Feasability of protontherapy with lasers plasma accelerators : the SAPHIR project

Transcription

1 Palaiseau - FRANCE Feasability of protontherapy with lasers plasma accelerators : the SAPHIR project Victor Malka victor.malka@ensta.fr 1

2 In collaboration with : A. Flacco, F. Sylla, A. Guemnie-Tafo Laboratoire d Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Palaiseau, France E. Lefebvre, R. Nuter, M. Carrie CEA/DAM Ile-de-France, France Thanks to Prof. A. Smith, S. Bulanov, C. Ma, H. Daido 2

3 Summary Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives 3

4 Protons acceleration with lasers : Static electric fields 4

5 Protons are accelerated from both side : Courtesy of E. D Humières 5

6 Experimental results : Maxwellian spectra Proton number (/MeV) Protons energy (MeV) 10 Hz laser at LOA V. Malka et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 15 (2003), Med. Phys. 31, 6 (2004) Robson et al., Nature Physics 3 (2007) M. Borghesi :20 MeV, W/cm 2, 50 fs laser, D. Neely QM? 6

7 Experimental results : quasi mono energetic spectra proton counts [a.u.] 1,2 Simulation Experiment 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 proton energy [MeV] Schwoerer, H. et al., Nature, 439 (2006) 7

8 3D Simulations : quasi mono energetic 170 MeW with PW laser TARGET Gold ω pe / ω = 3 0.5µm protons 0.03µm 10µm 5µm code ω pe / ω = 0.53 Schwoerer, H. et al., Nature, 439 (2006) 8

9 3D Simulations: Radiation Pressure Dominated regime with Linear Polarization I=10 23 W/cm 2, Target thickness = 1µm, N e = cm -3 Esirkepov, Bulanov, PRL 04 9

10 2 D Simulations* : Radiation Pressure Dominated regime with Circular Polarization Macchi A et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett Robinson A P L et al 2008 New J. Phys *Klimo O et al 2008 Phys. Rev. ST-AB I=3x10 20 W/cm 2, N e = cm -3 Target thickness = 0.2 µm S. Pukhov : 3D Results are not so good 10

11 Summary Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives 11

12 Causes of Local Cancer Failure The primary cause for local failure is our inability to deliver a letal dose of radiation to the tumour cells. The reasons for this include : -We cannot determine the exact location and extend tumor cells and their route to spread -Inadequate treatment. -Proximity of dose limiting normal tissues and organs (brains stem, optics, lung, gut, etc.) -Less that optimum dose distribution of the radiation beam used for treatment. 12

13 Comparison of the dose distribution 100 x ray Relative dose [%] γ ray neutron proton carbon ion tumor Depth in water [cm] 13

14 Protons provide superior dose distributions Protons Stop Photons don t stop The «optimum» dose distribution delivers 100% dose to the tumour target and not to critical normal tissues. Proton beams deliver dose distribution that are more optimum than those from photon beams This should result in improved clinical outcomes when proton beams are used. 14

15 Protons provide superior dose distributions 15

16 Protontherapy Facilities in the World 26 facilities worldwide treating patients 6 in Japan (4 hospital-based) : Chiban, NCC East- Kashiva, HIBMC-Hyogo, PMRC-Tsukuba, WERC-Wakasa, Shizuoka,Cancer Center 6 in the United States (4 hospital-based) : LLUMC, MGH, MDACC, Univ. of Florida, Univ. of Indiana, UC Davis 10 in Europe/Russia 4 additional facilites (UK, China, Korea, South Africa) > 55,000 patients have been treated with proton beams 22 additional Institutions worldwide are developing new facilities 16

17 Protontherapy Facilities in the World TREATING : PROTONS 26, CARBON IONS 3 17

18 Protontherapy center : large & expensive & performant 18

19 Accelerators used in protonthrapy 19

20 Accelerators specifications protontherapy Diameter : 3,4 m Weigth 60 tons «self» radioprotection Courant max : 500 na ( p.s -1 ) Output Energiy : 250 MeV Extraction efficiency : 80 % Emittance : few p-mm.mrad 95 % reliability (garanty by the compagny) 6 compagnies in the world Cost ~10 M 20

21 Accelerators specifications protonthrapy 21

22 Summary Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives 22

23 Need for improvement in cancer treatment Tumor Site Head/Neck Gastrointestinal Gynecologic Genitourinary Lung Breast Lymphoma Skin, Bone, Soft Tissue Brain Deaths/year 22, ,000 28,000 55, ,000 41,000 20,000 15,000 12,000 Deaths due to local failure of treatment 13,200 (60%) 54,000 (40%) 14,000 (50%) 27,500 (50%) 40,000 (25%) 4,920 (12%) 2,400 (12%) 5,000 (33%) 10,800 (90%) Total 488, ,820 (35%) 350,000 new cancer patients per year in the US 23

