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1 By the end of this unit you should: Know the names of the main organs of vertebrates that are responsible for circulation, food processing, gas exchange, locomotion, reproduction, sensitivity and waste removal. Understand that during puberty the body changes to enable reproduction. 1
2 Curriculum standards: 6.1 All living organisms have 7 characteristics in common: جم ع الكائنات الح ة لد ها سبع صفات مشتركه. الحركة (locomotion) 1. movement 2. Respiration (gas exchange) التنفس ( تبادل الغازات (. اإلحساس. sensitivity 3. النمو. Growth reproduction التكاثر. 6. excretion (waste removal). 7. Nutrition (food processing). اإلخراج ( طرد الفضالت ) التغذ ة ( صنع الغذاء ) As a living organism, you need to do all 7 life processes; this is why you have many organ systems working together inside your body. Organ Organ system: systems are are made made of different of different organs organs working working together. األجهزة الح و ة : تتكون من دة ضاء تتمل متا ا. together. الدوران Circulation: 1. 2
3 Can you imagine a messenger making trillions of stops in less than a minute? Your blood does. In just about thirty seconds, your blood moves (circulates) through your entire body. It reaches out to every one of your trillions of cells. Circulation is the movement of the blood around the body. الدورة الدمو ة :- حركة الدم حول الجسم. Organs responsible for circulation: األ ضاء المس ئولة ن الدورة الدمو ة The heart is the most important organ In your body. It is mainly made of Muscles and is divided into 4 chambers. The other tow parts of system are blood and blood vessels. - القلب هم ضو ف الجسم. و تكون من ضالت و مقسم ربته إلى - و الجزئ ن األخر ن ف هذا الجهاز هم الدم و األو ة الدمو ة. غرف. blood moves through the blood 3
4 vessels:- Arteries: carry blood away from the heart, rich in oxygen الشرا ن: تحمل الدم الغن باألكسج ن من القلب. بت دا ا Veins:- they bring blood back to the heart, rich in carbon dioxide. األوردة : الغن تت د الدم بغاز ثان كس د الكربون القلب إلى الدورة الدمو ة المزدوجة لإلنسان circulation: The human double 1. Blood flows to the lungs carrying deoxygenated blood then, having picked up oxygen at the lungs. Back to the heart. - تدفق الدم إلى الرئة محمال ا بدم غ ر مؤكسج ثم حمل األكسج ن من الرئة ائدا ا إلى القلب. 2. The main artery of the body carries oxygenated blood to the organs and tissues of the body. The main vein of the body returns deoxygenated blood from organs and tissues to the heart. الشر ان األساس للجسم حمل الدم المؤكسج إلى نسجة - و ضاء الجسم. الور د األساس حمل الدم الغ ر المؤكسج من األنسجة و األ ضاء إلى القلب. حبادل انغاصاث Exchange: Gas 2. How long can you hold your breath for? 4
5 After one minute it becomes difficult and you have to breath in. All the cells in our body need oxygen to stay alive. Gas Exchange is when we breathe in air to get oxygen. And we breathe air out to get rid of carbon dioxide. تبادل الغازات : ند الشه ق دخل غاز األكسج ن. و ند الزف ر نتخلص من غاز ثان كس د الكربون. Lungs Lungs Diaphragm Diaphragm The organs responsible for Gas Exchange: األػضاء ان ظ ئ نت ػ حبادل انغاصاث ف اإل غا humans: 1. In The organ responsible for Gas exchange in humans is the lung. التضو المس ئول ن تبادل الغازات ف اإلنسان هو الرئة. 5
6 The lungs are 2 large sponge bags that fill your chest. - انشئت ػباسة ػ ك غ كب ش ي األعف ج ف انصذس. The job of the lungs is to give oxygen from the air to the blood and remove carbon dioxide. - ظ فت انشئت : حض ذ األكغج ي ان اء إن انذو انخخهص ي غاص ثا أك طذ انكشب. ف األسماك و صغار البرمائ ات amphibians: 2. In Fish and baby Fish and amphibians need to get oxygen dissolved in water. Gills are the organs responsible for Gas exchange in water. األسماك و البرمائ ات يحتاجون إلى األكسج ن الذائب ف الماء. المس ئولة - الخ اش م : األ ضاء ن تبادل الغازات ف الماء. - يشش ع Project: You can investigate the fact that you are breathing Out carbon Dioxide. You will need: a glass, lime water and a straw. 6
