Tour of the Cell 1. Types of cells. Why organelles? Eukaryote animal cells. Eukaryote plant cells. Prokaryote bacteria cells.
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1 Tor of the Cell 1 Types of cells Prokaryote bacteria cells - no organelles - organelles Ekaryote animal cells Ekaryote plant cells Why organelles? Specialized strctres specialized fnctions mitochondria cilia or flagella for locomotion Containers partition cell into compartments create different local environments chloroplast separate ph, or concentration of materials distinct & incompatible fnctions lysosome & its digestive enzymes Membranes as sites for chemical reactions niqe combinations of lipids & proteins embedded enzymes & reaction centers Golgi chloroplasts & mitochondria ER 1
2 Cells gotta work to live! What jobs do cells have to do? make proteins proteins control every cell fnction make sable energy for daily life for growth make more cells growth repair renewal Bilding Proteins Proteins do all the work! proteins DNA organism cells Repeat after me Proteins do all the work! 2
3 Cells fnctions Bilding proteins read DNA instrctions bild proteins process proteins folding modifying w removing amino acids w adding other molecles n e.g, making glycoproteins for cell membrane address & transport proteins Bilding Proteins Organelles involved ncles s endoplasmic reticlm (ER) Golgi apparats s ncles ER The Protein Assembly Line Golgi apparats s Ncles Fnction protects DNA Strctre nclear envelope doble membrane What kind of molecles need to pass throgh? w allows large macromolecles to pass throgh nclear pores ncleols DNA histone protein membrane fsed in spots to create pores chromosome nclear pore nclear envelope 3
4 1 nclear membrane DNA prodction of mrna from DNA in ncles Ncles mrna mrna travels from ncles to in cytoplasm throgh nclear pore 2 nclear pore mrna small ribosomal sbnit large ribosomal sbnit cytoplasm Ncleols Fnction prodction bild sbnits from rrna & proteins exit throgh nclear pores to cytoplasm & combine to form fnctional s large sbnit small sbnit rrna & proteins ncleols 4
5 Ribosomes Fnction protein prodction Strctre rrna & protein 2 sbnits combine Ribosomes Rogh ER large sbnit small sbnit 0.08µm Smooth ER Types of Ribosomes Free s sspended in cytosol synthesize proteins that fnction in cytosol Bond s attached to endoplasmic reticlm synthesize proteins for export or for membranes membrane proteins Endoplasmic Reticlm Fnction processes proteins manfactres membranes synthesis & hydrolysis of many componds Strctre membrane connected to nclear envelope & extends throghot cell 5
6 Types of ER rogh smooth Smooth ER fnction Membrane prodction Many metabolic processes synthesis synthesize lipids w oils, phospholipids, steroids & sex hormones hydrolysis hydrolyze glycogen into glcose w in liver detoxify drgs & poisons w in liver w ex. alcohol & barbitrates Membrane Factory Bild new membrane synthesize phospholipids bilds membranes ER membrane expands bd off & transfer to other parts of cell that need membranes 6
7 Rogh ER fnction Prodce proteins for export ot of cell protein secreting cells packaged into transport s for export Which cells have lot of rogh ER? Synthesizing proteins cisternal space polypeptide signal seqence mrna membrane of endoplasmic reticlm cytoplasm Golgi Apparats Fnction finishes, sorts, tags & ships cell prodcts ships prodcts in s like UPS shipping department membrane sacs Which cells have lots of Golgi? UPS trcks secretory s transport s 7
8 Golgi Apparats Vesicle transport protein bdding from rogh ER migrating transport fsion of with Golgi apparats ncles DNA endoplasmic reticlm protein on its way! TO: RNA TO: s TO: Making Proteins Regents Biology protein Golgi apparats TO: finished protein 8
9 Ptting it together ncles nclear pore cell membrane rogh ER Making proteins protein secreted proteins smooth ER transport cytoplasm Golgi apparats 9
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