January Here it is boys and girls, an exam is coming and you are no doubt studying hard and getting your brain in gear for the big day!
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1 Exam Review January 2019 Grade 11 Biology Student Here it is boys and girls, an exam is coming and you are no doubt studying hard and getting your brain in gear for the big day! First of all, you should spend some time reviewing the following: 1. Unit Tests these are good examples of the kind of multiple choice and written questions that you may see on the exam 2. Quiz Cards Use these valuable tools to sharpen your knowledge of details. 3. Notes Hey, they have lots of information! Could be useful? 4. Assignments and Assorted Practice Activities Also a good source of practice questions Use this review sheet to help guide you through your studying. Listed below are some summaries and tasks that you can do in preparation for your exam. If you encounter difficulties or have any questions about the material in this review package, ask a question in class or via at AskMrLloyd@shaw.ca
2 Unit One: Wellness and Homeostasis / Cellular Biology Text References: Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 9 (p ) Labs / Assignments: Microscope Investigation Art of Biology Histology Investigation Passive Transport Investigation Tasks to be Successful: Calculate the total magnification under scanning (4X), low power (10X) and high power (43X) using an eyepiece of 10X magnification Review the parts and functions of the compound microscope Review the Homeostatic Conditions of the Human Body Review Tissue Types: Be able to identify tissue types and describe their function Identify and explain methods of Passive Transport Identify and explain methods of Active Transport Diagram a negative feedback system including the receptor / sensor, coordinating centre and effector Be able to diagram the feedback system that regulates blood sugar levels. Include the pancreas, liver, insulin, glucagons and blood sugar levels Additional Questions to Consider: 1. What are the 5 characteristics of life? 2. What is a cell? 3. What is a prokaryotic cell? 4. What is a eukaryotic cell? 5. What are the differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? 6. What is an organelle? 7. What is a tissue? 8. What are different types of tissue and their functions? 9. What is a solute? 10. What is a solvent? 11. What does it mean to be Hypertonic, Hypotonic or Isotonic? 12. What is a Concentration Gradient?
3 Unit Two: Digestion and Nutrition Text References: Chapter 11 (p ) Labs / Assignments: Biochemistry Crash Course Pathology Project Digestion Assignment You Make the Call Tasks to be Successful: Diagram and explain the lock and key theory of enzyme action State the function of the mouth, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, uvula, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, liver, pancreas and gall bladder Structure of Teeth Where does protein digestion take place? What chemicals are required Where does fat digestion take place? What chemicals are required? What are 3 groups of carbohydrates? Diagram and label the formation of a polysaccharide (dehydration synthesis) Describe how we use Benedict s Solution, Iodine, Nitric Acid, Litmus, Solubility test, brown paper test in a lab What are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids? What are their nutritional value (why do we need them? Where do we get them? What do they look like?) Trace a piece of cheese from mouth to anus Write a brief description of the symptoms and treatments for Anorexia, Acid Reflux, Appendicitis, Hemmeroids, Cirrhosis, Lactose Intolerance, Ulcers Explain the role of the liver, pancreas, insulin, glucagons, glycogen and glucose in the regulation of blood sugar. Use a diagram to support your answer
4 Label a diagram of the digestive system Additional Questions to Consider: 1. Trace the path of food through the alimentary canal. 3. Define mechanical digestion. 4. Define chemical digestion. 5. List the structures of the human digestive system that perform mechanical digestion. 6. List the structures of the human digestive system that perform chemical digestion. 7. What is the food mass called after it has left the mouth? 8. Name the movements of the esophagus that move the food along to the stomach. 9. What is the name of the ring of muscles that controls food entry into the stomach? 10. What other function does this ring of muscle have? 11. What enzyme is active in the stomach? 12. What stimulates the production of this enzyme? 13. Which structures release this enzyme? 14. What other secretions are present in this stomach? What are their functions? 15. What is the name of the ring of muscles that controls the movement of food into the small intestine? 16. What is the food mass called after it leaves the stomach? 17. List, in order, the three parts of the small intestine. 18. Which is the most important of these? 19. What secretions are active in the small intestine? 20. Where do these secretions come from? 21. What is the function of bile? 22. Where is bile made? 23. Where is bile stored before it enters the duodenum? 24. Why is it important for the secretions found in the duodenum to be basic? 25. What enzymes are active in the small intestine? What do they do? 26. What are two structural features of the small intestine that make it well adapted for absorption of nutrients? 27. What is the function of the cuboidal cells of the villi? 28. What is the function of the capillaries of the villi? 29. What is the function of the lacteals of the villi? 30. What is the function of the Krypts of Leiberkuhn?
