Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acroptilon repens neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, 515, 521 Air embolus venous neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection equine nervous system effects of, 578 Anaplasmosis recumbency in adult horse due to, 536 Astragalus spp. neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, 515 Ataxia defined, 441 Autonomic innervation eye and, B Bacterial diseases equine nervous system effects of, Blindness after intracarotid injections, 476 central causes of, postanesthetic, sudden causes of, chorioretinitis, 473 compressive optic neuropathy, 471 exudative optic neuropathy, head trauma, ischemic or blood loss optic neuropathy, 472 optic neuritis, 472 retinal detachment, 473 toxic neuropathy, Blink reflex in neuro-ophthalmologic examination, 457, 464 Blood loss optic neuropathy sudden blindness in horse due to, 472 Vet Clin Equine 27 (2011) doi: /s (11) vetequine.theclinics.com /11/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2 598 Index Borrelia burgdorferi infection equine nervous system effects of, nerve root lesions and, 435 Botulism, causes of, 507 clinical signs of, , described, diagnosis of, 497 neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, prevention of vaccination in, 498, recumbency in adult horse due to, survival rates, 508 treatment of, 498, 508 Bursitis nuchal, 426 C Cardiovascular system in differential diagnosis of recumbency in adult horse, 539 Central nervous system (CNS) in differential diagnosis of recumbency in adult horse, Cerebral dysfunction hypoglycemia and, Cervical articular process joints osteoarthritis of, Cervical stenotic myelopathy advanced neuroimaging of, Cervical vertebrae cystlike lesions in, 433 fractures of, subluxation of fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh, 427 subluxation of first and second, Chorioretinitis sudden blindness in horse due to, 473 Clostridial myonecrosis recumbency in adult horse due to, 532 CNS. See Central nervous system (CNS) Compression myelopathy recumbency in adult horse due to, Compressive optic neuropathy sudden blindness in horse due to, 471 Corn moldy intoxication with neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, Corneal reflex in neuro-ophthalmologic examination, 466

3 599 Cranial nerves examination of during neuro-ophthalmologic examination, Critical illnesses neuromuscular dysfunction in, Cystlike lesions of cervical vertebrae, 433 D Dandelion neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, Dazzle reflex in neuro-ophthalmologic examination, 465 Desmopathy insertional of nuchal ligament, Diskospondylitis, 431 Drug(s) altered neuromuscular transmission related to, for ataxic or orthopedic disorders in horses, nervous system effects of, See also specific drugs and toxins recumbency in adult horse due to, 537 Dysautonomia neuro-ophthalmologic concerns related to, E Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) equine nervous system effects of, 577 recumbency in adult horse due to, 534 EEE. See Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) Efferent system, 481 Ehrlichiosis equine granulocytic equine nervous system effects of, 578 Electromyography (EMG) in neck lesion evaluation, 423 in neurodiagnostic approach to neuromuscular disorders, single-fiber in neurodiagnostic approach to neuromuscular disorders, 490 Embolus(i) venous air neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, EMND. See Equine motor neuron disease (EMND) Encephalitis viral recumbency in adult horse due to, 534 Encephalopathy(ies) hepatic metabolic causes of, 591 recumbency in adult horse due to,

4 600 Index hypernatremic metabolic causes of, metabolic causes of, hepatic encephalopathy, 591 hypernatremic encephalopathy, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, kernicterus, 593 primary hyperammonemia intestinal disease related, EPM. See Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) Equine anaplasmosis recumbency in adult horse due to, 536 Equine dysautonomia neuro-ophthalmologic concerns related to, Equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis equine nervous system effects of, 578 Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) recumbency in adult horse due to, Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) myeloencephalopathy equine nervous system effects of, Equine leukoencephalomalacia, Equine motor neuron disease (EMND) neuro-ophthalmologic concerns related to, 479 recumbency in adult horse due to, 536 Equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia Centaurea solstitialis, 515, 521 Equine protozoal myelitis recumbency in adult horse due to, 535 Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) equine nervous system effects of, 580 Equine reflex hypertonia (ERH), ERH. See Equine reflex hypertonia (ERH) Exercise for ataxic or orthopedic disorders in horses, 444 Exhaustion recumbency in adult horse due to, 538 Exudative optic neuropathy sudden blindness in horse due to, Eye(s) autonomic innervation and, vestibular system and, F Facial nerve palsy neuro-ophthalmologic concerns related to, First rib lesions of forelimb lameness and, Fluphenazine neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, 511 recumbency in adult horse due to, 537

