READ THE DIRECTIONS BIOLOGY: A HUMAN APPROACH EXAMINATION I NAME. EBIO 1040, SECS. #0001 & #0002 6:30 PM February 20, 2017

Transcription

1 READ THE DIRECTIONS BIOLOGY: A HUMAN APPROACH EXAMINATION I NAME EBIO 1040, SECS. #0001 & #0002 6:30 PM February 20, 2017 INSTRUCTIONS: Use a SOFT-LEAD pencil (#1 or #2) for writing in and mark-sensing your name, CU I.D. number, lecture section number and answers on the exam answer sheet, erasing completely when necessary. For the lecture section number, use either 0001 or 0002 in the Section ID slot at the bottom of the answer sheet. An answer key, your percent exam score and the grade cut-offs you will need to calculate your grade will be posted on D2L ASAP. Be sure to guess any time you do not know an answer. There are no deliberately tricky questions, so if something doesn t make sense to you, ask one of the proctors. Expect to have the equivalent of one question deducted from your exam score if you are not taking the exam in the proper location (See below)! Your cell phone is to be turned off and if you must wear a hat, turn the bill to the back. You are not to use phones, computers, calculators, mobile devices or screens of any kind during this exam. There cannot be any earphones/pieces/pods etc., in or around your ears at any time. Any answers you have put on your answer sheet or exam are to be covered in such a way that no one can see them, and do not let your eyes wander. Use the lavatory before, not during the exam! STOP MAKE SURE YOU ARE SITTING IN THE PROPER LECTURE HALL. The 8:30 am TR LECTURE SESSION (0001) use DUAN G1B20 The 12:30 pm TR LECTURE SESSION (0002) use DUAN G1B30 Please spread out as much as possible in these lecture halls. Special Sections: DUAN G1B Design a mammal best adapted for life in a cold climate by choosing the body plan for size, shape and appendages: A. Large size, spherical shape, long ears D. Small size, elongate shape, long ears B. Large size, elongate shape, short ears E. Small size, spherical shape, small ears C. Large size, spherical shape, short ears 2. A Canadian lynx kitten is 4 long and its mother is 24 long. Which of the following would be a false relationship between the two? A. The S/V ratio of the mother would be 6 times greater. B. The surface area of the mother would be 36 times greater. C. The weight of the mother would be 216 times greater. D. The kitten would lose body heat 6 times faster. E. The kitten would have a much greater rate of metabolism. 3. Endotherms exhibiting a large surface relative to their volume generally display a: A. Greater metabolic rate B. Lower metabolic rate C. Smaller body size than endotherms with a low S/V ratio D. Larger body size than endotherms with a low S/V ratio E. Both A and C above are correct 1

2 4. One of the main disadvantages of being an endotherm is the need for: A. Fat B. Sweat glands C. Hair D. A large supply of food E. High blood pressure 5. In general, as the size of an endotherm increases, the S/V ratio and the rate of heat loss. A. Increases : increases D. Decreases : increases B. Increases : decreases E. Increases : remains unchanged C. Decreases : decreases 6. Which factors are not homeostatically controlled in our body? A. Blood osmotic pressure D. Concentrations of oxygen in the blood B. Temperature in the body core E. Liver production of bile salts C. Blood ph 7. Advantages of endothermy include: A. A lower metabolic rate D. All of the above B. Ability to be nocturnal in cold regions E. B and C only are true C. Ability to exploit a greater diversity of geographic regions 8. Which of the following is false? A. Fur is more compressible than fat. B. Fur and feathers are both relatively compressible. C. Fur and feathers can change their insulating qualities on the short term more quickly than fat. D. People can adapt to high temperatures more easily than they can to low temperatures. E. Fat is too heavy to be used for insulation in most birds. 9. The two main categories of insulation are: A. Fat / dead-air space D. Blood / skin B. Feathers / fur E. Integument / fat C. Dead-air space / water 10. Conditions which aid in temperature regulation in endotherms include all of the following except: A. Insulation D. A reduced metabolic rate B. An efficient cardiovascular system E. Evaporation of sweat C. Directing blood to and away from the skin 11. Counter-current heat exchangers: A. Tend to move blood from deep tissue capillaries to subcutaneous capillaries B. Increase heat loss in animals which cannot lose heat by evaporation C. Tend to move blood from subcutaneous capillaries to deep tissues D. Can cause a dangerous situation in a hot tub E. Reduce heat loss in appendages by a system of heat exchange between warm arteries and cold veins 2

3 12. Counter-current heat exchange within endotherms living in a cold environment is an adaptation because: A. It enhances the production of heat. B. Increased thyroid activity warms the body. C. It transfers heat directly from a hot artery to a cold vein, reducing heat loss from the extremity. D. It makes the extremities cold to reduce circulation. E. kkit keeps the extremities from freezing. 13. Which of the following is false? A. Low fevers are adaptive in fighting disease. B. Newborns and the elderly have more difficulty with thermoregulation. C. In response to a high body temperature, the thermostat directs the release of more thyroxin from the thyroid gland. D. Analgesics such as aspirin help bring fevers down. E. People often sweat profusely at the time of a fever crisis. 14. Heat exhaustion is: A. Life threatening D. Overheating of the body B. Due to an imbalance of salts and body fluids E. More than one of the above C. A thermostat problem 15. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the later stages of heat stroke (hyperthermia)? A. Possible brain damage D. Profuse perspiration B. Elevated body temperature E. Rapid heartbeat C. Disorientation 16. Chills may be experienced during a fever because: A. The blood pressure is dropping. B. The body is trying to cool down. C. The body thermostat is set lower than 98.6 degrees F. D. There is increased perspiration. E. The body thermostat is set higher than the body temperature. 17. Which of the following is false? A. In the class film, Survival, not all the actors were professional actors. B. A dog is more likely to survive cold stress than a person is. C. None of the animals/organisms in the arctic freeze solid; they survive unfrozen under the thick snow/ice cover. D. At least one human embryo has survived being frozen solid. E. Mammalian sperm has been routinely frozen since the 1950s. 18. Disorientation, poor judgment and irrational behavior could be symptoms of all of the following except: A. Hypothermia D. Drunkenness (from alcohol) B. Exposure to very high altitudes E. Cardiovascular overload C. Heat stroke 3

