13In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that best answers each question or

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "13In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that best answers each question or"

Ira Collins
5 years ago
Views:

1 Name Date Class CHAPTER REVIEW WORKSHEET MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 13In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that best answers each question or completes each statement. 1. A stimulus that moves a person to exhibit behaviors designed to accomplish a specific goal is a(n) a. need. b. drive. c. motive. d. instinct. 2. Which of the following is an example of a physical need? a. food b. self-esteem c. approval from others d. achievement 3. Which of the following are forces associated with needs that motivate an organism to take action? a. instincts b. needs c. motives d. drives 4. What theory of motivation proposes that behavior patterns are genetically transmitted? a. instinct theory b. humanistic theory c. drive-reduction theory d. sociocultural theory 5. What theory of motivation suggests that people act to satisfy basic needs? a. instinct theory b. humanistic theory c. drive-reduction theory d. sociocultural theory 6. Which of the following statements best describes the hunger drive? a. Only biological factors regulate the hunger drive. b. Psychological factors have little to do with the hunger drive. c. Both biological and psychological factors regulate hunger. d. The hunger drive is strictly a survival technique. 7. Which of the following is not a consequence of obesity? a. Obese people are more likely to come down with illnesses such as heart disease. b. Obese people tend to be less popular than people who are not obese. c. Obese people tend to be less successful than people who are not obese. d. Obese people have fewer social problems than people who are not obese. REVIEW WORKSHEETS 25

2 Review Worksheet (continued) 8. Which of the following is(are) not a characteristic of a sound weight-control program? a. fasting and fad diets b. reducing calorie intake c. gaining better knowledge d. an exercise program about nutrition 9. What are desires for stimulation called? a. sensory deprivation b. homeostasis c. stimulus motives d. instincts 10. People who strive to move ahead in their careers demonstrate a. sensory deprivation. b. sensory stimulation. c. manipulation. d. achievement motivation. 11. Which of the following is a reward that would satisfy a person who was driven by learning goals? a. good grades b. self-satisfaction c. good income d. praise from others 12. Thinking and behaving in a way that fits one s beliefs reflect a. cognitive consistency. b. achievement. c. exploration. d. sensory stimulation. 13. People helping other people and joining groups demonstrate the need for a. cognitive consistency. b. achievement. c. affiliation. d. sensory deprivation. 14. A state of feeling is which of the following? a. need b. emotion c. drive d. instinct 15. What two emotions do psychologists believe are common to all people? a. love and fear b. surprise and curiosity c. anger and happiness d. sadness and disgust 16. What theory of emotion suggests that people s emotions follow bodily responses? a. James-Lange theory b. opponent-process theory c. the Cannon-Bard theory d. theory of cognitive appraisal 26 REVIEW WORKSHEETS

3 Name Date Class CHAPTER REVIEW WORKSHEET THEORIES OF PERSONALITY 14Match the correct term with each description. Write the letter of the term in the space provided. Two terms are not used. a. superego b. oral c. Sigmund Freud d. behaviorism e. trait f. repression g. Erik Erikson h. self-concept i. Carl Jung j. personality k. Abraham Maslow l. latency m. id n. acculturation o. humanistic p. Gordon Allport q. collective unconscious r. Hans Eysenck s. social learning t. ego u. Alfred Adler v. Carl Rogers w. archetypes x. agreeableness y. socialization z. self-esteem aa. denial 1. The patterns of feelings, motives, and behavior that set people apart from one another 2. An aspect of personality that is considered to be reasonably stable 3. The psychologist who suggested that traits can be inherited and are fixed in the nervous system 4. The tendency to go along with what other people want. 5. The psychologist who proposed two personality dimensions: introversionextroversion and stability-instability 6. The psychologist who proposed the inner conflict approach to personality theory 7. According to Freud, the structure of the mind that demands instant gratification 8. According to Freud, the structure of the mind that demands morality 9. Defense mechanism that removes anxiety-causing ideas from conscious awareness by pushing them into the unconscious 10. Defense mechanism in which a person refuses to accept the reality of anything that is bad 11. According to Freud, the first stage of psychological development REVIEW WORKSHEETS 27

4 Review Worksheet (continued) 12. The psychiatrist who proposed the idea of the collective unconscious 13. A store of human concepts shared by all people across all cultures 14. Ideas and images of the accumulated experience of all human beings 15. The psychologist who believed that people are basically motivated by a need to overcome feelings of inferiority 16. The psychologist who proposed an eight-stage theory of psychosocial development 17. The personality theory that teaches that environmental forces shape people s behavior 18. The use of reinforcers to influence people to perform socially desirable behaviors 19. The personality theory that focuses on learning by observation and on the role of cognitive processes that produce individual differences 20. The approach to personality development that maintains that people are free to make conscious choices and are responsible for their choices 21. The psychologist who believed that people wish to reach their full potential but must follow individual paths to do so 22. A view of oneself as an individual 23. The psychologist who developed the self theory, which asserts that people have a need for consistency between their self-concepts and their experiences 24. The belief in oneself, or self-respect 25. The process of adapting to a new or different culture 28 REVIEW WORKSHEETS

