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1 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Angiogenesis, and cancer of prostate, Angiography, MR. See MR angiography. Apoptosis, MR imaging of, 637 Apparent diffusion coefficient, 585 diffusion-weighted MR imaging and, Arteries, renal. See Renal arteries. B Bladder, cancer of, detection and functional evaluation of, diffusion-weighted imaging for, 594 papillary urothelial carcinoma of, 592 Blood oxygen level-dependent MR imaging, of kidneys, C 13 C metabolic imaging, hyperpolarized, of prostate, Cell receptors, MR imaging of, Cell targeting, magnetic resonance-guided, and cell tracking, within kidney, Cervical cancer, diffusion-weighted imaging in, 679, 681 dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in, 681, 682 Cine MR imaging, of uterus, results of, technique of, 673 uterine contractions on, 673 Contraceptives, effects of, on uterine contractions, 676, 677 Contrast agents, gadolinium-based. See Gadoliniumbased contrast agents. intravascular, MR renography using, 605 Contrast-enhanced MR angiography, of renal arteries, advances in, future applications of, Contrast-enhanced MR imaging, dynamic, assessment of renal function with, for assessment of dynamic enhancement, future prospects for, 669 in cervical cancer, 382, 681 in endometrial cancer, 682 in leiomyoma, 682 limitations of, Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 16 (2008) doi: /s (08) /08/$ see front matter ª 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. of ovarian neoplasms, correlation with angiogenesis biomarkers, , 669 rationale for using, 663 results of, of pelvis, technique and processing of, of prostate, of uterine leiomyoma and ovarian fibromas, 666, 668 of uterus, clinical applications for cancers, technique of, Cystadenocarcinoma, bilateral ovarian, 665, 666 ovarian serous, 664, 665 Cystadenofibromas, bilateral benign ovarian, , 667 D Diabetes mellitus, bold MR imaging in, 619 Differential renal function, 647 Diffusion tensor imaging, of kidney, 594, 595 Diffusion-weighted MR imaging, and perfusion MR imaging, of prostate, apparent diffusion coefficient and, assessment of, clinical application of, 679 for detection and functional evaluation of cancer of bladder, 594 in cervical cancer, 679, 681 in diffuse renal disease and renal transplant, in endometrial cancer, 679, 680 in focal renal lesions, in renal abscess, 593 limitations of, of kidneys and urinary tract, of prostate, current research and future focuses in, 692 technique of, 678 uterine sarcoma and leiomyoma, 679 Doppler ultrasound, in renal artery stenosis, Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. See Contrast-enhanced MR imaging, dynamic. Dynamic subtraction imaging, in ovarian neoplasms, Dysmenorrhea, uterine contractions in, mri.theclinics.com

2 712 Index E Endometrial cancer, diffusion-weighted imaging in, 679, 680 dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in, 682 Endometriosis, or leiomyoma, infertility with, uterine Enzyme synthesis/activity, MR imaging of, F Fibromas, ovarian, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of, 666, 668 Fibromuscular dysplasia, diagnosis of, 564, 565 renal artery stenosis and, 561 Fibrosis, nephrogenic systemic. See Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. G Gadodiamide, 551, 554, 558 Gadolinium, 551 and normal renal function, Gadolinium-based contrast agents, 551, 552 extracellular, 553 nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and, 574 principal chemical structures of, 553 risk associated with, 551 use in impaired renal function, 566 Gadopentetate dimeglumine, 551, 555, 558, 597 Gene therapy, monitoring of, MR imaging and, Genitourinary tract, molecular magnetic resonance imaging of, Glomerular filtration rate, quantification, from clearance measurements, tracer kinetic renal models for, H Hydronephrosis, evaluation of, MR urography for, Hypertension, bold MR imaging in, refractory, MR angiography in, 563 renal artery stenosis as cause of, 573 therapy-resistant, MR angiography in, 564, 565 I Infertility, with endometriosis or leiomyoma, uterine Intravascular ultrasound, in renal artery stenosis, 574 K Kidney(s), and urinary tract, diffusion-weighted MR imaging of, imaging of, diffusion acquisition parameters for, 586 blood oxygen level-dependent MR imaging of, diffusion tensor imaging of, 594, 595 impairment of, renal artery stenosis as cause of, 573 left, hyperintense cysts of, 590 magnetic resonance-guided cell targeting and cell tracking within, perfusion of, flow in renal arteries and, right, renal cell carcinoma of, 591 L Leiomyoma, and uterine sarcoma, diffusion-weighted imaging in, 679 dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in, 682 or endometriosis, infertility with, uterine uterine, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of, 666, 668 M Macrophage activity, intrarenal, MR imaging of, Magnetic resonance-guided cell targeting, and cell tracking, within kidney, Magnetic resonance imaging. See MR imaging. Matrix metalloproteases, MR imaging of, Molecular magnetic resonance imaging, of genitourinary tract, MR angiography, contrast-enhanced, of renal arteries, advances in, future applications, in refractory hypertension, 563 in renal artery stenosis, 574 in scleroderma, 564 in therapy-resistant hypertension, 564, 565 of renal arteries, anatomic considerations in, 562 for detection of renal artery stenosis, postprocessing and display of data in, 566 phase-contrast, in renal artery stenosis, 576, 577, 578 renal, in detection of renal artery stenosis, steady-state free procession, in renal artery stenosis, time-of-flight, of renal arteries, MR imaging, and intrarenal stem cell therapy,

