Medical Language. Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 1. Spring 2016
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1 Medical Language Most derived from Latin and/ Greek language. Important for clear communication in health sciences. To describe the body clearly and indicate the position of its parts in relative to each other. Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 1
2 Objectives Divide medical words into their basic parts. Find the meaning of basic combining words. Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jorda2
3 Basic word parts Word Root Suffix Gastr / ic Gastr / itis Gastr / ectomy / Logy Origin of the word. eg: Gastr = Stomach Word ending. Related to. Inflammation. Removal. Science. 3
4 Basic word parts continued Prefix Word beginning. Epi Above eg: Epi/gastr /ic Hypo Below eg: Hypo/gastr /ic Anti Against eg: Anti/bio /tic A NO eg: A/vascular Combining Vowel A vowel that joins one root to another or to the suffix. [Usually O] eg: Gastr /o/logy Gastr /o/intestinal Gastr /o/ hepatic Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 4
5 Anatomical Position Referral position Worldwide constant method in describing a patient, assume he is in that specific position. As if the Person standing erect. Facing forward. Palms turned forward. Feet by side.
6 Directional Terms To describe the position of one body part relative to another. Term Meaning Anterior Nearer to front of body Posterior Nearer to the back Superior Nearer to the head Inferior Nearer to the feet Median Central line of the body Medial Nearer to the median line Lateral Away from median line Proximal Nearer to point of origin Distal Away from point of origin Superficial Nearer to body surface Deep Away from body surface Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 6
7 Body planes/sections Flat surfaces that pass / cut throughout body levels. Midsagittal divide the body into two equal halves. Sagittal divide body into two parts. Horizontal divide body into upper part and lower part. Coronal divide the body into anterior part and posterior part. Sections Used in Anatomy, Pathology and Surgery. Planes used in Radiology e.g.. CT and MRI. Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadi, University of dan 7
8 Bony Skeleton A calcified connective tissue that serve as storage for calcium and phosphorus. Act as Levers for muscles to produce movements permitted by joints. Contain internal soft tissue, Bone Marrow, where blood cells are formed. Form of 206 bones in adults, connected via spaces called joints. Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 8
9 Divisions Two divisions: 1. Axial skeleton (80 bones). 2. Appendicular skeleton (126 bones). Upper: Shoulder girdle. Bones of upper limb. Lower: Pelvic girdle. Bones of lower limb. Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 9
10 Shapes of bones 1. Long bones. e.g. Humerus 2. Short bones. e.g. Wrist bones 3. Flat bones. e.g. Scapula 4. Irregular bones. eg. Vertebra 5. Sesamoid bones. eg. Patella Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 10
11 Bone Markings Bone structural features adapted for specific functions. Are: 1. Either (bone deposition) building new bone, resulting in raised or roughened areas. Appears in response to pull (tension) on bone surfaces by tendons, ligaments and fascia on the periosteum. 2. Or (bone resorption) Groove on a surface of a bone caused by pressure. Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 11
12 1.Bone outgrowths serve as points of attachments for connective tissue. Tubercle هنر د Small, rounded projection. Tuberosity ةبودحأ Large, rounded projection. Facet هيجو Smooth flat surface. Spine هكوش Thornlike process. Process ئت ان Projection on bone. Trochanter رودملا Large blunt projection. Protuberance هبدح Bone projection. Crest فرع Elongated ridge of bone. Line طخ long, narrow ridge of bone. Fall 2015 Condyle همق ال large, round protuberance at the end of a bone. Epicondyle هميقل prominence above condyle. Malleolus يبعك Rounded process. Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 12
13 2. Grooves and openings, which allow the passage of soft tissues as blood vessels and nerves. Foramen ههههههه Opening through a bone. Fossa ههههه Shallow depression (trench). Fissure ههه Narrow slit between adjacent bones. Notch ههههه Nick (cut) at edge of a bone. Sulcus ههههه Groove along a bone surface. Meatus ههههه Tubelike opening (passageway). Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 13
14 Types of bone tissue Classified according to relative amount of solid matrix, number and size of bone marrow cavities. Compact bone Full with solid matrix. Designed for weight bearing and support. Spongy bone Full with bone marrow. Designed for protection and blood cells formation. Spongy bone Compact bone Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 14
15 Types of Joints Classified according to the type of connective tissue between the articulating bones. 1. Synovial J. Contains (Synovial fluid) e.g.. Knee joint. 2. Cartilaginous J. Contains (cartilage) e.g.. Intervertebral Joints. 3. Fibrous Joints. Contains (Fibrous CT) e.g.. Sutures between bones of the skull. Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 15
16 Movements of joints 1. Flexion (Fig. 1). Fig 1 2. Extension (Fig. 1). 3. Adduction (Fig. 2). 4. Abduction (Fig. 2). 5. Medial rotation (Fig. 3). Fig 2 Fig 3 6. Lateral rotation (Fig. 3). 7. Circumduction (rotation). Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 16
17 Upper Appendicular Skeleton Components: Shoulder Girdle Clavicle Anterior Scapula Posterior Bones of Upper limb Humerus Radius Lateral Ulna Medial Carpal bones Metacarpals Phalanges Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 17
18 Clavicle S-shaped bone. Connecting sternum medially and scapula laterally. Parts: 2 ends 2 Surfaces 2 Borders Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 18
19 Scapula Triangular in shape, has: 1. 3 angles borders processes. Spine (posterior). Acromion= (top of shoulder). Coracoid (Raven= يبارغ form). Crow + Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 19
20 Scapula 4. 3 Surfaces. Anterior. Posterior 2parts: Supraspinous fossa. Infraspinous fossa. Fossa=Shallow cavity. Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 20
21 Scapula- Anterior view Subscapular fossa (Anterior surface). Glenoid fossa (Glen=Socket): For articulation with head of humerus to form the shoulder joint. Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 21
22 Humerus 3 Parts: Proximal end Shaft (body) Distal end Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 22
23 Humerus 1. Proximal end Parts: 2. Body Parts: Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 23
24 Humerus- Distal end 2 Epicondyles: For muscles attachment. Capitulum: For articulation with radius. Trochlea: For articulation with ulna. Spring 2016 Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan 24
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