dis/locat/ion dys- bad, difficult, painful, abnormal dys/phagia dys/pnea dis- ecto- ecto/derm end- & endo/card/itis epi-

Transcription

1 Chapter 3 PREFIXES Prefix Definition Example(s) a- no, not, without, lack of, apart a/mnesia; a/pnea ab- away from ab/norm/al ad- toward, near to ad/duct/or ambi- both ambi/later/al an- no, not, without, lack of, apart an/algesia ana- up, apart, backward ana/phylaxis ante- before, forward ante/partum anti- against anti/gen; anti/bio/tic auto- self auto/troph bi- & bintwo, double, twice bi/later/al bin/ocul/ar brachy- short brachy/cardia brady- slow brady/pnea cac- bad, poor cac/hexia cata- down cata/bol/ism centi- one hundredth centi/meter circum- around circum/cis/ion contra- against contra/cept/ion de- down, away from de/nat/ure deca- ten deca/gram di- two, double di/narco/tic dia- through, between dia/meter dia/gnosis dif- & apart, free from, separate dif/fus/ion dis- dis/locat/ion dys- bad, difficult, painful, abnormal dys/phagia dys/pnea ec- & out, outside, outer ec/top/ic ecto- ecto/derm end- & endowithin, inside, inner end/aur/al endo/card/itis ep- & upon, over, above epi/lepsy epi- epi/gastr/ic eu- good, normal eu/pnea ex- out, away from ex/cis/ion exo- out, away from exo/crine extra- outside, beyond extra/corpora/al hemi- half hemi/plegia hetero- different hetero/sexu/al homeo- & similar, same, likeness, constant homeo/stasis homo- homo/gen/ous hydro- water hydro/therapy hyper- above, beyond, excessive, above normal hyper/tens/ion; hyper/pnea hypo- below, under, deficient, below normal hypo/tens/ion; hypo/pnea in- not, in, into in/continence inter- between inter/cost/al intra- within, into intra/uterine mal- bad, poor mal/format/ion

2 mega- large, great mega/lo/mania meso- middle meso/theli/oma meta- beyond, over, between, change meta/physic/al micro- small micro/cephal/us milli- one thousandth milli/liter mono- one mono/nucle/osis multi- many, much multi/para nulli- none nulli/para oligo- scanty, little oligo/meno/rrhea pan- all pan/cyto/penia para- beside, alongside, abnormal para/plegia; para/meter peri- peri/cardi/um poly- many, much, excessive poly/uria post- after, behind post/opera/tive pre- before, in front of pre/nat/al primi- first primi/uria; primi/tive pro- before, in front of pro/bio/tics pseudo- false pseudo/cyesis quadri- four quadri/plegia retro- backward retro/vers/ion semi- half semi/lun/ar sub- below, under, beneath sub/cost/al super- upper, above super/lingu/al supra- above, beyond, superior supra/ren/al sym- together, with sym/physis syn- together, with syn/cope tachy- fast tachy/pnea tri- three tri/somy uni- one uni/lateral DEFINE THE EXAMPLE(S) USING THE PREFIXES, ROOTS, and SUFFIXES in the back of your textbook. a/mnesia a/pnea ab/norm/al ad/duct/or ambi/later/al an/algesia ana/phylaxis ante/partum anti/gen anti/bio/tic auto/troph

3 bi/later/al bin/ocul/ar brachy/cardia brady/pnea cac/hexia cata/bol/ism centi/meter circum/cis/ion contra/cept/ion de/nat/ure deca/gram di/narco/tic dia/meter dia/gnosis dif/fus/ion dis/locat/ion dys/phagia dys/pnea ec/top/ic ecto/derm end/aur/al endo/card/itis epi/lepsy epi/gastr/ic eu/pnea ex/cis/ion exo/crine extra/corpora/al hemi/plegia

4 hetero/sexu/al homeo/stasis homo/gen/ous hydro/therapy hyper/tens/ion hyper/pnea hypo/tens/ion hypo/pnea in/continence inter/cost/al intra/uterine mal/format/ion mega/lo/mania meso/theli/oma meta/physic/al micro/cephal/us milli/liter mono/nucle/osis multi/para nulli/para oligo/meno/rrhea pan/cyto/penia para/plegia para/meter peri/cardi/um poly/uria post/opera/tive pre/nat/al primi/uria