3 Index 713 and monitoring of gene therapy, blood oxygen level-dependent, of kidneys, bold, for noninvasive evaluation of intrarenal oxygenation, 614 in diabetes mellitus, 619 in disease, in hypertension, in renal allografts, in unilateral ureteral obstruction, 619 limitations of, renal, acquisition techniques, 614 applications of, data analysis, for validation of intrarenal oxygenation, 616 measurements, reproducibility of, 616 diffusion-weighted. See Diffusion-weighted MR imaging. dynamic contrast-enhanced. See Contrastenhanced MR imaging, dynamic. functional, of uterus, high-field strength for, advantage of, in ovarian neoplasms, 661 molecular, of genitourinary tract, non-contrast enhanced, of renal arteries, of apoptosis, 637 of cell receptors, of enzyme synthesis or activity, of intrarenal macrophage activity, of matrix metalloproteases, of myeloperoxidase, 638 of uterus, 673, 674 perfusion, and diffusion-weighted imaging of prostate, MR renography, contrast concentration for, quantification of, contrast dose for, 600, 601 image analysis in, key steps in, limitations of, adn future directions in, 609 stages of kidney enhancement using, 597, 598 three-dimensional acquisitions in, 599, 600 using intravascular contrast agents, 605 MR spectroscopy, of prostate, advances in, advantages of, 697 and 1.5-T MR imaging of, clinical applications of, limitations of, metabolic changes observed by, volume selection and volume suppression for, 697, 698 MR urography, for evaluation of hydronephrosis, for evaluation of urinary obstruction in pediatric population, future directions in, postprocessing, technique of, Myeloperoxidase, MR imaging of, 638 N Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, alternative imaging and, 558 clinical presentation of, development of, cofactors in, gadolinium-based contrast agents and, 574 gadolinium deposition in, 554 glomerular filtration rate determination in, grading of, 554 histopathologic differential diagnosis for, 556 in end-stage renal disease, 554 laboratory analyses in, 558 legal aspects of, 558 patients at risk for, renal function in, 555 skin lesions mimicking, 555 update on, validation of, Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis registries, 557 O Ovarian epithelial tumors, classification of enhancement patterns of, 665 Ovarian neoplasms, benign and malignant, imaging techniques distinguishing, 663 dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of, correlation with angiogenesis biomarkers, , 669 rationale for using, 663 results of, dynamic subtraction imaging in, imaging of, current status of, MR imaging in, 661 papillary projections (vegetations) in, 662 ultrasound in, Ovaries, fibromas of, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of, 666, 668 P Papillary urothelial carcinoma, of bladder, 592 Pediatric population, urinary obstruction in, MR urography for evaluation of, Pelvis, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of, Perfusion MR imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging, of prostate, Phase-contrast MR angiography, in renal artery stenosis, 576, 577, 578

