Characterization of Epithelial Cells
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1 EPITHELIAL BIOLOGY Characterization of Epithelial Cells Gabriela Rodrigues Dept. Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Lisboa Centre for Environmental Biology 2-6 July 2007 Gulbenkian Institute of Science Network of Excellence EPITHELIAL TISSUES Where is their origin? What are they? What are their functions? 1
2 Which is the embryonic origin of epithelial cells? Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm What are they? Functional barriers between compartments Always polarized cells: discrimination between an apical and a basolateral compartment They perform a variety of funtions depending on their localization: secretion, absorption, protection, diffusion How are they classified? Simple / Stratified / Pseudostratified Squamous / Cuboid / Prismatic / Transitional According to specializations: keratinized; ciliated, etc 2
3 Cell Membrane RER and Golgi Apparatus Membrane and vesicle traffic Protein sorting to specific domains 3
4 Cytoskeleton Microtubules MTOCs - Microtubule Organizing Centers (centrioles,, basal bodies ) MAPs - Microtubule Associated Proteins Microtubule Motors dynein and kinesin Cytoskeleton/Membrane Specializations Cytoskeleton/Membrane Specializations Microfilaments - Actin Microvilli Estereocilia long microvilli 4
5 Cytoskeleton/Membrane Specializations Intermediate Filaments - Ctokeratins: epithelia - Vimentin: connective tissue - Desmin: muscle cells - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein: astrocytes - Neurofilaments: neurons Present in desmosomes and hemi-desmosomes Basement Membranes Type IV Collagen Laminin Entactin Proteoglycans Intercellular Adhesion Junctional Complexes 5
6 Intercellular Adhesion Gap Junctions Units: connexon Proteins: connexins Gap junctions Simple Epithelia Functions: transport, secretion, protection, lubrification, absorption Simple Epithelia 6
7 Endothelium: Difusion Pinocytosis Respiratory Epithelium: Ciliated cells (protection)) and goblet cells (secretion) Small Intestine: microvilli ( brush border ): absorption 7
8 Colon: microvilli - brush border - (absorption)) and goblet cells (mucous secretion) Kidney: filtration, absorption, Stratified Epithelia Funcions: protection, avoids dessication, secretion, distention 8
9 Stratified Epithelia Epidermis of the skin: Protection Barrier against dessication Bladder: Distention according to the degree of urine content 9
10 How can we characterize epithelial cells? Junctional Complexes Junctional Complexes 10
11 Hamster seminal vesicle epithelial cells in primary culture Hamster seminal vesicle epithelial cells in primary culture Carbohydrate characterization using lectins 11
12 Hamster seminal vesicle epithelial cells in primary culture: lectins Cytoskeleton labelling: cytokeratins Hamster seminal vesicle epithelial cells in primary culture: cytokeratins 12
13 Imunocytochemical labelling of cytokeratins and vimentin in Vero and 3T3 (fibrolasts) cells Bicameral Systems Functional Studies Polarized vesicular traffic: endocytosis; secretory pathway; transcytosis 13
14 Protein Sorting From Rodriguez-Boulan & Mush 2005 Hamster seminal vesicle epithelial cells in primary culture: transepithelial transport Model of lipid rafts in the trans Golgi network 14
15 The PAR-aPKC System From Suzuki & Ohno 2006 References Junqueira LC & Carneiro J (2004) Basic Histology - Text and Atlas (10º ed.), Guanabara Koogan Young B & Heath JW (2000) - Wheater s Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas (4º ed.), Churchill Livingstone, NY 15
16 Moovies: Inside the cell Cadherin-GFP 16
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