H Haloes cautions, 57 neurocytomas, perinuclear, 56 Headache blue cell tumors, 147 cautions, 135, 147, 152 clinical history, 132, 144, 148

Transcription

1 Index A ADC. See Apparent diffusion coefficient Adult. See also Supratentorial mass, adult cerebral tumor, 1 headache and ataxia cysts, mural nodules, 118 sporadic tumors, 118 headaches and visual changes, 121 nested cells, 146 pineoblastoma, 146 plasmacytoma, 134 spinal neoplasm ( see Spinal neoplasm, adult) Antoni A areas, 159 schwannoma, 159 tissue, 159 Antoni B BPNST, 159 neurofibromas, schwannoma areas, 159 tissue, 159 Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), 15, 16 Arm/leg weakness gliosarcoma, 82 pathology, 82 primary/metastatic sarcoma, 82 scans, 82 Astrocytoma and ependymoma, 1 incidental frontal lesion fibrillary, 47 gemistocytic and pilocytic, low-grade, 44 low-grade diffuse, SEGA, 46 Ataxia and headache, medulloblastoma, 107 ATRT. See Atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumor Atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) anaplastic medulloblastoma, 107 cytoplasm eccentricity, 109 dense cytoplasmic bodies, 109 tumor, B Back pain. See Spinal neoplasm, adult Base of skull headache dizziness and double vision, medulloblastoma, 146, 147 nausea and vomiting, normal pineal/pineal cyst, 146 pineoblastoma, 146 scans and pathology, 146 metastasis, 31 nasal congestion and forehead pain cautions, 143 clinical history, 140 olfactory neuroblastoma, 142 paranasal sinuses/nasopharynx, pathology, 142 pituitary adenoma, 142 plasma cell dyscrasia, 142 scans, 142 swallowing difficulties, visual disturbance and headaches clinical history, 127 germ cell tumors, 130 meningioma, metastatic tumor, 130 normal anterior pituitary, 129 pathology, 129 pituicytoma, 130 pituitary adenoma, 129 plasma cell dyscrasia, 130 scans, 129 Benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (BPNST) Antoni B, 159 sporadic, 159 Binucleate cells pituitary adenomas, 129 pituitary tumors, 134 plasma cell lesions, 130 Biphasic headache, nausea and vomiting tissue nature, 102 tumors, 102 C.T. Welsh (ed.), Intra-Operative Neuropathology for the Non-Neuropathologist: A Case-Based Approach, DOI / , Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

2 164 Index Biphasic (Cont.) architecture, 158 hyalinized vessels, cystic, 160 pattern, 159 Blurry vision, BPNST. See Benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors C Calcifications cavernous sinus hemangioma, 32 chondrosarcoma, 34 choroid plexus papilloma, 30 craniopharyngioma, 33 ependymoma, 28 ganglioglioma, 23 oligodendrogliomas, 18 pineal, 37, 38 Central nervous system (CNS) PNETs, 107 RCC, 118 Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) differential diagnosis, 123 spindle cell lesions, 125 Chicken-wire capillary pattern, 52 Chondrosarcoma, 34, 36 Chordoid glioma, 11 Chordoma chondroid variant, 138 diagnosis, eosinophilic cells, myxoid matrix, 155 mucinous carcinomas, sacrum, 155 Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC), 12 Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), 30, 32, 96 Colloid cyst, 11 Computerized tomography (CT) abscess, 20 axial nonenhanced brain basal ganglia, 17 centrum semiovale, 14 imaging, 21 lateral ventricles, 16 subacute infarction, 19 terminology, 13 Confusion, Craniopharyngioma nonenhanced axial CT image, 35 papillary, 97 sagittal postcontrast T1WI, 35 Cytologic preparations, intraoperative neuropathology abnormal astrocyte cytoplasm, 6, 8 air drying, 5, 8 blood vessel smear, 4, 5 cerebellum and medulloblastoma, 