view learning generally in terms of what is being
Developmental Psychology and Learning SOCIAL EDUCATION COURSE Academic year 2014/2015
Developmental Psychology and Learning SOCIAL EDUCATION COURSE Academic year 2014/2015 EXTENDED SUMMARY Lesson #6 Monday, Oct. 27 th 2014: 19:00/21:00 Friday, Oct. 31 th 2014, 09:00/11:00 LESSON PLAN: HUMAN
Psychological Hodgepodge. Mr. Mattingly Psychology
Psychological Hodgepodge Mr. Mattingly Psychology The Number: Eight What is conditioning? Conditioning = learned or trained Classical Conditioning = learning procedure where associations are made Usually
Solutions Learning and Cognition The Design of the Mind Link full download:
Solutions Learning and Cognition The Design of the Mind Link full download: http://testbankair.com/download/solutions-learning-and-cognition-the-design-ofthe-mind/ Multiple Choice 1. The study of learning
Theories of Learning
Theories of Learning Learning Classical conditioning Classical conditioning in real life Operant conditioning Operant conditioning in real life Learning and the mind Watson s Extreme Environmentalism Give
Classical and Instrumental Conditioning. Lecture 8
Classical and Instrumental Conditioning Lecture 8 1 Basic Procedure for Classical Conditioning CS (Bell) US (Meat Powder) CR (Salivation) UR (Salivation) 2 Acquisition Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning
Learning. AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 4
Learning AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit 4 Learning Learning is a lasting change in behavior or mental process as the result of an experience. There are two important parts: a lasting change a simple reflexive reaction
Myers PSYCHOLOGY. (7th Ed) Chapter 8. Learning. James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University. Worth Publishers
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Association
PSYCHOLOGY. Chapter 6 LEARNING PowerPoint Image Slideshow
PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 6 LEARNING PowerPoint Image Slideshow Learning? What s that? A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice. Note that learning is NOT the same as
Psychology 020 Chapter 7: Learning Tues. Nov. 6th, 2007
Psychology 020 Chapter 7: Learning Tues. Nov. 6th, 2007 What is involved in learning? Evolution -The changes in behaviour that accumulate across generations are stored in the genes Combined with natural
Conditioning and Learning. Chapter 7
Conditioning and Learning Chapter 7 Learning is knowledge of skills acquired by instruction or studying. It is a permanent change in behavior due to reinforcement. Reinforcement refers to any event that
Spontaneous recovery. Module 18. Processes of Conditioning. Classical Conditioning (cont d)
Module 18 Classical Conditioning (cont d) Processes of Conditioning Acquisition Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Stimulus Generalization/ Discrimination Spontaneous recovery The re-emergence of an extinguished
Schedules of Reinforcement 11/11/11
Schedules of Reinforcement 11/11/11 Reinforcement Schedules Intermittent Reinforcement: A type of reinforcement schedule by which some, but not all, correct responses are reinforced. Intermittent reinforcement
Learning. 3. Which of the following is an example of a generalized reinforcer? (A) chocolate cake (B) water (C) money (D) applause (E) high grades
Learning Practice Questions Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case. 1. Just before something
Chapter 6. Learning: The Behavioral Perspective
Chapter 6 Learning: The Behavioral Perspective 1 Can someone have an asthma attack without any particles in the air to trigger it? Can an addict die of a heroin overdose even if they ve taken the same
I. Content Presentation. II. Learning Situation. IV. Reflection. III. Observation
I. Content Presentation II. Learning Situation III. Observation IV. Reflection Defining Learning Definition of Behaviorism Three earlier behaviorists and their contributions Ivan Pavlov B.F. Skinner E.L.
Behaviorism & Education
Behaviorism & Education Early Psychology (the use of nonobjective methods such as Introspection) Learning = behavior change movement toward objective methods Behaviorism Pavlov, Skinner (Focus on SàR)
Psychological Foundations of Curriculum. Kevin Thompson
Psychological Foundations of Curriculum Kevin Thompson Focusing Questions 1. In what ways do psychological foundations enable curriculum workers (teachers, supervisors, and curriculum developers) to perform
Classical Conditioning & Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning & Operant Conditioning What is Classical Conditioning? Learning Objective: Students will be able to describe the difference between Classical and Operant Conditioning. How Do We
Dikran J. Martin Introduction to Psychology
Dikran J. Martin Introduction to Psychology Name: Date: Lecture Series: Chapter 7 Learning Pages: 32 TEXT: Lefton, Lester A. and Brannon, Linda (2003). PSYCHOLOGY. (Eighth Edition.) Needham Heights, MA:
CHAPTER 15 SKINNER'S OPERANT ANALYSIS 4/18/2008. Operant Conditioning
CHAPTER 15 SKINNER'S OPERANT ANALYSIS Operant Conditioning Establishment of the linkage or association between a behavior and its consequences. 1 Operant Conditioning Establishment of the linkage or association
Major Psychological Perspectives
Psychodynamic Perspective 1900 1920s Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 Theory of Psychosexual Development Oral, Anal, Phallic, Genital Stages in childhood; inner tensions to resolve; fixations Theory of Personality
Why should we study psychology? It all seems like common sense (isn t it)?