5 31. What are 4 functions of the liver? 32. What is insulin? What does it do? 33. What is glucagon? What does it do? 34. What are the 4 functions of peristalsis in the small intestine? 35. What is the name of the valve that connects the small and large intestine? 36. List, in order, the 6 parts of the large intestine. 37. What are the functions of the large intestine? 38. What is the function of the bacteria that live in the large intestine? 39. What is the name of this bacterium? 40. What is the function of the rectum? 41. What happens if not enough water is reabsorbed? 42. What happens if too much water is reabsorbed? 43. What is the function of carbohydrates in a healthy diet? 44. What is the function of proteins in a healthy diet? 45. What is the function of fat in a healthy diet? 46. What type of information can be found on a nutrition label? 47. What foods contain Vitamin D? Vitamin C? Vitamin A? Vitamin B12? Vitamin E? Don t forget about Biochemistry! 1. Define organic. 2. Define inorganic. 3. What element is found in every organic molecule? 4. How many bonds does this element form? 5. What other elements are commonly found in organic molecules? 6. Draw a monosaccharide. What is the name of this monosaccharide? 7. Draw a disaccharide. Name one dissacharide. 8. What is the name of the process that bonds two monosaccharides together? 9. What is else is created through this process? 10. What is the name for 10 monosaccharides bonded together? 11. Name one polysaccharide. 12. Draw a fat molecule. 13. What are the 4 components of a fat molecule? 14. Draw each component of a fat molecule. 15. What are the names of the three components? 16. Draw an unsaturated fatty acid. 17. What makes this unsaturated? 18. Draw a saturated fatty acid. 19. What makes this saturated? 20. What types of foods contain saturated fats? 21. What types of foods contain unsaturated fats? 22. What are proteins made up of? 23. What is the name of the process that binds these together? 24. Draw an amino acid. 25. Circle the amino group, carboxyl group and R group. 26. What is the name of the bond that holds two amino acids together? 27. How many different types of amino acids are there? 28. What test did we use to identify glucose in the lab? What is a positive result for this test? 29. What test did we use to identify protein in the lab? What is a positive result for this test? 30. What did test did we use to identify salt in the lab? What is a positive result for this test? 31. What test did we use to identify vitamin C in the lab? What is a positive result for this test? 32. What test did we use to identify starch in the lab? What is a positive result for this test?