11 cortex, neuronal organization, 10 deep gray matter, 9, 10 Diff-Quik stains, 5 6 embolic material, meningioma, 7, 9 frozen section astrocyte processes, 8 hemangioblastoma., 4, 5 tearing and folding, 2 ice crystal artifact, 2, 3 location-based tumor differential diagnosis, macrophages, 4 microcalcifications, 7, 9 mitoses, 3 nuclei, frozen, 3 psammoma bodies, 9 questions, 1 RBCs, 5, 7 reactive astrocyte, 4 smearing astrocytes, 8 cerebellum, 10 cytoplasm, 5, 6 fragile nuclei, 6 tissue, 4, 5 sponge artifact, 11 squash preparation, 8 staining cytopreparations, 7 technique, 2 touch preparation, 5, 7 tumor nuclei, 9 D Decline, motor skills, 94 Diffusion-weighted images (DWIs), 15 Dizziness cautions, 135 clinical history, 132 germ cell tumors, and left arm/leg weakness, meningioma, 134, 135 pathology, plasmacytoma, 134 scans, 132, 134 Double vision cautions, 135 clinical history, 132 germ cell tumors, meningioma, 134, 135 pathology, plasmacytoma, 134 scans, 132, 134 Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET), 11 E Enhancing left trigeminal nerve, 34 lesion, left cerebral hemisphere, 20, 21 mass heterogeneous, 40 homogenous, 31 intracranial and extracranial components, 37 lower cervical spine, 38 pineal region, 31 right basal ganglia, 21 nodule, spinal cord, 40 vs. nonenhancing, 1 pituitary gland, 35 Ependymoma headache, irritability and vertigo neuronal rosettes, 108, 109 tissue freezing, 108 headache, nausea/vomiting and vertigo perivascular pseudorosettes, 114 pituitary adenoma, 113 rosettes, nonvascular central opening, 113 operation, 1

3 Index 165 Epidermoid cyst, 12 Esthesioneuroblastoma cell neoplasms, 146 cribriform plate, 142 neuronal/neuroblastic rosettes, 146 Extra-axial headaches and visual changes, 123 sella/skull base/pineal masses cavernous sinus hemangioma, 32, 34 chondrosarcoma, 34, 36 chordoma, 34, 36 craniopharyngioma, 33, 35 germ cell tumor, 37, 38 olfactory neuroblastoma, 34, 37 parasellar meningioma, 32, 33 parasellar schwannoma, 33, 34 pineoblastoma, 34, 37 pituitary adenoma, 30, 33 plasmacytoma/multiple myeloma, 34, 35 supra/infratentorial masses choroid plexus papilloma, 30, 32 meningioma, 16, 29, 31 metastasis, 30, 31 schwannoma, 30, 32 systemic lymphoma, 30, 31 F FLAIR. See Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery Flow-voids arterio-venous malformation (AVM), 18, 20 intratumoral vasculature, 30 Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) lateral ventricles, 24 lobulated slightly heterogeneous mass, GBM, 18 midbrain, 25 postcontrast axial, 32 right temporal well-defined lesion, 25 white and gray matter, 16 G Ganglioglioma, 23, 25, 86 GBM. See Glioblastoma Germ cell tumor CNS, 150 ependymoma, 151 germinoma, 150 monotonous cells, 130 pineal area, 134 pineoblastoma, 150 Glioblastoma (GBM) FLAIR images, 63 shaggier wall, enhancement, 62 variants, 61 Gliosarcoma, 82, 125 H Haloes cautions, 57 neurocytomas, perinuclear, 56 Headache blue cell tumors, 147 cautions, 135, 147, 152 clinical history, 132, 144, 148 confusion and personality change, ependymoma, 151 germ cell neoplasm, 147 tumors, 134, 150 irritability and vertigo, medulloblastoma, meningioma, 134 metastases, 134 metastatic tumors, nausea blurry vision, vomiting, normal pineal/pineal cyst, 146 pathology, 134, 145, 146, 150 pineoblastoma, 146 pituitary, 150, 151 plasmacytoma, 134 scans, 134, 144, 146, 148, 150 and visual changes, Hemangioblastoma blood vessels, 4 frozen section, 5 headache and ataxia cyst, mural nodule, 118 scattered large irregular hyperchromatic nuclei, 118 VHL syndrome, 