5 Name Date Class CHAPTER REVIEW WORKSHEET PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS 15Fill in the blanks with the term or terms that complete each sentence. 1. assess abilities, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors. 2. Using, observers measure behavior by checking off each occurrence of a specific behavior within a certain amount of time. 3. A(n) is one that is administered and scored the same way every time it is used. 4. The two most widely used intelligence tests are the and the. 5. When a person receives similar scores on the same test taken on different occasions, that test is said to have. 6. To avoid the effects of distortion on a test, psychological tests have built into them. 7. The established standards of performance on a test are called the. 8. Tests that measure people s skills and the knowledge they have in specific academic areas are. 9. A(n) is used to determine whether a person is likely to do well in a given field of work or study. 10. Tests that determine whether people have interests similar to those of people in various lines of work are called. 11. A test with a is one in which the test taker must choose one of the answers, even if none of them seems to fit his or her interests precisely. 12. The is a test that compares the test taker s interests with the interests of people who enjoy and are successful in various kinds of work. 13. Psychologists use to help diagnose psychological problems or disorders. REVIEW WORKSHEETS 29

6 Review Worksheet (continued) 14. Personality tests that present test takers with a standardized group of test items in the form of a questionnaire are called. 15. The most widely used test to help diagnose psychological disorders is the. 16. The is an objective personality test that measures 15 normal personality traits. 17. Tests that do not have clearly specified answers are called. 18. The is a test that requires test takers to interpret a series of inkblots. 19. The requires test takers to create a story for each picture in a series. 20. People can improve their test performance by,,, and. 21. Students who suffer from may experience symptoms ranging from tension to physical symptoms such as rapid breathing, dizziness, or nausea before a test. 22. Three ways to help overcome test anxiety are to,, and. 30 REVIEW WORKSHEETS

7 Name Date Class CHAPTER GENDER ROLES REVIEW WORKSHEET 16Answer each of the following questions in the space provided. 1. To what does the term gender refer? 2. What are gender roles? 3. What two types of factors appear to determine gender roles? 4. What are gender stereotypes? 5. According to some research studies, how do males and females differ in terms of verbal abilities? 6. According to some research studies, how do males and females differ in terms of mathematical abilities? 7. According to some research studies, how do males and females differ in terms of personality and behavior? 8. What is gender typing? REVIEW WORKSHEETS 31

8 Review Worksheet (continued) 9. According to some psychologists, how do genes explain the development of genderrelated behavior? 10. How does Freud s psychoanalytic theory explain gender typing? 11. According to social-learning theory, how do reinforcement and modeling contribute to gender typing? 12. How does gender-schema theory explain how gender-typed behavior is acquired? 13. How has the role of women in the United States changed in the past several decades? 14. What is the significance of Margaret Mead s studies of gender roles? 32 REVIEW WORKSHEETS

9 Name Date Class CHAPTER STRESS AND HEALTH REVIEW WORKSHEET 17In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that best answers each question or completes each statement. 1. Intense pressure or anxiety that can have severe psychological effects may be caused by which of the following? a. distress b. positive stress c. eustress d. active coping 2. An event or situation that produces stress is called a. active coping. b. eustress. c. defensive coping. d. a stressor. 3. A source of stress in which a person is being blocked from reaching a goal is called a. conflict. b. frustration. c. life changes. d. daily hassles. 4. A person who is about to get married may experience stress caused by a. frustration. b. daily hassles. c. life changes. d. conflict. 5. Having to choose between two equally good job offers is an example of a. avoidance-avoidance conflict. b. approach-approach conflict. c. approach-avoidance conflict. d. multiple approach-avoidance conflict. 6. Which of the following is the most complex form of conflict? a. avoidance-avoidance conflict b. approach-approach conflict c. approach-avoidance conflict d. multiple approach-avoidance conflict 7. Which of the following describes a Type B person? a. constantly under stress b. relaxed and patient c. highly driven d. competitive and impatient 8. People who believe that they can accomplish the goals they set for themselves have a. self-efficacy expectations. b. challenge. c. predictability. d. active coping. 9. People who are committed to their jobs, seek out challenges, and generally view themselves as being in control of their lives exhibit a. self-efficacy expectations. b. defensive coping. c. psychological hardiness. d. active coping. REVIEW WORKSHEETS 33

