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1 By yor lab coat and gloves!
2 Chapter 9 Joints = Articlations Where ANY bones come together Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM
3 Classification of Joints 1. Fnction 1. Based on ROM 2. Strctre 1. Based on strctre and whether there is a joint cavity
4 1. Fnctional Classification of Joints 1) Synarthrosis (no movement) Fibros (Stral or Gomphosis) Cartilaginos (Synchondrosis often becomes synostosis) Bony Fsion (Synostosis) 2) Amphiarthrosis (little movement) Fibros (Syndesmosis tibia to fibla) Cartilaginos (Symphysis) 3) Diarthrosis (free movement) Three types of movement Six Types of strctre
5 2. Strctral Classification of Joints (Marieb tilizes Strctral Classification (See Table 9.1) 1. Fibros (no joint cavity) Almost no movement, little CT E.g, Stres in calvarim 2. Cartilaginos E.g., Symphysis pbis, IV disks 3. Synovial by far most important
6 1. Fibros (no joint cavity) Stres Only in the skll Lambdoidal, Coronal, etc. Minimal movement Growth allowed Syndesmosis (pl. syndesmoses) Ligamentos attachments Minimal movement E.g., distal tibia to distal fibla Gomphosis (pl. gomphoses) Teeth Periodontal ligament
7 2. Cartilaginos = Union by cartilage Synchondrosis Hyaline cartilage Epiphyseal plates May become synostosis Symphysis Fibrocartilage Intervertebral Disks, symphysis pbis
8 3. Synovial (with egg white) most important! p Articlar Cartilage 1. Hyaline 2. Joint Cavity or Space 3. Articlar capsle 1. Synovial Membrane 2. Joint capsle 4. Synovial Flid 1. Norishes 2. Cshions 3. Lbricates 5. Reinforcing Ligaments 6. Nerves and blood spply
9 3. Synovial, cont d Joint Stability Depends on: Shape of articlar srfaces Spporting Ligaments Mscle Tone
10 Brsae and Tendon Sheaths Bags of synovial flid Lbrication and cshion Tendons Ligaments n.b.: Tendinitis, Synovitis
11 Three Types of Motion at Synovial Joints Linear motion = gliding Anglar motion : flexion, extension, hyperextension ab-, addction Rotation left - right, internal or medial, external or lateral C 1 C 2, leg/foot, radis Special Movements Pronation, spination
12 Special Movements Spination, Pronation Radis/lna Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion Elevation, depression Eversion, Inversion Table 9.4
13 6 types of Synovial Joints 1 Plane (Gliding) Joint 2 Hinge Joint 3 Pivot Joint 4 Condyloid (Ellipsoidal) Joint 5 Saddle joint 6 Ball & Socket joint See (p 216, fig 9.8)
14 Representative Articlations Temporomandiblar Joint Mostly hinge joint, some gliding and rotation Articlar disc
15 Intervertebral articlations Gliding joints between vertebrae Articlar facets (synovial joints Intervertebral discs: (Amphiarthroses) annls fibross: togh oter layer (fibrocartilage) ncles plposs: soft, gelatinos core Accont for ~25% of vertebral colmn height H 2 O loss dring aging
16 Glenohmeral (sholder) Joint Greatest range of motion (de to loose capsle and shallow glenoid) Most freqently dislocated Stability provided by rotator cff (p 223)
17 Hip (coxofemoral joint) Deep well fitted ball and socket joint Stabilization: Extracapslar and intracapslar ligaments (ligamentm teres = ligamentm capitis femoris) Strong joint capsle Extensive srronding msclatre
18 Knee Mch more complex than elbow Less stable than other hinge joints Some gliding and rotation Strctrally 3 separate joints No single joint capsle
19 More Knee Extra- and intracapslar strctres Medial and lateral meniscs Crciate ligaments Collateral ligaments (extracapslar) Fat Pads Patella and Patellar Tendon/ligament Anterior Posterior
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21 Knee, sagittal section Ant. Crc. Lig.
22 The infamos ACL Twisting Soccer, skiing, etc. 8X more common in women Hormones Strength Geometry Srgery is optional Several techniqes Post-op period
23 Total Knee Replacement
24 Total Knee Replacement
25 The Ankle and Foot Hinge Joint Deltoid and three Lateral Ligaments Calcaneos = Heel Bone Calcaneal/Achilles Tendon Tals articlates with tibia Intertarsal and Tarsometatarsal Joints Cnieform bones Metarsal and phalangeal bones Similar to the hand
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Biology 325 Fall 2003
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