118 Hemangiopericytoma, 11 Hemiparesis dense abscesses, cautions, 75 glioblastoma, 74 infarct, MS, 74 PML, 74 scans and pathology, female, Hoff cells pituitary adenoma, 130 scattered binucleate, 142 eccentric nuclei, 134 perinuclear golgi clearings, 134 Hyperdense medulloblastoma, 28 meningioma, 29 parasellar meningioma, 32 PCNSBCL, 19 pineoblastoma, 34 systemic lymphoma, 30 Hypodense infarcts, 18 lesion, 19 vasogenic edema, 19, 21 I Ice crystal artifact freezing, 3 frozen sections, 5, 8 Immunocompromise lymphoma, 68 PCNSL, 47 48, 78 PML, 74

4 166 Index Infarct and abscesses, 74 acute, 17, 25 description, 25 gemistocytic astrocytes, 73 necrosis, brain lesions, 73 subacute, 19, 73 Infiltrative edema, 16, 18, 23 high-grade glioma, 69 melanomas, 70 oligodendrogliomas, 54, 91 pleomorphic cells, 77 primary lymphomas, 79 Infratentorial choroid plexus papilloma, 30, 32 intra-axial masses, intra-axial tumor, headache ( see Infratentorial intra-axial tumor) meningioma, 16, 29, 31 metastasis, 30, 31 midline mass, 28 schwannoma, 30, 32 systemic lymphoma, 30, 31 Infratentorial intra-axial tumor headache and ataxia cautions, 120 clinical history, 116 cyst, mural nodule differential, 118 hemangioblastoma, 118 meningioma, metastatic clear cell carcinoma, 118 normal cerebellum, 118, 119 pilocytic astrocytoma, 119 RBCs and cells, multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles, 117, 118 vascular malformation, 119, 120 vessels, 117, 118 vessels and small round nuclei, 117, 118 headache, irritability and vertigo axial diffusion, 105 axial MRI T1 precontrast and postcontrast, 105 cautions, 109 clinical history, 105 ependymoma, 108 frozen section, small cells cords, 106 H&E stain low magnification, 106 medulloblastoma, 107 normal cerebellum, pleomorphic cells, little cytoplasm, 106 PNET, 109 round blue cell, 109 smear, 108, 109 teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, 109 headache, nausea and vomiting axial T2 FLAIR MRI, 100, 102 axial T1 MRI postcontrast and T2 MRI, 99, 102 cautions, 104 clinical history, 99 ependymoma, fibrillary astrocytoma, 103 frozen section-enlarged, hyperchromatic nuclei, 101, 102 frozen section-rosenthal fibers, microcysts, 101, 102 medulloblastoma, 104 pilocytic astrocytoma, 102 piloid gliosis, smear, 100, 102 vascular malformation, 103 headache, nausea/vomiting and vertigo axial MRI T2 FLAIR-midline cerebellar lesion, 111, 113 cautions, 115 choroid plexus papilloma, 115 clinical history, 111 ependymoma, 113 glioma, 114 heterogeneous enhancement, 111, 113 medulloblastoma, 113, 114 neurocytoma, 115 perivascular areas, nuclei and cells rings, 107 smear, subependymoma, 111 headaches and visual changes calcification and small round, oval nuclei, 122, 123 cautions, 125 cells tight whirls, central mineralization, 122, 123 clinical history, 121 cyst, schwannoma, 124 elongate nuclei, pink globular cytoplasm, 122, 123 gliosarcoma, 125 hemangiopericytoma, 124, 125 lesion smears, 121, 123 meningioma, schwannoma, 124 Intra-axial. See also Infratentorial intra-axial tumor gliosarcoma, 82 infratentorial masses ependymoma, 28, 29 hemangioblastoma, 28, 30 medulloblastoma, 21, 28, 29 metastasis, 19, 29 PA, 22, 26, 28 subependymoma, 28, 30 supratentorial masses abscess, 17, 20, 22, 25, 27 central neurocytoma, 23, 26 DNET, 23, 25 ganglioglioma, 23, 25 high-grade glioma, 23, 24 infarct, 17, 19, 25 low-grade astrocytoma, 22, 23 metastasis, 14, 19, 25, 27 oligodendroglioma, 22, 23 PCNSBCL, 19, 21, 23, 25, 26 PML, 26, 28 tumefactive demyelinating lesion, 18, 21, 26, 27 Intracranial masses CT, 13, 14 density/signal intensity adenocarcinoma metastasis, 18, 19 infarcts, 18, 19 melanoma metastases, 18, 19 PCNSBCL, 18, 19 diffusion medulloblastoma, 21 MR imaging, 20 PA, 21, 22 edema, enhancement patterns eccentric target, 20 homogenous, 20, 21 incomplete ring, 20, 21 smooth peripheral, 20 extra-axial