7 What you should do: cover your eyes, breath into the lime water through the straw. Be careful not to swallow or inhale any liquid. What you should know: Lime water is a clear solution, carbon dioxide makes it cloudy 3. Waste removal (Excretory System): ) طرد الفضالت ( الجهاز اإلخراج Chemical reactions in our body cells produce waste, this waste includes harmful chemicals and even carbon dioxide. These chemical wastes have to be removed or they will poison us. Removing waste made in our cells is called Excretion. طرد الفضالت حدث ف خال انا و د ى : اإلخراج. The blood will pick up the wastes from the cells. The wastes are sent to special organs that pass them out of the body. The main organs of the Excretory system are the kidneys. 7
8 The kidneys will filter the waste from the blood and get it out of the body through liquid waste called urine. انكه حصف انفضالث ي انذو حطشد ا خاسج انجغى ػ طش ك عائم ذع انب ل Find your kidneys: use your fists in the same way as the picture. الغذاء ضى processing: 4-Food Humans like all other living things need food. Food gives us the nutrients our bodies need. It also gives us energy. Energy is needed to carry out life processes. What will happen to the food after we eat it? Before our body can utilize the food, the Food we eat has to be broken down into very small pieces (molecules). نحتاج الطاقة إلكمال التمل ات الح و ة. ماذا حدث للغذاء بتد كله Food processing is breaking down food into small molecules. إنتاج الغذاء : تحط م الغذاء إلى جز ئات صغ رة. 8
9 The main organs responsible for food processing are shown in the following diagram: الشكل التال يوضح األ ضاء المس ئولة ن إنتاج الغذاء :- 9
10 الحركة 5.Locomotion: You are always moving, you walk, you talk, you write, you chew, you blink and also wink. Bones and muscles work together to produce movement. Locomotion is moving from one place to another. انحشكت : االنتقال من مكان إلى خر. The organs responsible for locomotion: -: األ ضاء الحركة ن المس ئولة ف اإل غا Humans: 1. In the organ responsible of locomotion in humans is; انؼض ان ظ ئ ل ػ انحشكت ف اإل غا انقذو leg. the The leg is made of many tissues: A muscle tissue that contracts and pulses the bone tissue. القدم تكون من دة نسجه فالتضلة تنقبض لتحرك التظام 10
11 ف انط س Birds: 2. In In order to move from one place to another, birds usually تط ر الط ور لتنتقل من مكان آلخر. fly The organs responsible for locomotion in birds are the wings. التضو المس ئول ن الحركة ف الط ور هو األج حت. The birds have very light hollow bone to help them fly. الط ور كون لد ها ظام مجوفة خف فة للغا ة لمسا دتهم لى الط ران. ف األع اك fish: In Fish live in water. In order to move from one place to another they need to swim. The organs responsible for locomotion in fish are, the fins انؼض ان ظ ئ ل ػ انحشكت ف األع اك انضػا ف 11
12 اإلحغاط 6.Sensitivity: From the moment you were born, you started to learn. Your nervous system controls your actions; you start to walk, talk, smile, think, play, eat, drink, read, sleep, and dance. انكالو انخفك ش ال ظاو انؼصب خحكى : بانغه ك بانحشكت حبذأ فأ ج األكم,انقشاءة. The main organ of the nervous system is the brain; the nervous system contains the spinal cord and the nerves as التضو األساس ف النظام التصب هو المخ, و حتوي النظام التصب لى الحبل well. لشوك و األ صاب. The brain controls all our actions ان خ خحكى بانغه ك األفكاس thoughts. and We need to be sensitive to the environment around us. Our brain needs to collect information from the environment. 12
13 The following picture shows the organs responsible for sensitivity and the sense each organ is responsible for. حغاع ان to: Sensitive اإلحغاط Sense انؼض Organ انض ء Light سؤ ت Sight انؼ Eyes األ ف Nose انهغا Tongue انشى Smelling انخز ق Tasting Chemicals in the air (smells) ان اد انك ائ ت ف ان اء Chemicals in the food ان اد انك ائ ت ف انغزاء انغ غ Hearing األر أEars انص ث Sound انه ظ Touching انجهذ Skin Temperature and pressure انحشاسة انضغظ 13
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