LP 5A 1 Why should we study psychology? It all seems like common sense (isn t it)? What are some common misconceptions people have that were covered in General Psychology 201? Misconception A majority
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, 2006 1 Learning Chapter 8 2 Learning How Do We Learn? Classical Conditioning Pavlov s Experiments
Learning = an enduring change in behavior, resulting from experience.
Chapter 6: Learning Learning = an enduring change in behavior, resulting from experience. Conditioning = a process in which environmental stimuli and behavioral processes become connected Two types of
Psychology Study Guide Chapter 7
Psychology Study Guide Chapter 7 Learning I the process of acquiring new knowledge and You learn by experience Learn to predict events that we already like/don t like noticing events or sensations that
Learning. PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers. Learning. Chapter 8. How Do We Learn? Classical Conditioning
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, 2006 1 Learning Chapter 8 2 Learning How Do We Learn? Classical Conditioning Pavlov s Experiments
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning Classical vs. Operant Conditioning With classical conditioning you can teach a dog to salivate, but you cannot teach it to sit up or roll over. Why? Salivation is an involuntary reflex,
Learning: Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
Learning: Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Does NOT include temporary changes due to disease, fatigue, injury, maturation, or drugs, since these do NOT qualify as learning, even
Chapter 1: Behaviorism and the beginning of cognitive science
Chapter 1: Behaviorism and the beginning of cognitive science Steps towards cognitive science The cognitive turn in psychology (away from behaviorism) Developments in the theory of computation and theory
Learning. Learning. Learning
Learning PSY 1000: Introduction to Psychology Learning Monkeys beginning to wash their food before they eat it The rituals that athletes perform before/during contests Birds learning to flutter their wings
Gamification: What can pigeons teach us about highway safety?
Gamification: What can pigeons teach us about highway safety? Michael Lee Psychology Graduate Student Center for Visualization and Virtual Environments User Experience Lab Overview Gamification Using game
GCSE PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 LEARNING REVISION
GCSE PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 LEARNING REVISION GCSE PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 2 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING LEARNING LEARNING= Is a relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience Some behaviours are learnt, but
Chapter 7 Behavior and Social Cognitive Approaches
Chapter 7 Behavior and Social Cognitive Approaches What is Learning o What Learning Is and Is Not Learning - a relatively permanent influence on behavior, knowledge, and thinking skills that comes about
What is Learning? Learning: any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
CHAPTER 5 learning What is Learning? Learning: any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice When people learn anything, some part of their brain is physically changed
Chapter 6/9: Learning
Chapter 6/9: Learning Learning A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience. The acquisition of knowledge, skills, and behavior through reinforcement, modeling and natural
Initial Tests of the Learned Helplessness Explanation Innoculation against helplessness If dogs are given escapable pre-preshock, then subsequent expo
Aversive Conditioning Learned Helplessness Punishment Learned Helplessness Dogs were exposed to inescapable shocks delivered to the paw via an electrode. When given a chance to learn to escape from or
Association. Operant Conditioning. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning. Learning to associate two events. We learn to. associate two stimuli
Myers PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 8 Learning James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Association
... CR Response ... UR NR
Learning is the (1) brain-based phenomenon that is a (2) relatively permanent change (3) in behavior that results from (4) experience, (5) reinforcement, or (6) observation. (1) brain-based (2) relatively
Learning Theories - Behaviourism -
Learning Theories - Behaviourism - Kimberley A. Clow kclow2@uwo.ca http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/257e-570 Office Hour: Thursdays 2-3pm Office: S302 Outline What is Learning? Classical Conditioning
Learning. Learning. Learning via Association 1/8/2012. Chapter Eight. Change in an organism s behavior or thought as a result of experience
Chapter Eight Learning Learning Change in an organism s behavior or thought as a result of experience Many different kinds, most basic are habituation and sensitization Responding to stimuli less or moreover
DEFINITION. Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge (INFORMATIN ) and new responses. It is a change in behavior as a result of experience
LEARNING DEFINITION Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge (INFORMATIN ) and new responses. It is a change in behavior as a result of experience WHAT DO WE LEARN? 1. Object :we learn objects with
PSYC2010: Brain and Behaviour
PSYC2010: Brain and Behaviour PSYC2010 Notes Textbook used Week 1-3: Bouton, M.E. (2016). Learning and Behavior: A Contemporary Synthesis. 2nd Ed. Sinauer Week 4-6: Rieger, E. (Ed.) (2014) Abnormal Psychology:
Instrumental Conditioning I
Instrumental Conditioning I Basic Procedures and Processes Instrumental or Operant Conditioning? These terms both refer to learned changes in behavior that occur as a result of the consequences of the
Unit 5: Learning. Topic: Operant Conditioning
Unit 5: Learning Topic: Operant Conditioning 1874-1949 key name Edward THORNDIKE Proposed the Law of Effect behaviors followed by favorable outcomes are more likely conducted puzzle box experiments on
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY II
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY II THEORIES OF PERSONALITY II Learning Theory SESSION 8 2014 [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.