5 Index 167 sella/skull base/pineal masses, 30, supra/infratentorial masses, flow-voids, 18, 20 imaging features, 15, 16 intra-axial infratentorial, supratentorial, MRI, 13, 15, 16 perfusion decreased, 21, 22 elevated, multicentric GBM, 21, 22 shape, 17, 18 spinal masses, Intranuclear cytoplasmic pseudoinclusions, 61, 123, 130, 134, 135, 159 Intravenous contrast agents CT and MRI, 13 intracranial masses, 20 T1w sequences, 15 Intraventricular lesion, child, 96 tumor, tumors ependymomas, 96 papillary, 97 Irritability, headache and vertigo, Isodense basal ganglia, 38 lesions, 13 L Leg pain. See Spinal neoplasm, adult M Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) FLAIR, 22, 23, 25, 26 higher contrast resolution, 13 terminology DWIs, 15 normal brain, 15 pulse sequences, 13 T1w and T2w, 13, 15 Malignant spindle cell tumors hemangiopericytoma, 161 metastatic, 161 Medulloblastoma neoplastic rosette types, 107 small cell neoplasms, 107 Meningioma embolic material, vessel, 9 headaches and visual changes chordoma, 123 pituitary adenoma, 123, 124 rhabdoid tumor, 123 secretory meningioma, 123 thyroid metastasis, 123, 124 nondescript tissue, psammoma bodies, 159, 160 psammoma bodies, 7, 9 Metastatic multiple lesions, scans, 70 tumor, 11, 12, 68 Microcysts floating neurons, 87 headache, nausea and vomiting biphasic nature, tissue, 102 biphasic tumors, 102 frozen section, rosenthal fibers, 101, 102 pilocytic astrocytoma, 119 histology, 46 smears, 52 tumors, 52 MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging Myxoid leg and back pain change and perivascular pseudorosettes, 154, 155 matrix, 155 stroma, 155 lesions, 138 stroma, 138 tumor, 138 Myxopapillary ependymoma leg and back pain cauda equina syndrome, 155 hyalinized vessels, nuclei congregate, 155 myxoid stroma, 155 filum/cauda equina, 159 perivascular arrays, cells, 160 sagittal T2WI, 38 N Nasal congestion cautions, 143 clinical history, 140 olfactory neuroblastoma, 142 paranasal sinuses/nasopharynx, pathology, 142 pituitary adenoma, 142 plasma cell dyscrasia, 142 scans, 142 Nausea cautions, 152 clinical history, 148 ependymoma, 151 germ cell tumor, 150 headache blurry vision, vomiting, metastatic tumors, pathology, 150 pineoblastoma/medulloblastoma, 150 pituitary, 150 scans, 150 Neurocytoma central, 23, 26, 91 haloes, 91 neuronal rosette, 91 nuclei, 91 Neurofibroma occurrence, 155 spinal nerves, 161 spinal roots, 159 Neurofibromatosis, 1 Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), Neuronal rosettes ependymoma, 108 normal internal granular cell layer, 107, 108 smear-pnet, 109

6 168 Index Nonenhancing abnormality, 13 vs. enhancing, 1 hypointense well-delineated mass, 22 patterns, 20 rounded areas, 37 O Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) description, 34 esthesioneuroblastoma, 142 T1WI, sagittal plane, 37 Oligodendroglioma axial nonenhanced CT image, 23 cell distribution, brain, 52 clear cell ependymomas, 56 description, 22, 54 haloes, 45 high-grade, 57 histology, 46 microcalcifications, 52 microcystic, 52 nuclei, 50 reactive astrocytes, 53 smear, 45, 46 ONB. See Olfactory neuroblastoma P PA. See Pilocytic astrocytoma Papillary/mucinous metastatic neoplasms, 156 Paraganglioma, 12, 18, 159 Pediatric