10 Review Worksheet (continued) 10. The stage in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) in which the body produces high levels of stress hormones to deal with the stressor is the a. resistance stage. b. exhaustion stage. c. avoidance-avoidance stage. d. alarm-reaction stage. 11. Which of the following describes the exhaustion stage of the GAS? a. The resources available to combat stress become depleted. b. Hormones continue to be released but at lower levels. c. People experience the fight-or-flight reaction. d. The sympathetic nervous system is activated. 12. How does stress weaken the body s ability to cope with disease? a. It results in an increase in antibodies. b. It strengthens the immune system. c. It weakens the immune system. d. It causes a decrease in the production of steroids. 13. What are the most common stress-related health problems? a. heart attack b. stroke c. cancer d. headaches 14. Which of the following factors does not increase a person s risk for developing cancer? a. prolonged anxiety and depression b. the amount of stress one is exposed to c. the intake of fats d. the intake of fruits and vegetables 15. Why is defensive coping not a desirable way to reduce the effects of stress? a. It involves changing one s situation. b. It may involve socially unacceptable behavior. c. It involves eliminating all stressors. d. It involves strengthening one s ability to withstand stress. 16. Using drugs to cope with stress is an example of a. active coping. b. withdrawal. c. defensive coping. d. defense mechanisms. 17. Which of the following is an example of active coping? a. changing stressful thoughts b. withdrawing from a stressful situation c. using defense mechanisms d. using aggression and violence 34 REVIEW WORKSHEETS

11 Name Date Class CHAPTER REVIEW WORKSHEET PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS 18In the space provided, write the letter of the term from the list below that matches each description. Two terms are not used. a. anxiety b. somatization c. generalized anxiety disorder d. depression e. paranoid schizophrenia f. panic attack g. culture-bound syndromes h. mania i. avoidant j. compulsions k. agoraphobia l. bipolar disorder m. schizophrenia n. simple phobia o. schizoid p. obsessions q. post-traumatic stress disorder r. typicality s. social phobia t. psychological disorders u. catatonic stupor v. disorganized schizophrenia w. maladaptive x. catatonic schizophrenia y. conversion disorder z. antisocial aa. hypochondriasis 1. Behavior patterns or mental processes that cause serious personal suffering 2. The degree to which a behavior is average, or typical of the behavior of the majority of people 3. The type of behavior that impairs an individual s ability to function adequately in everyday life 4. Patterns of abnormal behavior recognized in specific localities that may be linked to an official category of psychological disorder 5. A general state of dread or uneasiness that occurs in response to a vague or imagined danger 6. A persistent excessive or irrational fear of a particular object or situation 7. A persistent fear of social situations in which one might be exposed to the close scrutiny of others 8. A relatively short period of intense fear or discomfort characterized by shortness of breath or other distressing physical symptoms 9. A fear of being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult or impossible REVIEW WORKSHEETS 35

12 Review Worksheet (continued) 10. An excessive or unrealistic worry about life circumstances that lasts for at least six months 11. Unwanted thoughts, ideas, or mental images that occur over and over again 12. Repetitive ritual behaviors, often involving checking or cleaning 13. Intense, persistent feelings of anxiety that are caused by an experience so traumatic that it would produce stress in almost anyone 14. An unrealistic preoccupation with the fear that one has a serious disease 15. The expression of psychological disorders through physical symptoms 16. A mood disorder that typically involves feelings of helplessness and sadness 17. A mood disorder that involves a cycle of mood changes from depression to wild elation and back again 18. A psychological disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality 19. An immobile, expressionless, comalike state 20. A type of schizophrenia characterized by delusions or frequent hallucinations 21. A type of schizophrenia characterized by incoherent thought and speech and chaotic behavior 22. A type of schizophrenia characterized by a disturbance of movement 23. A type of personality disorder characterized by a lack of interest in relationships 24. A type of personality disorder characterized by a disregard for the rights of others 25. A type of personality disorder characterized by a sense of social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy 36 REVIEW WORKSHEETS

13 Name Date Class CHAPTER REVIEW WORKSHEET METHODS OF THERAPY 19Fill in the blanks with the term or terms that complete each sentence. 1. Methods of treating psychological disorders fall into two categories: and. 2. Psychotherapy helps people by giving them hope for recovery, helping them gain new perspectives on their own problems, and. 3. The professionals who primarily practice psychotherapy are,, and. 4. A type of group therapy that involves people who share the same problem, such as drug addiction, is called. 5. In the psychoanalytic technique known as, the analyst asks the patient to say whatever comes to mind and then interprets what he or she said to reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings. 6. In dream analysis, the of a dream refers to the hidden meaning that the therapist interprets from the. 7. By using, a psychoanalyst helps a patient expose unresolved problems in earlier relationships that the patient can then resolve with the help of the analyst. 8. The primary goal of therapy is to help individuals reach their full potential. 9. The goal of therapists is to change people s way of thinking by showing them that their thinking is based on faulty assumptions or illogical thoughts. 10. therapists use techniques such as role-playing to help people think more realistically. REVIEW WORKSHEETS 37