6 Unit Three: Transportation and Respiration Text References: Chapter 9 (p ) Chapter 10 Labs / Assignments: Pathologies of the Circulatory System Pathologies of the Respiratory System Heart Dissection Blood Typing Investigation Tasks to be Successful: Explain how transport mechanisms are used to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues and how they remove carbon dioxide and other wastes Compare and contrast capillaries, veins and arteries Label the parts of the heart, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta, chambers of the heart, valves, SA node, AV node, Purkinje Fibres, Bundle of His, Septum Describe systemic and pulmonary circulation Draw and label a RBC, WBC, platelets and state their functions Create a chart of blood types including antigen, antibody, universal donor and universal recipient, Rh factors Trace a RBC from the right atrium to the big toe and back What is blood pressure? Define systolic and diastolic pressure What factors increase blood pressure (state 4) What is a heart attack Distinguish between internal and external respiration
7 Identify nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, vocal cords, trachea, bronchi, lungs, pleura, diaphragm, ribs, intercostals muscles How is respiration controlled? Describe the measurement of rate, tidal volume, vital capacity, exhaling reserve Describe the signs and symptoms of COPD, Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis and Acute Bronchitis Explain the relationship between pressure and volume Describe the changes in the chest volumes in inhalation and exhalation Additional Questions to Consider: 1. Be able to define: a. Arteries b. Veins c. Capillaries d. Pericardium e. Atria f. Ventricles g. Septum h. Tricuspid Valve i. Bicuspid Valve j. Semilunar Valves k. Pulmonary Veins l. Pulmonary Arteries m. Superior Vena Cava n. Aorta o. Diastole p. Systole q. Sinoatrial Node r. Atrioventricular Node s. Noradrenaline t. Acetylcholine u. Cardiac Output v. Heart Rate w. Stroke Volume x. Erythrocytes y. Leukocytes z. Neutrophils aa. Eosinophils
8 bb. Basophils cc. Monocytes dd. Lymphocytes ee. Platelets ff. Plasma gg. Antigens hh. Antibodies 2. Describe the structure and function of arteries and arterioles 3. Describe the structure and function of veins and venules 4. Describe the structure and function of capillaries. 5. Compare and contrast the structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries 6. What is the function of the pericardium? 7. Describe the path of a drop of blood through the heart starting at the vena cava. 8. What is the function of the pulmonary artery? 9. What is the function of the pulmonary vein? 10. What is the function of the aorta? 11. Explain the function of the heart valves. 12. Describe the function of each of the four chambers of the heart. 13. What makes the pulmonary artery different from all other arteries? 14. What makes the pulmonary vein different from all other veins? 15. Where does the carbon dioxide in the blood come from? 16. What is the name of the respiratory pigment in humans? 17. What are the three primary cycles of blood in the human body? 18. What are the three main elements of a circulatory system? 19. What is the function of erythrocytes? 20. What are the 2 factors that play a major role in the determining when oxygen is picked up and when it is released? 21. What is the resting heart rate of the average person? 22. How is your heart rate sped up when you exercise? 23. How is your heart rate slowed down after exercise? 24. What is the relationship between cardiac output and fitness? 25. What is the relationship between stroke volume and fitness? 26. What are 2 factors that affect stroke volume? 27. What is the relationship between maximum heart rate and fitness? 28. What is the blood pressure of the average person? 29. What are the 4 blood types? 30. How are they determined? 31. Which blood type is the universal donor? Why? 32. Which blood type is the universal recipient? Why? 33. Compare and contrast AB and O blood types. 34. Why is it dangerous to have a transfusion from the wrong blood type? 35. What is Rh factor? 36. How does the Rh factor affect blood type? 37. What are the structures and the role of the Lymphatic System?
9 Unit Four: Waste and Excretion Text References: Chapter 11 (p ) Labs / Assignments:, Excretion Assignment Urinalysis Lab Tasks to be Successful: State the function of the skin, lung, liver and large intestine in excretion Diagram and label the Urinary System and Kidney Describe techniques and substances tested in Urinalysis Differentiate between blood plasma and filtrate Draw and label a nephron Diagram and explain secretion, absorption and filtration Describe the role of ADH and Aldosterone in maintaining water balance What does sugar, protein and excess salt in urine indicate? Trace the formation of urine from the nephron to the outside of the body Compare and contrast the 3 nitrogenous wastes; urea, ammonia and uric acid
10 Unit Five: Protection and Control Text References: Chapter 11 (p ) Chapter 12 Labs / Assignments: Tasks to be Successful: define and specific and non-specific defense mechanisms, the inflammatory response, the immune response compare the Nervous System and Endocrine Systems describe the organization of the Nervous System identify the functional regions of the brain diagram and label a neuron explain a nerve impulse (depolarization, repolarization and synapses) describe the components of a reflex arc
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