astrocytoma, 39 ependymomas, 96 germ cell neoplasm, 147 headache, nausea/vomiting and vertigo age group, 114 cellular tumors, posterior fossa, 113 Peripheral nerve sheath tumor frozen sections, bland spindle cells, 156 schwannomas and neurofibromas, Perivascular cuffing, 78 Perivascular pseudorosettes cellular tumors, pediatric, 113 diagnosis, 113 leg and back pain ependymal, 155 and lobular architecture, and myxoid change, 154 nuclei, ependymomas, 114 tissue, 113 Personality change, Physaliphorous, 138 Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) biphasic hyalinized vessels and cystic, 160 tumors, 102 cyst, mural nodule, 102 increased diffusion, 22 oligodendroglial-like cells, 55, 56 rosenthal fibers, 102 scattered large irregular hyperchromatic nuclei, 102 smear, 160 Pineal calcifications, 37, 38 gland, 37 pineoblastoma, 34, 37 Pineal cyst, 11 Pineal parenchymal tumor, 11 Pineoblastoma axial nonenhanced CT image, 37 craniospinal dissemination, 146 described, 34 differential diagnosis, 150 histology, 150, 151 midsagittal T1WI, 37 neuronal/neuroblastic rosettes, 146 nuclei, 146 small cell neoplasms, 146 smear, 108 Pituitary adenoma nasal congestion and forehead pain, psammoma bodies, 8, 9 reticulin, 5 touch preparation, 7 visual disturbance and headaches binucleate cells, 128, 129 frozen section diagnosis, 129 meningioma, 130 plasmacytoid morphology, 130 Plasmacytoma bone algorithm and window, 35 bone lesions, 134 clivus/skull base, 134 langerhans cell lesions, 134 sella, 132 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), 44, 63 Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) B-cell, 78 cerebral blood volume (CBV), 21 differential diagnosis, 47 48, 55 histology, 63 homogenous contrast enhancement, 21 immunocompromise, 78 Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), 109 Pseudopalisading high-grade glial lesions, 64 necrosis, 61 Pseudopapillary, 64, 69 R Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) clear cell, 118 patients, VHL syndrome, 118 Rosettes, 147, 151 S Schwannoma Antoni B areas, 159 cerebellopontine angle, 159 description, 30 differential diagnosis, 124 FLAIR images, 32 scattered large irregular hyperchromatic nuclei, 159 spinal, 159

7 Index 169 multiple, 159 parasellar, 33, 34 spinal, 37, 38 vessels, 155 Seizures female cautions, 57 DNETs, 55 ependymoma, 56 extraventricular neurocytoma, glioblastoma, 57 gliosis, 53 low-grade diffuse astrocytoma, 54 normal white matter, oligodendroglioma, 52 pathology, 52 PCNSL, 55 pilocytic astrocytomas, scans, 52 small cell anaplastic, 56 male cautions, 88 DNET, 87 ganglioglioma, 86 neurons, tumor, pathology, 85, 86 scans, 86 SEGA, and unilateral weakness cautions, 70 clinical history, 66 high-grade glioma, 69 lymphoma, malignant dural tumors, 69 metastatic tumor, 68 primary bone tumors vs. skull base, 70 scans and pathology, 68 Sella extra-axial, 30, suprasellar extension, 33 Skull base. See Base of skull Spinal masses astrocytoma, 39, 40 ependymoma, 39, 40 hemangioblastoma, 39, 40 meningioma, 39 myxopapillary ependymoma, 39 schwannoma, 37, 38 Spinal neoplasm, adult leg and back pain cautions, 156 chordoma, 155 clinical history, 153 myxoid change and perivascular pseudorosettes, 154, 155 myxopapillary ependymoma, 155 papillary/mucinous metastatic, 156 peripheral nerve sheath tumor, sagittal MRI T1 precontrast and postcontrast, 155 smear-cells, 154, 155 axial MRI T2 CSF, 157, 159 axial MRI T1 postcontrast, 157, 159 cautions, 161 clinical history, 157 frozen section, biphasic architecture, 158, 159 frozen