Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Transcription

1 Lymphatic and Immune

2 2 Specialized component of circulatory system Lymphatic system functions: Maintenance of internal fluid balance Immunity Lymph derived from blood and tissue fluid that is a clear, watery appearing fluid. Lymphocytes - formed and developed in bone marrow and thymus

3 3 Lymphocyte Circulation Superficial Drainage Peripheral Lymph Vessels Cervical Node Axillary Node Inguinal Node Deep Drainage Lymphate Trunk Cysterna Chyli Thoracic Duct Right Lymph Duct

4 4 Lymphocyte Circulation Lymphatic Circulation Generative Organ Venous Blood Arterial Blood Lymphoid Tissue Peripheral Tissue Capillary Network Lymph Vessel Lymph Node (gland)

5 5 Lymph Node Afferent Lymph Vessel Capsule Sinuses Trabeculae Medullary Sinus Medullary Cords Germinal Center Cortical Nodules Hilus Efferent Lymph Vessel

6 6 Lymph Node Locations: Preauricular lymph nodes in front of ear Submental & submaxillary groups floor of mouth Superficial cervical lymph nodes - neck Superficial cubital or supratrochlear nodes - elbow Axillary lymph nodes underarm, upper chest Inguinal lymph nodes - groin

7 7 Lymph Node Locations: Thymus Spleen

8 8 Immune System Primary Organs Bone Marrow Thymus Secondary Organs Spleen Lymph Node Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Tonsils/Adenoids Appendix

9 9 Immune System Cells B Lymphocyte Plasma Cell T Lymphocyte (Helper) T Cell (Cytotoxic) Natural Killer Cell Phagocyte Antibody Antigen

10 10 Immune System Microorganism Natural Immunity Anatomic Barrier Complement Phagocyte Inflammatory Response

11 11 Immune System Acquired Immunity Antigen Humoral Immunity B Lymphocyte Memory Cell Plasma Cell Antibody Infected Cell Cellular Immunity T Lymphocyte Memory Cell Helper Cell (TH) Cytotoxic Cell (Tc)

12 12 Immune System Thymus Fibrous Septa Cortex Undifferentiated Lymphocyte Immature T Lymphocyte Medulla Mature T Lymphocyte Arterial Vessel Venous vessel Sinusoid Lymph Vessel Red Marrow Lymphocyte Stem Cell Growth Factor B Lymphocyte Pre-T Cell Natural Killer Cell

13 13 Immune System Spleen Capsule Trabecula White Pulp Lymphoid Follicle Red Pulp Blood Vessels Artery Arteriole Venous Sinusoid Venule Vein

14 14 Immune System Cells T Lymphocyte B Lymphocyte Mitotic Lymphocyte Phagocyte Plasma Cell

15 15 Immune System Lymph Node Capsule Trabecula Reticular Network Cortex Lymph Follicle Germinal Center Medulla Paracortex Lymph Vessel Afferent Lymph Vessel Lymph Sinus Efferent Lymph Vessel

16 16 Immune System Blood Vessel Artery Vein/Venule Lymph Cells Phagocyte T Lymphocyte B Lymphocyte Mitotic Lymphocyte Plasma Cell

17 17 Immune System Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Primary Follicle Germinal Center Efferent Lymph Vessel Lymphoid Cells Mitotic Lymphocyte Phagocyte B Lymphocyte T Lymphocyte Plasma Cell Antibody Antigen Tonsil Inflamed Tonsil Peyer s Patches Vermiform Appendix

18 18 Immune System HIV-Induced Immunosuppression HIV Infection T Lymphocyte/Parts HIV Envelope Core/Parts Effects on Immune System T Lymphocyte Cytotoxic T Cell Phagocyte Inflammatory Response

19 19 Immune System HIV-Induced Immunosuppression Effects on Immune System (cont d) Antigen T Memory Cell B Cell B Memory Cell Plasma Cell Antibody Opportunistic Infections

20 20 Questions: 1. What is the job of lymph nodes? 2. What do B cells produce? 3. Where is the thymus located? 4. What does HIV stand for?

21 21 Questions: 5. The largest lymphatic organ is the? 6. Malignant blood disorder where there is an over abundance of immature WBC s is known as? 7. is the movement of cancer cells from one body part to another. 8. What is enlargement of the spleen?

22 22 Clinical Scenario Young woman had a severe infection under the lateral edge of the nail of her right index finger. On examination, a series of red lines were seen to extend up the back of the hand and around to the front of the forearm and arm, up to the armpit. Palpation of the armpit revealed a number of enlarged, tender lymph nodes. What were the red lines, and why were lymph nodes enlarged? p825 #18

23 23 Clinical Scenario 35 year old woman has difficulty breathing and sleeping at night. She falls asleep, only to wake up with choking sensation. She can only sleep propped up with pillows with her neck flexed to right. Examination finds an enlarged thyroid gland and congested veins in root of neck. Explain on anatomical grounds (a) why she would have difficulty in breathing when asleep and (b) why veins in neck are congested? p827 #3

24 24 Clinical Scenario 19 year old boy was suspected of having leukemia. It was decided to confirm diagnosis by performing bone marrow biopsy. Resident obtained a marrow specimen from lower end of tibia. The specimen was considered useless for diagnostic purposes. Why? p826 #20

25 25 Clinical Scenario Man is suffering from cancer of lower end of esophagus. To save life surgeon would remove lower part of esophagus, stomach, spleen and upper duodenum. Anatomically speaking, explain why such a drastic procedure for a small tumor? p828 #12

26 26 Clinical Scenario Following a splenectomy, it was noticed that pancreatic juice was exuding through patient's abdominal wound. Is the pancreas likely to be damaged during a splenectomy? If so, which part? p833 #20

27 27 Coding Scenario