4 714 Index Polycystic kidney disease, autosomal dominant, 590 Prostate, benign hyperplasia of, diffusion-weighted MR imaging of, 686 cancer of, angiogenesis and, clinical nomograms of, adding MR imaging/mr spectroscopy to, 701 detection and localization of, 699 diffusion-weighted MR imaging of, , 687 estimation of tumor volume, high-grade, detection of, in prior negative biopsies, 702 MR imaging and MR spectroscopy posttreatment and, organ-confined, predicion of, 701 therapeutic selection and planning in, 702, 703, 704 carcinoma of, diffusion-weighted MR imaging of, 687, 688 clinical applications of, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging for, clinical application of, 691 estimation of tumor volume in, diffusion and perfusion MR imaging of, diffusion-weighted MR imaging of, 3-T, technical considerations in, 689 plus T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging, 687 dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of, hyperpolarized 13 C metabolic imaging of, indolent disease of, prediction of, metabolism of, MR spectroscopy of, advances in, advantages of, 697 and 1.5-T MR imaging of, clinical applications of, limitations of, metabolic changes observed by, volume selection and volume suppression for, 697, 698 normal, diffusion-weighted MR imaging of, 686 perfusion and diffusion-weighted imaging of, tissue of, characteristics of, diffusion-weighted MR imaging and, Prostatitis, diffusion-weighted MR imaging in, R Renal abscess, diffusion-weighted imaging in, 593 Renal allografts, bold MR imaging in, Renal arteries, contrast-enhanced MR angiography of, advances in, future applications of, flow in, and kidney perfusion, imaging of, questions answered by, magnetic resonance imaging of, non-contrast enhanced, MR angiography of, anatomic considerations in, 562 for detection of renal artery stenosis, postprocessing and display of data in, 562 time-of-flight MR angiography of, Renal artery stenosis, 561 arterial spin labeling in, as cause of hypertension and renal impairment, 573 assessment of, imaging modalities for, Doppler ultrasound in, fibromuscular dysplasia and, 561 functional significance of, assessment of, intravascular ultrasound in, 574 MR angiography in, 574 phase-contrast MR angiography in, 576, 577, 578 renal MR angiography in detection of, steady-state free procession MR angiography in, Renal cell carcinoma, of right kidney, 591 Renal disease, assessment of renal perfusion in, diffuse, diffusion-weighted MR imaging and, Renal function, assessment of, noninvasive, 597 with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, differential, 647 normal, gadolinium and, Renal imaging, functional, evidence-based indications and applications for, 567, 568 Renal lesions, focal, diffusion-weighted MR imaging and, Renal medullary hypoxia, and consequences of, Renal perfusion, assessment of, in renal disease, Renal transit time, 643, 650 Renal transplant, diffusion-weighted MR imaging and, Renography, MR. See MR renography. S Scleroderma, MR angiography in, 564 Spectroscopy, MR. See MR spectroscopy. Spin labeling, arterial, in renal artery stenosis, Steady-state free procession MR angiography, in renal artery stenosis, Stem cell therapy, intrarenal, and MR imaging,

5 Index 715 T Time-of-flight MR angiography, of renal arteries, U Ultrasound, Doppler, in renal artery stenosis, in ovarian neoplasms, intravascular, in renal artery stenosis, 574 of uterine peristalsis, 674 Ureteral obstruction, unilateral, bold MR imaging in, 619 Urinary obstruction, in pediatric population, MR urography for evaluation of, Urinary tract, and kidneys, diffusion-weighted MR imaging of, imaging of, diffusion acquisition parameters for, 586 Urography, MR. See MR urography. Uterine contractions, in physiologic and pathologic conditions, on cine MR imaging, 673 Uterine peristalsis, in healthy nongravid women, ultrasound of, 674 Uterine sarcoma, and leiomyoma, diffusion-weighted imaging in, 679 Uterus, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of, clinical applications for cancers, functional MR imaging of, leiomyoma of, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of, 666, 668 normal, MR imaging of, 673, 674

Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

Index. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 12 (2004) 587 591 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adenoma(s), adrenal, gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging in, 533 534 hyperfunctioning versus