I. Structure A. Bones are living organs made of other tissue: Ex:,,

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1 Lesson 14.3 NOTES: The Skeletal System (Unlock) Essential Question: -What are the structures and functions of the skeletal system? Learning Target(s): -I can identify structures and explain functions of the skeletal system. I. Structure A. Bones are living organs made of other tissue: Ex:,, Periosteum: Spongy Bone: Compact Bone: ****Draw and label a bone that shows layers Copy and complete the following table using the word section below. II. Functions 1. Shape and 2. internal organs 3. Locomotion: bones (help from muscles) 4. Blood cells formed in the red marrow 5. Calcium and phosphorous are stored = strength 1

2 III. Joints: place where 2 A. held in place by a tough band of tissue called B. Types of joints: 1. Moveable: 2. Immovable: C. Cartilage is a strong rubbery end of bones 1. acts as a shock absorber 2. reduces that would be caused by bones rubbing IV. Bone Formation 1. at birth, bones are mostly cartilage 2. gradually, most is replaced with bone a. osteoblasts: build bone - deposits calcium and phosphorous V: Diseases and Conditions of the Skeletal System Based on the diagrams below, describe osteoporosis and arthritis. 2

3 Lesson 14.3 CLASSWORK: The Skeletal System Learning Target: I can identify structures and explain functions of skeletal system. Vocabulary: periosteum; compact bone; spongy bone; marrow; joint; ligament; cartilage; Warm Up: Complete Socrative Assessment. Copy errors and confusions. Teaching: Review LT; Vocabulary; Socrative Results Possible Misconception: Are there joints in the skull or elbow? Task: 1. Design a model that represents a bone (with layers) in structure and function. 2. "Skeletal System Task Exploration" **See pages 4-10 of this document 3. "How Important is your Thumb?" **See page 11 of this document 4. Enrichment: Model Lab: Joints of the Back - Test why joints are important. * See page 12 of this document Summarize: Check your answers 3

4 Skeletal System TASK Exploration LT: I can use various text and media sources to describe the human skeletal system. Use the resources from pages 6-10 to complete the following tasks. 1. Label the top of each skeleton as either male or female. Describe your evidence in Table 1. Table 1: Comparing Genders Evidence for Male: Evidence for Female: 2. On each of the skeletons, label 5 different major bones in the human body. Be sure to label the diagram with the scientific name and common name for each bone. 3. On each skeleton, shade in the axial skeleton red and the appendicular skeleton green. Compare the function of the axial and appendicular skeletons in Table 2. Table 2: Comparing Axial and Appendicular Skeletal Function Axial Appendicular 4. In table 3, identify and describe if the human skeleton is an example of an endoskeleton or exoskeleton. Table 3: Comparing Endoskeletons and Exoskeletons The human skeleton is an. A benefit to this type is skeleton is that 5. Describe 4 different types of joints throughout the body in Table 4. Ex: The knee is a hinge joint because it can move back and forth like a door. Table 4: Comparing Joints 4

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6 The adult human skeletal system consists of 206 bones, as well as a network of tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connects them. The skeletal system performs vital functions support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage and endocrine regulation that enable us to survive. The skeletons of adult males and females have some variation, primarily to accommodate childbirth. The female pelvis is flatter, more rounded and proportionally larger. A male's pelvis is about 90 degrees or less of angle, whereas a female's is 100 degrees or more. While they become brittle when outside of the body, bones are very much alive inside the body, being fed by a network of blood vessels from the circulatory system and nerves from the nervous system. A typical bone has a dense and tough outer layer. Next is a layer of spongy bone, which lighter and slightly flexible. In the middle of some bones is jellylike bone marrow, where new cells are constantly being produced for blood. Teeth are considered part of the skeletal system, but they are not counted as bones. Teeth are made of dentin and enamel, which is strongest substance in your body. Teeth also play a key role in the digestive system. The skeletal system has two distinctive parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton, with a total of 80 bones, consists of the vertebral column, the rib cage and the skull. The axial skeleton transmits the weight from the head, the trunk and the upper extremities down to the lower extremities at the hip joints, which help humans maintain our upright posture. The appendicular skeleton has a total of 126 bones, and is formed by the pectoral girdles, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs. Their functions are to make walking, running and other movement possible and to protect the major organs responsible for digestion, excretion and reproduction. Video link: YouTube: 6

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11 How important is your thumb? LT: I can collect and present data in order to determine the importance of the thumb. Hypothesis: If we use our thumb to pass an object, then the number of passes made will be Procedure: 1. Pass an object between 2 people using only 2 finger combinations. 2. Count how many times in 20 seconds you pass the object without dropping it. 3. Make a data table that shows the number of passes made with each finger combination. Finger Key: P = pinkie R = ring M = middle I = index Th= thumb *Redesign the data table to include sections for 2 trials, your average, and a class average Finger Combinations Number of Passes 1. index/pinkie 2. thumb/index 3. pinkie/thumb 4. middle/ring 5. thumb/middle 6. ring/index 11

12 Model Lab: Joints in the Back LT: I can make a model to show how the joints that make up the spine affect your back Materials: 1 straw ; 1 pipe cleaner Procedure: 1. Thread the pipe cleaner through the straw. Then gently try to bend the pipe cleaner where it is covered in the straw. Does the pipe cleaner bend much? 2. Take the pipe cleaner out of the straw and cut the straw into pieces that are about one inch long. Thread the pieces of the straw onto the pipe cleaner so that they are touching each other. 3. Now gently bend the pipe cleaner again. How easily does it bend? Answer the following questions: a. Describe how this activity modeled the spine. b. Draw a conclusion using data evidence. 12