4 19. Which statement is false? A. Basically, insulation equals thickness. B. The sinking of the British ship Ladonia in 1963 caused people to realize the dangers of hypothermia. C. Prime, northern grey goose down is one of the best insulators. D. In wet conditions, wool insulates better than cotton. E. Most down marketed today in the US comes from white Asian ducks. 20. Which of the following components of the whole blood is responsible for the transportation of nutrients and metabolic wastes? A. Platelets B. White blood cells C. Red blood cells D. Plasma E. Lymph 21. Which of the following is false? A. RBCs make up 95% of the blood. B. Proteins make up about 7% of the plasma. C. Platelets make up about 5% of the formed blood cells. D. Salts, nutrients and waste make up about 1% of the blood plasma. E. Blood plasma makes up 55% of the blood. 22. The substance remaining when all the cells and platelets are removed from whole blood is called: A. Plasma B. Lymph C. Water D. Serum E. The hematocrit 23. Which of the following is false? A. Blood velocity is much slower in the capillaries than in the veins. B. Blood velocity is much slower in the capillaries than in the arteries. C. The cross-sectional area of all body capillaries combined is greater than the cross-sectional area of the aorta. D. Fluid flow through a pipe is proportional to the pipe diameter raised to the 5 th power. E. If one pipe has twice the diameter of another with equal water pressure, it will carry 16 times more water. 24. The veins of the cardiovascular system are characterized by: A. Internal one-way valves B. Higher blood pressure than in the arteries C. Thicker walls than those of the arteries D. Blood being able to leave the cardiovascular system and enter the lymph E. Having lymph nodes arranged at various places along them 25. Blood flow in the body is controlled primarily through changes in the diameter of: A. Aorta B. Capillaries C. Veins D. Arterioles E. Arteries 26. The blood flow from one area of the body to the next is correct in all cases except: A. Pulmonary vein to the right atrium D. Right atrium to the atrioventricular valve B. Pulmonary artery to the lungs E. Inferior vena cava to the right atrium C. Left ventricle to the aorta 4

5 27. Which is not true of the lymphatic system? A. Lacks a pumping organ D. Enters a major vein just before the heart B. Has valves E. Transports the same amount of fluid as C. Has nodes the arteries and veins 28. The lymphatic system: A. Has regions for white blood cell (WBC) manufacture D. All of the above are true B. Has nodes for filtering foreign substances E. B and C only are true C. Collects fluid lost from the capillaries 29. Fluid leaks out of the capillaries and not from other blood vessels because: A. Blood pressure is highest here. B. Osmotic pressure is highest here. C. All other blood vessels have leak-proof tissue layers. D. The blood pressure is lowest here. E. The concentration of lymph is highest here. 30. The major lymph vessels are most comparable to which of the following blood vessels? A. Arteries B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Venules E. Veins 31. Regarding the heart, which of the following is incorrectly stated? A. The heartbeat originates in the heart itself. B. The ventricles contract before the atria contract. C. The rate of the heartbeat can be modified by the cardiovascular control center in the medulla of the brain. D. The heart pacemaker is composed of specialized muscle cells in the right atrium. E. The pacemaker can contract like a muscle and also initiate impulses like neurons. 32. Which condition is not associated with hypertension? A. Aneurysm D. Premature clotting of the blood B. Heart being over worked E. Stroke C. Heart murmur 33. There are four indicators of someone s just having had a stroke. Which of the following is not one of those? A. Not being able to taste lemon juice B. Not being able to smile C. Not being able to stick out one s tongue in a normal manner D. Not being able to raise both hands overhead E. Not being able to speak a declarative sentence 34. Which of the following does not lead to atherosclerosis? A. Alcohol consumption D. Diabetes B. High blood-cholesterol levels E. Hypertension C. Stress 5

6 35. Which of the following would not be considered a heart attack? A. A major heart fibrillation D. A myocardial infarction B. Angina E. More than one of the above C. The bursting of a coronary aneurysm 36. Which of the following is not a function of the upper respiratory system? A. Carrying air to the trachea. D. Moistening the air. B. Warming the air. E. Taking in O 2 and eliminating CO 2. C. Reducing foreign matter from the air. 37. Which of the following is not true of the pulmonary membrane? A. It is only 2 cell layers thick. B. It is lined with ciliated and mucus-secreting cells. C. O 2 and CO 2 diffuse across it freely. D. It is vulnerable to attack by micro-organisms E. It is warm and moist. 38. Which of the following is/are true about the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the blood? A. It is homeostatically controlled. B. As it increases, we respond by increasing our cardiovascular and respiratory rates. C. It is regulated by the hypothalamus. D. Both A and B are correct. E. Both A and C are correct. 39. Cilia line all of the following respiratory structures except: A. Epithelium of the nasopharynx (nasal cavity) D. Trachea B. Alveolar sacs E. Bronchial tubes C. The middle respiratory system 40. Vital capacity is: A. Starting with a normal breath, the maximum amount of air one can inhale. B. The amount of O 2 the hemoglobin holds at full saturation. C. The amount of air a person can expire after a full inhalation. D. The volume of air in a normal breath. E. None of the above. 6