5 601 Foal(s) hypocalcemic seizures in, 594 hypoglycemia in, neuro-ophthalmologic examination in, Forelimb lameness lesions of first rib and, Fracture(s) of cervical vertebrae, G Gait abnormalities ataxic vs. orthopedic, diagnostic tests for, 445 exercise for, 444 Grass sickness neuro-ophthalmologic concerns related to, Guttural pouch(es) abnormalities of, anatomy of, described, 545 examination of, function of, nervous structures in direct contact with, function of, importance of, Guttural pouch diseases neurologic dysfunction due to, studies of, treatment of neurologic complications associated with, 567 surrounding structures affected by, 563, 567 H Halicephalobus gingivalis infection equine nervous system effects of, Head shaking neuro-ophthalmologic concerns related to, 477 Head trauma sudden blindness in horse due to, Hepatic encephalopathy metabolic causes of, 591 recumbency in adult horse due to, Herpesvirus-1 recumbency in adult horse due to, Herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy equine nervous system effects of, Hyperammonemia primary. See Primary hyperammonemia

6 602 Index Hypernatremia encephalopathy due to, Hypocalcemia, Hypoglycemia cerebral dysfunction related to, recumbency in adult horse due to, Hyponatremia encephalopathy due to, I Infectious diseases equine nervous system effects of, See also specific diseases bacterial diseases, parasitic diseases, protozoal diseases, viral diseases, Insertional desmopathy of nuchal ligament, Intestinal disease primary hyperammonemia associated with encephalopathy due to, See also Primary hyperammonemia, intestinal disease related, encephalopathy due to Intracarotid injections blindness after, 476 neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, 510 Ionophores neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, Ischemic optic neuropathy sudden blindness in horse due to, 472 Ivermectin neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, K Keratoconjunctivitis sicca neuro-ophthalmologic concerns related to, 477 Kernicterus encephalopathy due to, 593 L Lameness lesions of neck and, See also Neck, lesions of, lameness or poor performance associated with Laminitis recumbency in adult horse due to, 531 Lasalocid neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, Lesion(s) of neck lameness or poor performance associated with, See also Neck, lesions of, lameness or poor performance associated with

7 603 Leukoencephalomalacia equine, M Magnesium sulfate neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, 513 Menace response test in neuro-ophthalmologic examination, 464 Metabolic disorders in differential diagnosis of recumbency in adult horse, Monensin neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, recumbency in adult horse due to, Motion in ataxic or lame horses, Motor neurons described, Motor unit defined, 481 Muscle biopsy in neurodiagnostic approach to neuromuscular disorders, Muscle lesions of neck lameness or poor performance associated with, Musculoskeletal system in differential diagnosis of recumbency in adult horse, Myeloencephalitis equine protozoal equine nervous system effects of, 580 Myeloencephalopathy EHV-1 equine nervous system effects of, Myeloma lameness or poor performance associated with neck lesions and, 433 Myelopathy(ies) cervical stenotic advanced neuroimaging of, compression recumbency in adult horse due to, Myopathy(ies) atypical recumbency in adult horse due to, 532 recumbency in adult horse due to, N Neck functional anatomy of, 417

8 604 Index lesions of lameness or poor performance associated with, Borrelia burgdorferi and, 435 clinical examination of, cystlike lesions of cervical vertebrae, 433 diagnostic imaging of, diskospondylitis, 431 fractures of cervical vertebrae, history and clinical signs of, 418 insertional desmopathy of nuchal ligament and injury to semispinalis, lesions of first rib, muscle lesions, myeloma, 433 nuchal bursitis, 426 osteoarthritis of cervical articular process joints, subluxation of fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae, 427 subluxation of first and second cervical vertebrae, suspicion of history and clinical signs giving rise to, 418 Nerve biopsy in neurodiagnostic approach to neuromuscular disorders, Nerve conduction velocity in neurodiagnostic approach to neuromuscular disorders, Nerve root lesions Borrelia burgdorferi and, 435 Nervous system advanced neuroimaging of, See also Neuroimaging, advanced, of equine nervous system infectious diseases affecting, See also specific diseases and Infectious diseases, equine nervous system effects of toxins and adverse drug reactions affecting, See also specific drugs and toxins Acroptilon repens, 515, 521 Astragalus spp., 515 botulism, dandelion, fluphenazine, 511 intracarotid injections, 510 ionophores, ivermectin, lasalocid, less common, long-term sedatives, magnesium sulfate, 513 moldy corn intoxication, monensin, Oxytropis spp., 515 procaine, 509 propylene glycol, 513