Learning theory provides the basis for behavioral interventions. The USMLE behavioral science section always contains questions relating to learning
Learning theory provides the basis for behavioral interventions. The USMLE behavioral science section always contains questions relating to learning theory. Learning theory does not apply to behaviors
Chapter 5: Learning and Behavior Learning How Learning is Studied Ivan Pavlov Edward Thorndike eliciting stimulus emitted
Chapter 5: Learning and Behavior A. Learning-long lasting changes in the environmental guidance of behavior as a result of experience B. Learning emphasizes the fact that individual environments also play
We re All Behaviorists Now
Hull Much more influential Relative Influence Constructed postulates and derived theorems Built discipleship at Yale s IHR In line with naturalistic-positivistic zeitgeist of American psychology after
What is Learned? Lecture 9
What is Learned? Lecture 9 1 Classical and Instrumental Conditioning Compared Classical Reinforcement Not Contingent on Behavior Behavior Elicited by US Involuntary Response (Reflex) Few Conditionable
Learning and conditioning
AP Psych Review Assignment Spring 2009 Chapter and Topic of this Review Guide: Learning and conditioning Vocab Term Definition of Term Example Learning Any relatively permanent change in behavior that
Learning. Learning. relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience
Cat Video Cat Roundup Learning Learning relatively permanent change in an organism s behavior due to experience Association We learn by association Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence
LEARNING. Learning. Type of Learning Experiences Related Factors
LEARNING DEFINITION: Learning can be defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior or modification in behavior or behavior potentials that occur as a result of practice or experience. According
PSY402 Theories of Learning. Chapter 8, Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning
PSY402 Theories of Learning Chapter 8, Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning Operant Conditioning The nature of reinforcement: Premack s probability differential theory Response deprivation
Behavioural Approach. in Psychology
Behavioural Approach in Psychology Behaviorism (aka Learning Theory) The behaviorist movement began in America in 1913 with John Watson Watson felt that psychological research had to be scientific 3 Main
Challenging Behaviours in Childhood
Challenging Behaviours in Childhood A/Professor Alasdair Vance Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Royal Children s Hospital Email: avance@unimelb.edu.au
Behaviorism: Laws of the Observable
Behaviorism: Laws of the Observable Figure out what behaviors they find rewarding, and then reward them with those behaviors Behaviorism versus Behavioral Research According to Wilfred Sellars: a person
EDS 103 Module 3.1 BEHAVIORISM
9/26/2015 EDS 103 Module 3.1 BEHAVIORISM EDS 103 Module 3.1 BEHAVIORISM BEHAVIORISM Site: University of the Philippines Open University: Course: EDS_103_1T_2015-16- Theories of Learning Book: EDS 103 Module
John Broadus Watson, 1930
John Broadus Watson, 1930 J. B. Watson believed in nurture and accepted the proclamation of John Locke which presented the mind as a blank slate upon which experience writes its message In what many have
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION Lecture 1 - Learning: Biological Bases of Behaviour Learning: an enduring change within an organism brought about by experience that makes a change in behaviour possible. Enduring:
Learning & Language Development
Learning & Language Development Classical Conditioning An involuntary response when a stimulus that normally causes a particular response is paired with a new, neutral stimulus. After enough pairings,
Chapter Six. Learning. Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning
Chapter Six Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning Part One: Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning is conditioning by association, such as a pet getting excited
Chapter 7. Learning From Experience
Learning From Experience Psychology, Fifth Edition, James S. Nairne What s It For? Learning From Experience Noticing and Ignoring Learning What Events Signal Learning About the Consequences of Our Behavior