TOMOSYNTHESIS: WORTH ALL THE HYPE?

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1 X-Ray Associates of New Mexico, P.C. TOMOSYNTHESIS: WORTH ALL THE HYPE? MICHAEL N. LINVER, MD, FACR

2 MAMMOGRAPHY: THE GOOD, THE PRETTY GOOD, & THE NOT SO GOOD

3 MAMMOGRAPHY: THE GOOD, THE PRETTY GOOD, & THE NOT SO GOOD Prompt annual mammography has shown the ability to reduce the mortality rate from breast cancer in a populafon by 15% to 50%. As many as 20% of breast cancers will be missed by 2D mammography. Approximately 10% of women are recalled for addifonal workup and a significant porfon prove to have no abnormality, resulfng in unnecessary anxiety and cost.

4 MAMMOGRAPHY Gur et al. Trends in Recall, Biopsy, and Positive Biopsy Rates for Screening Mammography Radiology, May 2005; 235:

5 NEW TOOLS IN MAMMOGRAPHY Full Field Digital Mammography ( 2-D ) Tomosynthesis ( 3-D Mammography ) NOW WE CAN SLICE AND DICE!

6 In 2D DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY: Tissue superimposifon hides cancers in 2D Tissue superimposifon mimics cancers in 2D Lesion Superimposed in 2D

7 THE SOLUTION IS TOMOSYNTHESIS Tomosynthesis is a three-dimensional mammographic examinafon that can minimize the effects of structure overlap within the breast

8 HOW DOES 3D MAMMOGRAPHY (BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS) WORK?

9 3D PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION X-ray tube moves in an arc across the breast A series of low dose images are acquired from different angles Total dose approximately the same as one 2D mammogram ProjecFon images are reconstructed into 1 mm slices Compression { Reconstructed Slices Arc of motion of x-ray tube, showing individual exposures Paddle Compressed Breast Detector Housing

10 Why Digital Breast Tomosynthesis? 3D improves visibility by reducing tissue superimposition

11 BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS (HOLOGIC SYSTEM) LCC 2D

12 LCC 2D

13 3D 2D 2D

14 BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS (HOLOGIC SYSTEM) ANOTHER CASE: 3D 2D

15 BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS (HOLOGIC SYSTEM) 3D 2D

16 3D 2D

17 The Value of 2D Plus Breast Tomosynthesis Breast cancer screening with tomosynthesis finds more cancers than convenfonal 2D mammography 1 Tomosynthesis gives radiologists the confidence to significantly reduce recall rates 2 Masses, distorfons and asymmetric densifes are beder visualized with breast tomosynthesis 3 1. Skaane P, Gullien R, Eben EB, et. al. Reading Fme of FFDM and tomosynthesis in a populafon-based screening program. Radiological Society of North America annual meefng. Chicago, Il, FDA PMA submission P Bernardi D, Ciado S, Pellegrini M, et. al. ProspecFve study of breast tomosynthesis as a triage to assessment in screening. Breast Cancer Res Treat Jan 22 [Epub ahead of print]. AND RECENT STUDIES:

18 2-D CONVENTIONAL DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY vs 2-D PLUS 3-D TOMOSYNTHESIS 12,631 Screening Studies 2-D Digital Mammo alone: 6.1/1000 detect. rate 2-D + 3-D Tomosynthesis: 8.1/1000 detect. rate Difference: 25% increase in cancer detection rate with tomosynthesis (25 more cancers) False Positive rate: Decreased by 15% (61/1000 vs. 53/1000) with tomosynthesis Skaane P, Bandos AI, Guillien R, et al. Comparison of digital mammography alone with digital mammography plus tomosynthesis in a population-based screening program. Radiology 2013, vol. 267: pp

19 2-D CONVENTIONAL DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY vs 2-D PLUS 3-D TOMOSYNTHESIS

20

21

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23

24

25

26 PERFORMANCE OF DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY & DBT OVER TIME McDonald ES, Oustimov A, Weinstein SP. Effectiveness of DBT compared to Digital Mammography: Outcomes analysis from 3 years of breast cancer screening. JAMA oncol. published online 2/18/2016; doi: /jamaoncol

27 THEREFORE, CURRENT STUDIES SHOW THAT TOMOSYNTHESIS IN THE SCREENING SETTING TRULY CAN FIND MORE CANCERS, AND DECREASE THE RECALL RATE, AT THE SAME TIME! WHO SAYS THERE IS NO FREE LUNCH?

28 TOMOSYNTHESIS: WHERE IS IT MOST HELPFUL? Greatest application: architectural distortion Also good for masses Does it have any value added for calcifications? So far, the reviews are mixed

29 TOMOSYNTHESIS: ITS ROLE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF CALCIFICATIONS Tomosynthesis does NOT have an important role in the DIAGNOSTIC evaluation of calcifications seen at screening Intrinsic resolution not as good as 2D Tomosynthesis does have some value vis-avis calcifications as part of the screening mammogram It has certain advantages over 2D, and certain disadvantages as well

30 ADVANTAGES OF TOMOSYNTHESIS FOR EVALUATION OF CALCIFICATIONS Eliminates superimposed tissue: potentially see calcifications in that plane better Good for dense breast tissue Find precise locations of calcifications in space Excellent for skin calcifications Allows better visualization of surrounding tissues Great for identifying an associated mass in dense breast tissue