section, palisading nuclei, 158, 159 ganglioneuroma/blastoma, 161 malignant spindle cell tumors, 161 meningioma, 159 myxopapillary ependymoma, neurofibroma, 159 pilocytic astrocytoma, 160 schwannoma, 159 smear, 160 Spine axial MRI T2 CSF, 157, 159 axial MRI T1 postcontrast, 157, 159 canal, 159 neurofibromas, nerves and roots, 159 schwannomas, 159 sagittal MRI pre and postcontrast scans, lumbar lesion, 155 Stromal cells frozen/cytologic preparation, 116, 118 hemangioblastoma, 118 normal cerebellum, 118 tumor characteristics, 118 Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), 11 Subependymoma, 12 Supratentorial intra-axial masses, Supratentorial mass, adult dense hemiparesis and kidney transplant abscess, cautions, 75 clinical history, 71 glioblastoma, 74 infarct, MS, 74 pathology, PML, 74 scans, 73 developmental regression cautions, 98 choroid plexus papilloma, 96 clinical history, 94 ELST, papillary craniopharyngioma, 97 papillary ependymoma, 96 papillary meningioma, 97 papillary metastatic tumor, 97 scans and pathology, 94, 96 dizziness and left arm/leg weakness gliosarcoma, 82 primary/metastatic sarcoma, 82 scans and pathology, 80, 82 headache, confusion and personality change cautions, 79 glioma, 78, 79 metastases, 78 non-neoplastic lymphoid proliferations, 79 pathology, primary CNS B-cell lymphoma, 78 scans, 76, 78 incidental frontal lesion gliosis, low-grade astrocytoma, 44 oligodendroglioma, pathology, 44 PCNSL, primary low-grade glial tumor, scans, 41 42, 44

8 170 Index Supratentorial mass, adult (Cont.) nausea, headache and blurry vision cautions, 93 ependymoma, 92 metastatic small cell carcinoma, 92 neurocytoma, 91 oligodendroglioma, 91 pathology, scans, 89, 91 subependymoma, 92 new-onset seizures female, male, seizure and hemiparesis, female abscess, 62 cautions, 65 clinical history, 58 high-grade glioma, 61 high-grade oligodendroglioma, 62 infarcts, metastasis, primary lesions, 63 scans and pathology, seizure and unilateral weakness, male cautions, 70 clinical history, 66 high-grade glioma, 69 lymphoma, malignant dural tumors, metastatic tumor, 68 primary bone tumors vs. skull base, 70 scans and pathology, 68 Swallowing difficulties cautions, 139 chondrosarcoma, 138 chordoid meningioma, 139 chordoma, 138 clinical history, 136 metastatic carcinoma, myxopapillary ependymoma, 138 pathology, 137, 138 scans, 136, 138 T T1-weighted (T1w) cavernous sinus hemangioma, 34 edema, 16 intravenous contrast agents, 15 meningioma, 31 midsagittal nonenhanced, 30 parasellar meningioma, 33 pituitary adenoma, 33 systemic lymphoma, 31 T2-weighted (T2w) chordoma, 36 flow-voids, 18, 20, 30 irregular and heterogeneous right cerebellar mass, 19 lateral ventricles, 27 lower thoracic spine, 38 midline infratentorial mass, 28 schwannoma, 32 white and gray matter, 15 V Verocay tissue, verocay-like structures, 161 schwannoma, 124 Vertigo and headache, irritability, and headache, nausea/vomiting, Visual changes, Visual disturbance cautions, 131 germ cell tumors, 130 meningioma, metastatic tumor, 130 normal anterior pituitary, 129 pituicytoma, 130, 131 pituitary adenoma, 129 plasma cell dyscrasia, 130 scans and pathology, 129 Vomiting cautions, 152 clinical history, 148 ependymoma, 151 germ cell tumor, 150 headache and nausea, metastatic tumors, pathology, 150 pineoblastoma/medulloblastoma, 150 pituitary, 150 scans, 150 von Hippel Lindau (VHL) syndrome child, 119 hemangioblastomas, 118 W Well-circumscribed ependymomas, 113 extra-axial lesion, 159 vs. infiltrative, 1 metastases, 68 neurocytoma, 91 Y Young adult, 113, 155