9 605 reserpine, Russian knapweed, 515, 521 salinomycin, stringhalt, venous air emboli, yellow star thistle, 515, 521 Neuritis optic sudden blindness in horse due to, 472 Neuro-ophthalmologic examination, autonomic innervation in, blindness-related, See also Blindness, sudden, causes of corneal reflex in, 466 cranial nerves examined during, dazzle or squint reflex in, 465 described, in foals, menace response test in, 464 palpebral or blink reflex in, 457, 464 pupillary light reflex in, summary of, vision testing in, 466 Neuro-ophthalmology, conditions with concerns related to, systemic diseases with concerns related to, Neuroelectrodiagnosis in neuromuscular disorders evaluation, Neuroimaging advanced of equine nervous system, anatomic knowledge related to, cervical stenotic myelopathy, described, imaging examination selection in, introductory cross-sectional interpretation principles, temporohyoid osteoarthropathy, Neurologic disorders, guttural pouch diseases and, See also Guttural pouch(es); Guttural pouch diseases Neuromuscular disorders, botulism, See also Botulism clinical signs of, 483, 485 in critical illness, hypocalcemia, neurodiagnostic approach to, described, EMG in, single-fiber, 490 muscle biopsy in, nerve biopsy in, nerve conduction velocity in,

10 606 Index neuroelectrodiagnosis in, repetitive nerve stimulation in, 490 organophosphate toxicity, polyneuritis equi, shivers, 500 Neuromuscular systems in differential diagnosis of recumbency in adult horse, Neuromuscular transmission drug effects on, Neuron(s) motor described, Neuropathy(ies) sudden blindness in horse due to, See also specific neuropathies Nuchal bursitis, 426 Nuchal ligament insertional desmopathy of, Nuclear scintigraphy in neck lesion evaluation, 422 O Optic neuritis sudden blindness in horse due to, 472 Organophosphate toxicity, Osteoarthritis of cervical articular process joints, Osteoarthropathy temporohyoid advanced neuroimaging of, Oxytropis spp. neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, 515 P Palpebral reflex in neuro-ophthalmologic examination, 457, 464 Parasitic diseases equine nervous system effects of, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection equine nervous system effects of, 582 Peripheral nervous system in differential diagnosis of recumbency in adult horse, Polyneuritis equi, Poor performance lesions of neck and, 417. See also Neck, lesions of, lameness or poor performance associated with Primary hyperammonemia intestinal disease related

11 607 encephalopathy due to, clinical signs of, 590 described, 589 diagnosis of, 590 laboratory findings in, 590 pathophysiology of, 590 treatment of, recumbency in adult horse due to, Procaine neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, 509 Propylene glycol neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, 513 Protozoal diseases equine nervous system effects of, Ptosis causes of, 469 Pupillary light reflex in neuro-ophthalmologic examination, R Rabies equine nervous system effects of, recumbency in adult horse due to, 534 Radiography in neck lesion evaluation, Radiology in neck lesion evaluation, Recumbent adult horse, , differential diagnosis of, cardiovascular system, 539 CNS, metabolic disorders, musculoskeletal system, neuromuscular systems, peripheral nervous system, respiratory system, 539 management of, Reflex(es). See specific types Repetitive nerve stimulation in neurodiagnostic approach to neuromuscular disorders, 490 Reserpine neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, Respiratory system in differential diagnosis of recumbency in adult horse, 539 Retinal detachment sudden blindness in horse due to, 473 Russian knapweed neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, 515, 521

12 608 Index S Salinomycin neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, Scintigraphy nuclear in neck lesion evaluation, 422 Sedative(s) long-term neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, Seizure(s) hypocalcemic in foals, 594 Semispinalis injury to, Shivers, 500 Single-fiber electromyography (EMG) in neurodiagnostic approach to neuromuscular disorders, 490 Snakeroot ingestion of recumbency in adult horse due to, 533 Squint reflex in neuro-ophthalmologic examination, 465 Stance in ataxic or lame horses, Stringhalt neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, Systemic diseases neuro-ophthalmologic concerns related to, T Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy advanced neuroimaging of, Tetanus recumbency in adult horse due to, 536 Toxic neuropathy sudden blindness in horse due to, Toxin(s) nervous system effects of, See also specific drugs and toxins recumbency in adult horse due to, 537 Trauma head sudden blindness in horse due to, U Ultrasonography in neck lesion evaluation, 423 V Vaccination in botulism prevention, 498,

13 609 VEE. See Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) equine nervous system effects of, 577 recumbency in adult horse due to, 534 Venous air emboli neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, Vestibular system dysfunction of recumbency in adult horse due to, eye and, Viral diseases equine nervous system effects of, EEE, 577 EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy, rabies, VEE, 577 WEE, 577 West Nile virus infection, Vision testing in neuro-ophthalmologic examination, 466 W WEE. See Western equine encephalitis (WEE) West Nile virus infection equine nervous system effects of, Western equine encephalitis (WEE) equine nervous system effects of, 577 recumbency in adult horse due to, 534 Y Yellow star thistle neurologic dysfunction in horses due to, 515, 521