THE DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP: THE TEAM APPROACH
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1 X-Ray Associates of New Mexico, P.C. THE DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP: THE TEAM APPROACH MICHAEL N. LINVER, MD, FACR DAWN DERENBURGER, RTRM
2 Disclosure There are no conflicts of interest or relevant financial interests in making this presentation and have indicated that my presentation does not include discussion of an unlabeled use of a commercial product, or an investigational use not yet approved for any purpose.
3 Objectives Identify characteristics of quality standards for optimal positioning Discuss methods for resolving imaging challenges Demonstrate appropriate uses of additional views for lesion localization Explain methodology and utilzation of triangulation theory
4 MODERN ESSENTIALS (BREAST IMAGING) Ultrasound Mammography (and now TOMO) MRI
5
6 THE BUILDING BLOCKS The key to a good diagnostic exam depends on excellence of the standard CC and MLO.
7 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD CC PNL measurement within 1 cm of PNL measurement on MLO Cleavage demonstrated Visualization of pectoralis muscle (20%) * Nipple centered and in profile (if possible)
8 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD MLO Visualization of the entire breast within the perimeter. Visualization of pectoralis muscle Nipple in profile (if possible) Breast in up and out position Visualization of IMF
9 VISUALIZATION OF THE PECTORALIS MUSCLE Down to the level of the PNL Convex or straight Wide margin at axilla Radiolucent
10 THE GOOD MAMMOGRAM Posterior Nipple Line (PNL) Right Left CC VIEWS
11 THE GOOD MAMMOGRAM Posterior Nipple Line (PNL) Right Left MLO VIEWS
12 THE GOOD MAMMOGRAM Posterior Nipple Line (PNL) Right Left PNL S= WITHIN 1 CM OF EACH OTHER
13 POSTERIOR NIPPLE LINE mlo cc No more than 1 cm difference between the 2 measurements
14 THE MLO VIEW, AND ADVENTURES IN TRIANGULATION mlo
15 IF AREA OF CONCERN SEEN WELL ON CC VIEW ONLY: WHERE COULD IT BE LOCATED ON THE MLO VIEW?
16 USING DISTANCE FROM NIPPLE cc mlo NO!
17 USING DISTANCE FROM NIPPLE cc mlo YES!
18 A-P LOCATION ISSUES cc mlo?
19 A-P LOCATION ISSUES cc mlo YES!
20 A-P LOCATION ISSUES cc mlo NO!
21 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM cc? mlo
22 LOOKS LIKE A CANCER! cc mlo
23 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM cc? mlo WHERE IS IT ON THE MLO VIEW?
24 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM cc? mlo NO!
25 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM mlo? lateral-medial?
26 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM cc lateral-medial YES!
27 QUADRANT LOCATION ISSUES
28 IMAGE vs. BREAST PLANE Rmlo IMAGE PLANE BREAST PLANE
29 IMAGE vs. BREAST PLANE Rmlo IMAGE PLANE BREAST PLANE
30 Perceived vs. true halves mlo
31 Perceived vs. true halves mlo
32 VALUE OF KNOWING THE PLANE OF THE LESION Limits area where the lesion can be within the breast Defines a path for directing your search: Sonography Palpation mlo
33 MAMMOGRAPHY LOCALIZER: An ios app for the iphone! Developed by Dr. John Bisges, University of Mississippi (As shown on AuntMinnie.com)
34 90 degree lat. mlo TRIANGULATION cc Lead sinks, Muffins rise Medial lesions (Muffins) rise
35 90 degree lat. mlo TRIANGULATION cc Lead sinks, Muffins rise Medial lesions (Muffins) rise
36 90 degree lat. mlo TRIANGULATION cc Lead sinks, Muffins rise Lateral lesions (Lead) sinks
37 90 degree lat. mlo TRIANGULATION cc Lead sinks, Muffins rise Lateral lesions (Lead) sinks
38 Superior or inferior orientation to the nipple: LM or ML
39 ML LM
40
41
42 Why do the LM? When you did the MLO you showed the lateral breast in better detail. The LM shows the medial breast in better detail. The LM takes advantage of the lateral mobile border of the breast There is no issue of the contralateral breast impeding the path of the compression paddle The hardest part of the breast to image (and the area most often missing on the MLO) is the posterior medial breast. If done properly (off-setting the IR into the contralateral breast) you will be able to get deeper against the chest wall.
43 ANOTHER TRIANGULATION mediolateral CASE mlo cc?? WHAT DO YOU DO NEXT?
44 CC MLO?
45 ROLL VIEW Roll top laterally while rolling bottom medially, or vice versa CC
46 ROLL VIEW? ASYMMETRY DISAPPEARS: SUMMATION ARTIFACT! CC Rolled CC
47 HOW TO DO A ROLL VIEW Top rolled medial? Top rolled lateral? Both?
48
49
50
51 Labeling Roll views are always labeled according the direction that the top of the breast is rolled RCCRL RCCRM
52 DETERMINING LESION LOCATION, IF ASYMMETRY PERSISTS ON THE ROLL VIEW
53 ROLL VIEW Cranial lesion! BB placed on top CC Top of breast rolled laterally
54 ROLL VIEW Caudal lesion! BB placed on top CC Top of breast rolled laterally
55 TANGENTIAL VIEWS Prove that superficial suspicious calcifications are located in the skin Enhance visualization of palpable and/or obscured masses that may otherwise be superimposed on glandular breast tissue Localizing a lesion that is seen on only one standard view
56 TANGENTIAL VIEWS Prove that superficial suspicious calcifications are located in the skin Enhance visualization of palpable and/or obscured masses that may otherwise be superimposed on glandular breast tissue Localizing a lesion that is seen on only one standard view
57 Tangential views for the verification of skin calcifications
58 Tangential views for the verification of skin calcifications
59 Tangential views for the verification of skin calcifications
60 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM
61 ?
