Parts of a Flower. Stamen = Pistil = Petals (corolla) Sepals (calyx) Perianth = Receptacle Peduncle / Pedicel. anther + filament
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1 Flowers 1/25/2017 1
2 Parts of a Flower Stamen = anther + filament Pistil = stigma + style + ovary Petals (corolla) Sepals (calyx) Perianth = calyx + corolla Receptacle Peduncle / Pedicel 1/25/2017 Flowers 2
3 Flower Parts Pistil Tepals Stamens Receptacle 1/25/2017 Flowers 3
4 Complete vs. Incomplete Complete having all parts sepals, petals, stamens, and a pistil or pistils Incomplete flowers lacking one or more of the parts Yoshino Cherry Fothergilla 1/25/2017 Flowers 4
5 Perfect flower Having both functional stamens and pistils Examples: Rose, Crabapple, Cherry, and Tuliptree. Rosa moyesii Neveda 1/25/2017 Flowers 5
6 Sterile flowers Viburnum plicatum Japanese Snowball Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Doublefile Viburnum Barren, not able to produce seed. Examples: Many of the double flowering cultivars. 1/25/2017 Flowers 6
7 Quiz time Complete or Incomplete Floral parts Complete or Perfect or Present Incomplete Imperfect S + P + St. + Pistil Complete Perfect S + St. + Pistil Incomplete Perfect S + St. Incomplete Imperfect 1/25/2017 Flowers 7
8 Types of Ovary Position Ex. Peach Ex. Cherry Ex. Apple Hypanthium Receptacle Superior Hypogynous Half-inferior Perigynous Inferior Epigynous 1/25/2017 Flowers 8
9 Types of Ovary Position Superior - The superior ovary of the pistil is above the site of attachment of other floral parts (stamens, sepals, & petals) Inferior - The inferior ovary is below the site of attachment of other floral parts Half-inferior - These are flowers that show varying degrees of ovary position 1/25/2017 Flowers 9
10 Inferior Ovary - Apple Perianth tube An apple develops from the flower s perinath tube. 1/25/2017 Flowers 10
11 Petal-like structures Tepals Tulip & Magnolia Bracts Poinsettia & Dogwood 1/25/2017 Flowers 11
12 Nectar Guides - pollination Iris Foxglove 1/25/2017 Flowers 12
13 Inflorescences Spike. The flowers are attached to the stem without stalks (no peduncle). Acanthus sp. Crabgrass 1/25/2017 Flowers 13
14 Inflorescences Raceme. The flowers are attached to the stem by short stalks (pediuncle). Sweet Broom Genista racemosa 1/25/2017 Flowers 14
15 Inflorescences Begonia sp. Panicle. The flowers are attached on pedicels on a main axis called the peduncle, which is an extension of the stem (peduncles & pedicels). 1/25/2017 Flowers 15
16 Inflorescences Umbel. The flowers stalks arise from one point at the tip of a stem. Agapanthus africanus African Lily 1/25/2017 Flowers 16
17 Inflorescences Composite head. An inflorescence composed of many tightly packed, small flowers. Out flowers - Ray flowers (showy and sterile) Inner flowers - Disc flowers (fertile flowers) 1/25/2017 Flowers 17
18 Inflorescences Solitary. Occurring alone, not paired or clustered. Rosa x Voodoo 1/25/2017 Flowers 18
19 Monoecious - Separate male and female flowers (cones) on the same plant Male cones Female cones 1/25/2017 Flowers 19
20 Dioecious - Separate male and female flowers (cones) on the different plants Ginkgo Holly 1/25/2017 Flowers 20
21 It just keeps going! Polygamo-monoecious refers to condition where male, female and perfect flowers occur on the same plant. Polygamo-dioecious having male and female flowers on separate plants, but these plants having perfect flowers as well. Red Maple Mulberry 1/25/2017 Flowers 21
22 Quiz time A B Which of these two flowers is capable of producing fruit and seed? A or B Need Both 1/25/2017 Flowers 22
23 Reproductive Process Pollination - The transfer of pollen from the stamen to the stigma. Fertilization - The fusion of gametes 1/25/2017 Flowers 23
24 Self-unfruitful/self-sterile The pollen of the flowers of a single plant will not fertilize the pistils of the flowers of that plant. In other words, pollen from another plant of a different clone is necessary, or crossfertilization is required. Bradford Pear 1/25/2017 Flowers 24
25 Parthenocarpy (parthenocarpic) Nellie R. Stevens Holly Development of fruit without pollination, fertilization or seed development Other examples Nellie R. Stevens Holly, Burford Holly, Banana, and most varieties of Figs (e.g., Brown Turkey and Celeste) 1/25/2017 Flowers 25
26 Reasons plants stopped flowering Insufficient light - decreasing light levels overtime Winter injury, late frost or wind (tissue desiccation) Drought / heat stress Improper pruning Lack of vigor 1/25/2017 Flowers 26
27 Reasons plants stopped flowering - cont... Diseases, pests and injuries Misuse of pesticide sprays Leaf and flower buds may be killed or damaged by spraying when temperatures are below 40 o F Over-spraying of dormant oil, lime sulfur and other fungicides and insecticides may damage buds and blooms 1/25/2017 Flowers 27
28 Reasons plants fail to fruit Plants that have never set fruit Plants only produce sterile flowers Plants only produce male flowers Plants need to be cross pollinated Growing season is too short Improper or lack of pruning Pests e.g., squirrels, deer, etc. Stress e.g., drought, borers 1/25/2017 Flowers 28
29 Plants that have stopped setting fruit or have dropped fruit Plants that have stopped setting fruit Pollen source has be removed Insufficient light Improper or lack of pruning Lack of vigor High and low temperatures, e.g., kills pollen, inhibits fertilization, and causes flowers to abort. Drought stress, excessive water Insufficient pollination, lack of insect pollinators 1/25/2017 Flowers 29
30 Questions Developed by Steve Dubik Montgomery College /25/2017 Flowers 30
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