Skin. the largest organ of the body 1 mm to 2 mm thick almost 2 square meters 6% of a person s body weight

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2 Skin the largest organ of the body 1 mm to 2 mm thick almost 2 square meters 6% of a person s body weight

3 Functions of the Skin protection disease-causing organisms dangerous chemicals blood loss fluid loss

4 Functions of the Skin temperature regulation

5 blood vessels perspiration sweat glands

6 Functions of the Skin temperature regulation sensation manufacture of small amounts of vitamin D absorption of some chemicals

7 Layers of the Skin epidermis upon outer skin layer of skin dermis inner layer of skin

8 epidermis

9 callus an area of the skin with a thickened epidermis

10 Blister The layers of the skin separate and fluids collect in the space between the separated layers. caused by friction and heat

11 papillae ridges of the dermis that push up into the epidermis

12 dactylography the study of fingerprints

13 dermis oil gland nerve receptor sweat blood gland vessels hair follicle

14 subcutaneous layer under skin

15 melanin a dark brown or black pigment that causes much of the color of human skin

16 melanocytes special cells in the skin that produce melanin

17 carotene a yellowish pigment

18 Tanning is the body s attempt to protect itself from the harmful UV rays of the sun.

19 By tanning, people are actually increasing their risk of skin cancer and causing their skin to age prematurely.

20 sunburn a first-degree burn caused by UV radiation

21 Types of Burns first-degree burns the epidermis only second-degree burns the epidermis and some of the dermis

22 Types of Burns third-degree burns the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

23 Skeleton Types exoskeleton endoskeleton

24 Bones skull mandible clavicle (collarbone) scapula (shoulder blade) humerus

25 Bones ulna (little finger side) radius (thumb side of lower arm) carpals (wrist bones) metacarpals (bones of the hand)

26 Bones phalanges (bones of the fingers) sternum (breastbone) ribs (24 7 pairs of true ribs, 3 pairs of false ribs, 2 pairs of floating ribs)

27 Bones vertebrae (backbones) pelvis femur (largest bone in the body) patella (kneecap) tibia (shinbone)

28 Bones fibula (narrower bone of the lower leg) tarsals (ankle bones) metatarsals (bones of the feet) phalanges (bones of the toes)

29 Skeleton Functions framework for support and movement protection storage of minerals production of blood cells

30 marrow cavity spongy bone hard bone bone marrow

31 periosteum around bone

32 periosteum the tough, white tissue covering the surface of bones

33 ligament a band of connective tissue that attaches a bone to another bone tendon a band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

34 sprain a stretch injury to the ligaments of a joint

35 Bones are made up of living cells that secrete nonliving materials.

36 osteon a microscopic unit of bone consisting of a blood vessel and layers of hard nonliving material around it

37 bone cells blood vessel layers of nonliving bone material

38 cartilage soft, flexible tissue that makes up a portion of the skeleton

39 Bone vs. Cartilage Cartilage has fewer calcium and phosphorus deposits. Cartilage lacks blood vessels.

40 Cartilage Locations the outer ear the tip of the nose between the ribs and the sternum between the vertebrae

41 Location Function outer ear and tip of nose between ribs and sternum between vertebrae provides flexibility acts as shock absorber provides cushioning

42 Joint a place where two or more bones come together held together by ligaments

43 Hinge Joint bends in only one direction

44 Gliding Joint allows limited movement sideways and up and down

45 Ball-and-Socket Joint allows free movement in all directions

46 Pivot Joint allows for rotation

47 Fused Joint does not allow any movement because the bones have fused together

48 Diseases and Disorders of Joints sprains arthritis rheumatism joint inflammation

49 movement Functions of Muscles

50 How Muscles Move pull, never push work in pairs

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52 How Muscles Move pull, never push work in pairs cross over at least one joint

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54 How Muscles Move pull, never push work in pairs cross over at least one joint attach to two different bones

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56 movement posture Functions of Muscles heat production

57 Voluntary Muscles muscles that a person can control at will Involuntary Muscles muscles that are controlled automatically by the brain

58 Striated Muscles = have stripes muscle tissue that displays a pattern of light and dark bands Smooth Muscles muscles that lack striations

59 Types of Muscles skeletal muscles voluntary striated visceral muscles muscles of the internal organs involuntary smooth

60 Types of Muscles cardiac muscle striated involuntary

61 cellular respiration the process by which cells obtain usable energy from energy sources

62 aerobic = requires oxygen anaerobic = without oxygen

63 Muscle cells go through lactic acid fermentation when there s not enough oxygen available for aerobic respiration.

64 Muscle Disorders strain a stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons atrophy a great reduction in muscle tissue

65 Muscle Disorders cramps the painful, involuntary contractions of fatigued muscles muscle spasm

66 skeletal cardiac internal (visceral) striated striated nonstriated voluntary involuntary involuntary