62 ? METALLIC BB PLACED USING ALPHA- NUMERIC GRID IN FENESTRATED PADDLE
63 ? METALLIC BB PLACED USING ALPHA- NUMERIC GRID IN FENESTRATED PADDLE
64 TANGENTIAL VIEW CALCIFICATIONS ARE IN THE SKIN!
65 TOMOSYNTHESIS FOR EVALUATION OF SKIN CALCIFICATIONS Find precise locations of calcifications in space Excellent for skin calcifications
66 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM? 106
67 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM? 107
68 SKIN CALCS! (POWDER TRAPPED IN SKIN PORES) TOMO SLICE #1
69 TANGENTIAL VIEWS Prove that superficial suspicious calcifications are located in the skin Enhance visualization of palpable and/or obscured masses that may otherwise be superimposed on glandular breast tissue
70
71
72
73
74
75
76 FIRST SCREENING MAMMOGRAM
77 FIRST SCREENING MAMMOGRAM: IMPLANT DISPLACED VIEWS
78 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM, NEXT YEAR
79 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM, NEXT YEAR: IMPLANT DISPLACED VIEWS?
80 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM, NEXT YEAR: SPOT TANGENTIAL VIEW, LOWER LEFT
81 FOCUSED ULTRASOUND, 5:00 LEFT
82 BREAST MRI: POST-CONTRAST AXIAL VIEW
83 BREAST MRI: HI-RES SAGITTAL RECONSTRUCTION INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA
84 BREAST MRI: PRE-CONTRAST AXIAL VIEW, TO LOOK AT IMPLANTS BILATERAL RUPTURED IMPLANTS TOO!
85 TANGENTIAL VIEWS Prove that superficial suspicious calcifications are located in the skin Enhance visualization of palpable and/or obscured masses that may otherwise be superimposed on glandular breast tissue Localizing a lesion that is seen on only one standard view
86 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM CC MLO
87 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM CC MLO
88 NOT SEEN ON CC VIEW CC MLO? SO- DO STEP OBLIQUE VIEWS!
89 How to perform step obliques Patient should be positioned as for standard MLO/CC both feet, hips and shoulders facing forward Start with the view in which are area of concern was best visualized. Maintaining patient position vary degree of MLO by 15 degees 102
90 Walk-around, or step oblique CC Seen on 60 only
91 Step oblique views performed CC
92 DRAW A LINE THROUGH THE LESION ON THE VIEWS YOU SEE IT ON Step oblique views performed CC
93 Step oblique views performed SO- LESION IS IN LATERAL SIDE OF BREAST! NOW KNOW WHERE TO LOOK ON ULTRASOUND! 15 CC
94 THE DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP WHEN TOMOSYNTHESIS IS AVAILABLE The one view mass (asymmetry?) Tomo gives us a lesion s address in all three planes!! Therefore, we can closely estimate the position in space of a lesion seen on one view only!
95 MLO 2012
96
97 MLO TOMO Tomo Slice 15
98 NOW WE KNOW IT HAS TO BE IN THE RIGHT UPPER OUTER QUADRANT! HOW DO WE KNOW THAT? MLO 2D VIEW TOMO SLICE 15 (of 45 slices)
99 IMAGE vs. BREAST PLANE Rmlo RLM IMAGE PLANE IMAGE PLANE BREAST PLANE
100 Tomo slice orientation on LM Rmlo RLM IMAGE PLANE slice 1 slice 45 slice 15 IMAGE PLANE BREAST PLANE
101 Tomo slice orientation on LM Rmlo RLM slice 1 slice 45 slice 15 IMAGE PLANE BREAST PLANE
102 IMAGE vs. BREAST PLANE WITH THE MLO VIEW Rmlo IMAGE PLANE IMAGE PLANE IMAGE PLANE BREAST PLANE
103 Tomo slice orientation on MLO mlo slice 1 slice 15 slice 45 LESION MUST LIE IN UOQ
104 11:00, 12 cm from nipple
105 Tomo slice orientation on MLO mlo 11:00, 12 cm from nipple slice 15
106 BUT- WHAT IF LESION HAD BEEN AT SLICE 20 ON MLO TOMO? mlo slice 1 UIQ UOQ slice 20 LOQ slice 45 NOT NECESSARILY IN UOQ!!
107 WHAT IF LESION HAD BEEN AT SLICE 20 ON LM TOMO? Rmlo RLM slice 1 slice 45 slice 20 IMAGE PLANE BREAST PLANE LM VIEW MORE PRECISE!
108 TEACHING POINTS: 1. ACCURATE TRIANGULATION OF A ONE VIEW FINDING ON TOMOSYNTHESIS IS ONE OF TOMO S GREATEST ASSETS 2. HOWEVER, DEFINITIVE LOCATION OF SUCH A LESION CAN BE COMPROMISED BY MULTIPLE FACTORS, ESPECIALLY ON THE MLO
109 Thank you! MIKE LINVER DAWN DERENBURGER
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