24 Indications for protontherapy in France Very selective prescription because of the cost and of the weight of the infrastrucutre. Determined by the need of having an high balistic precision. Medical impact Major prescriptions Tumour localisationnb of patient per yeartotal Eyes tumours 400 / 450 Neuro-oncology and Rachis / Childs and adolescent 300 / 500 Sarcomes retro-peritony 80 / 100 other possible prescriptions ORL 500 / / Lungs (poumons) / other cancers / Potential prescriptions Some prostate cancers / Re-irradiations 500 / Estimation of the number of patients to be treated per year in France / / / recent publication: protontherapy should be beneficial for 15% of patients wich requires radiotherapy treatment (i.e patients per year in France) Capacity of protontherapy in France : 600 patients per year (800 en 2011). 24

25 The raisons of a non satisfied medical need -2 protontherapy center in France (Orsay et Nice) 12 centres protons et 1 centre carbone ( en projet : 5 centres protons, 1 centre carbone et 4 centres associant protons et carbone) -30 centres in «modern» countries -Limitation due : Cost of the installation : 80 à 140 M Size of the installation : 1000 to 2000 m² 7 centres protons (dont 1 au Canada) ( en projet : 2 centres protons) 1 centre protons ( en projet : 1 centre protons) 5 centres protons et 2 centres carbone (en projet : 1 centre protons) en projet : 1 centre protons 1 centre protons 21 protons ions carbone Market in progress but still limited by the cost and the size of the installation Estimation of the needed protontherapy center in the world (based on the hypothesis that 15% of patients are treated by proton beam) : In Europe : 300 In USA :

26 The SAPHIR/PROPULSE Project Economic Challenges Reduce the cost Reduce the infrastructure size Reduce the radioprotection cost &size Optimize the energy distribution Project Partners: G. RIBOULET, Amplitude Tech., PDG H. KAFROUNI, Dosisoft, PDG P. BOVAL, Propulse SAS, PDG Y. DEMAY, ENSTA, Directeur P. BEY, Inst. Curie, Dir. de l Hôpital Curie G. LENOIR, IGR, Dir. de la Recherche D. NORMAND, CEA, Dir. SPAM-IRAMIS R. FERRAND, CPO-Curie, Resp. Tech. Scientific Challenges for an alternative technique Energy max ( MeV ) Modulate and control the energy spectrum Stable and repoducible Compact Goal of the project : To develop a demonstrator (pre prototype) Machine cost less than M Total size : <1000 m² Phase 1 : 6ME Phase 2 : 14 ME Phase 3 : Prototype 26

27 Potential advantages of laser plasma accelerators Radioprotection Wall thicknesses is strongly of 3 m reduced Proton Laser beam transport + No radioprotection need of radioprotection 70 m X Gantry Beam :10m, delivering >120 tons, at 10 the MEuros end Cyclotron Laser chain, or synchrotron weight : 1 ton (activation) Power : 10 kw 100 Cost to : ME tons, power> 500 kw Adjustable beam parameters 27

28 Russia: courtesy of Prof. S. Bulanov PRESENT-DAY SYSTEM Протонный ускоритель SUGGESTION General scheme of the GANTRY: 1. bending magnets; 2. quadrupole lenses; 3. couch (positioner); 4. dose delivery and monitoring system; 5. procedure room; 6. concrete shielding. Magneto-optic system must be precisely manufactured and capable of being rotated as a whole (~100 tons! ). GANTRY IS NOT REQUIRED DOUBLE-LAYER TARGET S. Bulanov,V.Khoroshkov, PPHR 5/

29 Development of Laser-Accelerated Proton Accelerators for Cancer Therapy USA Courtesy of Prof C-M Ma, Department of Radiation Oncology, Philadelphia, USA 29

30 Summary Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives 30

31 The concurrent : Dielectric Wall Accelerators An electric field propagates down the bore of the accelerator pushing the proton «packet» in front of it 250 MeV protons in 2 meters The goal is to have a full scale prototype operational in 4-5 years 31

32 Dielectric Wall Accelerators : artistic view 32

33 Industrial markert for accelerators: Total accelerators sales increase more than 10%/year Application Total systems (2007) approx. System sold/yr Sales/yr ($M) System price ($M) Cancer Therapy Ion Implantation Electron cutting and welding Electron beam and X-ray irradiators Radioisotope production (incl. PET) Non-destructive testing (incl. security) Ion beam analysis (incl. AMS) Neutron generators (incl. sealed tubes) Total

34 Laser based protontherapy projects around the world Projet Fox Chase Center (USA) LIBRA (UK consortium) Dresden (Germany) : OnCOOPtics MPQ (Germany) JAERI (Japon): «Medical laser Valley»: PMRC Russia Italy (Bologna, Prof. G. Turchetti) Etc? 34

35 Conclusions Proton Proton beam beam are are produced produced by by plasma plasma accelerators accelerators : Stability has been improved by improving the laser contrast Stability has been improved by improving the laser contrast They produce quasi monoenergetic beam They produce quasi monoenergetic beam Peak energy still moderated (no evolution in years) 12MeV with 10 Peak energy still moderated (no evolution in 6 years) : 12MeV with 10 Hz laser, 70 MeV with PW large scale laser Hz laser, 70 MeV with PW large scale laser : 20 MeV with 50fs Number of proton per second can be problem Number of proton per second can be a problem? Target fabrication and alignement at high repetition rate Target fabrication and alignement at high repetition rate? In progress (LIBRA) Biological response with high current dose? Biological response with high current dose? V. Malka et al., Nature Physics