5 primi/tive pro/bio/tics pseudo/cyesis quadri/plegia retro/vers/ion semi/lun/ar sub/cost/al super/lingu/al supra/ren/al sym/physis syn/cope tachy/pnea tri/somy uni/lateral Additional Examples:

6 TERM WORD PARTS MEANING/DEFINITION afebrile a- without pertaining to without fever febr fever -ile pertaining to anicteric an- without pertaining to without jaundice (yellowish discoloration of the icter jaundice skin, whites of the eyes, mucous membranes and body fluids) -ic pertaining to arrest -- to stop, inhibit, restrain. A condition of being stopped, such as occurs in cardiac arrest when cardiac output and effective circulation stop. bifurcate bi- two having two forks or two branches or two divisions; forked furc fork -ate use, action binary bin- twice pertaining to separating into two branches or composed of two -ary pertaining to elements concentration con- with, together in psychology = the process of being able to bring to the center centrat center one thought and focus on it, while excluding other thoughts; in -ion process chemistry = the density of solutes in comparison to the solvent centered within a given area decompensation de- down, away from Failure of a system. In cardiology = failure of the heart to maintain adequate circulation; in psychology = failure of the compensat to make good again defense mechanism system that may occur during a relapsing of a mental condition. -ion process enucleate e- remove Literally means to remove the kernel of. It is used to describe nucle kernel, nucleus to removal of the eyeball surgically or to remove a cataract surgically. It also means to remove a part or a mass in its -ate action entirety. It also refers to the process of removing the nucleus of a body cell in preparation for somatic cell nuclear transfer, which is a key step in the cloning process. extraocular extra- outside pertaining to outside the eye, as used in describing the ocul eye extraocular eye muscles. These are the muscles that control eye -ar pertaining to movement and eye coordination. hyperactive hyperact excessive, above normal act nature or quality of excessive activity; this can refer to the entire organism or to a particular entity such as the thyroid, heart, or muscles. It may also describe an individual who -ive nature of, quality of exhibits constant overactivity. hypoplasia hypo- under, below underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or body normal -plasia formation, development insomnia in- not condition of not being able to sleep. People with insomnia can somn sleep have difficulty falling asleep, wake up often during the night -ia condition and have trouble going back to sleep, wake up too early in the morning, or experience unrefreshing sleep intermediary inter- between pertaining to situated between two bodies or occurring between medi toward the middle two periods of time -ary pertaining to

7 TERM WORD PARTS MEANING/DEFINITION latent -- lying hidden; quiet, not active lumen -- space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube. It is also the hollow core of a hypodermic needle, which forms an ovalshaped opening when exposed at the beveled (flat, slanted surface) point multifocal multi- many Pertaining to or arising from many locations foc focus occlusion -- Process of closing or state of being closed of a possession parasternal para- beside Pertaining to beside the sternum (breastbone) stern sternum, breastbone patent -- Wide open; freely open pericardial peri- around Pertaining to the pericardium cardi heart (sac surrounding the heart) polydactyly poly- many Pertaining to having more than the normal number of fingers dactyl finger or toe and toes -y pertaining to premenstrual pre- before Pertaining to the time before the discharge of the menses menstru to discharge the menses react re- again Literally means to act again; responds to a stimulus; to -act to act participate in a chemical reaction regurgitation re- backward Process of a backward flow of solids or foods from the gurgitat to flood stomach to the mouth or the backflow of blood through a -ion process defective heart valve sign -- Any objective evidence of an illness or disordered function of the body. A sign can be seen, heard, measured, or felt by the examiner subacote sub- below Literally means below sharp; it describes a state between acute acute sharp and chronic with some acute features. It is used to describe the course of a disease process or the healing process following a tissue energy. superinfection super- upper, above New infection caused by a different organism from one that infect infect caused the initial infection. It can occur from a harmful effect -ion process of antibiotic, when there is an overgrowth of a resistant strain of bacteria, fruit, or yeast symptom -- Any perceptible change in the function of the body that indicates disease; can be classified as objective (signs); subjective (symptoms described by the patient), and cardinal (vital signs, temperature, pulse, respiration, blood) unconscious un- not Pertaining to not being aware; lacking in awareness of one s consci aware environment -ous pertaining too