14 Review Worksheet (continued) 11. The focus of Aaron Beck s method of cognitive therapy is on. 12. The goal of therapy is to teach people more desirable ways of behaving. 13. By using the technique, behaviorists hope to help people unlearn undesirable behavior. 14. Therapists use to train a person to relax in the presence of an anxiety-producing situation. 15. In, the therapist helps a person acquire a more desirable behavior by replacing a positive response to a stimulus with a negative response. 16. The technique of is based on the assumption that behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated. 17. One method of operant conditioning involves having a therapist set up a system of rewards, called a(n). 18. Behavior therapy is less useful than in treating depression. 19. therapy is different from other methods of psychotherapy in that the treatments are medical in nature. 20. The most widely used biological treatment for psychological disorders is. 21. People with bipolar disorder are often treated with. 22. People with schizophrenia are often treated with. 23. Two controversial procedures and are rarely used today to treat psychological disorders. 38 REVIEW WORKSHEETS

15 Name Date Class CHAPTER SOCIAL COGNITION REVIEW WORKSHEET 20In the space provided, write the letter of the term from the list below that matches each description. Two terms are not used. a. cognitive dissonance b. primacy effect c. sales resistance d. central route e. self-serving bias f. scapegoat g. reciprocity h. persuasion i. attraction j. two-sided arguments k. discrimination l. gazing m. emotional appeal n. intimacy o. attitudes p. cognitive anchors q. peripheral route r. social perception s. staring t. passion u. matching hypothesis v. actor-observer bias w. fundamental attribution error x. prejudice y. recency effect z. commitment 1. Beliefs and feelings about objects, people, and events that lead people to behave in certain ways 2. Persistent beliefs that shape the ways in which people see the world and interpret events; beliefs that tend to keep attitudes from changing 3. An uncomfortable feeling of tension caused by a contradiction between behaviors and attitudes 4. A direct attempt to influence other people s attitudes 5. A way to persuade people by using evidence and logical arguments 6. A way to persuade by arousing feelings such as loyalty or fear 7. The quality that some people have that makes them less easily persuaded than others 8. A negative attitude toward a group of people 9. The unfair treatment of individuals because they are members of a particular group 10. An individual or group that is blamed for the problems of others REVIEW WORKSHEETS 39

16 Review Worksheet (continued) 11. The ways in which people perceive one another 12. The tendency for people to form opinions of others on the basis of first impressions 13. The changing of one s opinion of others on the basis of recent interactions rather than on first impressions 14. The tendency to explain the behavior of others in terms of dispositional factors and one s own behavior in terms of situational factors 15. The tendency to overestimate the effect of dispositional causes for another person s behavior and to underestimate the effect of situational causes 16. The tendency to attribute one s own successes to personality factors and one s failures to situational factors 17. A type of eye contact that involves looking at someone steadily and is generally interpreted as a sign of friendliness 18. A type of eye contact that involves looking fixedly with wide-open eyes and is generally interpreted as a sign of anger 19. An attitude of liking that often leads to friendship or love 20. The tendency to choose as friends and partners those who are similar to oneself 21. The situation in which feelings of attraction and affection toward another person are returned 22. A characteristic of a love relationship involving closeness and caring 23. A characteristic of a love relationship involving feelings of romantic and sexual attraction 24. A characteristic of a love relationship involving recognition of being in love and a desire to be together 40 REVIEW WORKSHEETS

17 Name Date Class CHAPTER SOCIAL INTERACTION REVIEW WORKSHEET 21Answer each of the following questions in the space provided. 1. What is social facilitation? 2. How does evaluation apprehension improve a person s performance? 3. How does diffusion of responsibility contribute to social loafing? 4. What is the risky shift? 5. What is the majority-wins scheme of group decision making? 6. What rule of group decision making is demonstrated by jury decisions? 7. What is polarization? 8. Describe the three styles of leadership. 9. What is conformity? 10. What are three reasons why groups can be important? REVIEW WORKSHEETS 41

18 Review Worksheet (continued) 11. What is the difference between explicit social norms and implicit social norms? 12. Identify three factors that may contribute to the tendency to conform to social norms. 13. What was the purpose of Stanley Milgram s studies, and what did these reveal? 14. How does socialization cause people to obey? 15. How do sociobiologists explain aggression? 16. What is the cognitive view of aggression? 17. Identify three factors that promote altruism and three factors that inhibit altruism. 42 REVIEW WORKSHEETS

Chapter 18: Psychological Disorders

Chapter 18: Psychological Disorders Chapter 18: Case Study: Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity Section 1: Understanding Section 2: Anxiety and Mood Disorders Section 3: Dissociative and Somatoform Disorders Section 4: Schizophrenia Section