31 ADVANTAGES OF TOMOSYNTHESIS FOR EVALUATION OF CALCIFICATIONS Eliminates superimposed tissue: potentially see calcifications in that plane better Good for dense breast tissue Find precise locations of calcifications in space Excellent for skin calcifications Allows better visualization of surrounding tissues Great for identifying an associated mass in dense breast tissue

32 ? VASCULAR CALCS! 2D TOMO SLICE

33 ADVANTAGES OF TOMOSYNTHESIS FOR EVALUATION OF CALCIFICATIONS Eliminates superimposed tissue: potentially see calcifications in that plane better Good for dense breast tissue Find precise locations of calcifications in space Excellent for skin calcifications Allows better visualization of surrounding tissues Great for identifying an associated mass in dense breast tissue

34 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM?

35 SCREENING MAMMOGRAM?

36 SKIN CALCS! (POWDER TRAPPED IN SKIN PORES) TOMO SLICE #1

37 WHAT ABOUT TOMOSYNTHESIS IN THE DIAGNOSTIC SETTING?

38 TOMOSYNTHESIS IN THE DIAGNOSTIC SETTING Screening Tomo is a DIAGNOSTIC tool, with better lesion characterization & improved lesion visibility, resulting in less screen recalls Screening Tomo is often as good or better than diagnostic 2D spot mammogram views Must perform both CC & MLO screening Tomo views to optimize cancer detection & analysis

39 CURRENT LEFT CC (2D) CURRENT LEFT MLO (2D)

40 CURRENT LEFT CC (3D) CURRENT LEFT MLO (3D)

41 NO ADDITIONAL SPOT VIEWS NECESSARY! CURRENT LEFT MLO (3D) CURRENT LEFT MLO (2D) INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA

42

43 TOMOSYNTHESIS IN THE DIAGNOSTIC SETTING Screening Tomo is a DIAGNOSTIC tool, with better lesion characterization & improved lesion visibility, resulting in less screen recalls Screening Tomo is often as good or better than diagnostic 2D spot mammogram views Must perform both CC & MLO screening Tomo views to optimize cancer detection & analysis Additional spot Tomo views are also useful, especially for evaluation of anterior lesions Suspicious calcifications should always be evaluated with 2D spot magnification views

44 TOMO CC SLICE 2D CC IMAGE CC SPOT 2D VIEW

45 WHAT ABOUT DOSE?

46 WHAT ABOUT DOSE? Comparison of Doses: Standard 4-view Screening Exam Hologic System 2D Plus 3D Tomosynthesis New Mexico

47 SYNTHESIZED 2D VIEW NOW HERE: C-VIEW (HOLOGIC) Synthesized 2D Real 2D Courtesy Steven Poplack, MD

48 C-view Synthesized 2D Image How does it work? Perform a standard tomosynthesis scan (exisfng system) Reconstruct tomosynthesis slices (exisfng system) Synthesize 2D image (C-View) Similar to Maximum Intensity ProjecFon (MIP) as done with MRI images ~60 Tomosynthesis Slices Image Summation C-View

49 Arch. DistorFon only on s2d and DBT 51 yo architectural distorfon seen only on s2d/dbt Pathology: invasive ductal carcinoma. DM DBT s2d

50 SyntheFc 2D with Tomosynthesis DM s2d Pathology: Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

51 RADIATION DOSE WHEN SYNTHETIC VIEW IS ADDED TO TOMOSYNTHESIS VIEW: NO ADDED RADIATION DOSE! Comparison of Doses: Standard 4-view Screening Exam C-view plus Tomo Hologic System 2D Plus 3D Tomosynthesis New Mexico

52 A FEW REPRESENTATIVE CASES:

53 Case 1 IMPROVED SENSITIVITY: MASSES

54 2D 3D

55 Digital Mammo (2D) Tomo Slice (3D) INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA

56 Case 2 IMPROVED SENSITIVITY: MASSES

57 Hx: 46 year old, previous lumpectomy on Lel for cancer IndicaFon: Annual Screening Comparison studies: None available

58 CC view

59 MLO view

60 CC LEFT

61 POST-OPERATIVE SCAR MLO LEFT

62 CC RIGHT

63 CC RIGHT

64 CC RIGHT

65 MLO RIGHT

66 MLO RIGHT

67 MLO RIGHT

68 INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA

69 Case 3 IMPROVED SENSITIVITY: ARCHITECTURAL DISTORTION

70 2D RCC 70

71 2D RCC 71

72 2D Tomo Slice (3D) INVASIVE LOBULAR CARCINOMA 72

73 Another case: REDUCTION OF RECALLS: PSEUDO-LESIONS

74 2D LMLO

75 2D LMLO

76 LMLO LLM LSMLO 2D DiagnosFc Images 76

77 Digital Mammo (2D) Tomo Slices (3D) NO MASS SEEN: Superimposed Blood Vessel! 77

78 NOW WE CAN SAVE LIVES LIKE NEVER BEFORE, AND - WE CAN CALL LESS PATIENTS BACK TO DO SO! (A REAL WIN-WIN SITUATION!)

79 FOR QUESTIONS OR CONCERNS, PLEASE CONTACT ME AT:

80 Thank you!

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