and medial) circumduction supination pronation eversion Tibial
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1 T igure l8.l Anterior view of right knee (patella removed). emur Posterior cruciate Anterior cruciate meniscus meniscus ibular----collateral tji,l-+;jli your own body to demonstrate the follon-ing ioint movements: flexion extension hyperextension dorsiflexion plantar flexion abduction adduction rotation (lateral and medial) circumduction supination pronation eversion Tibial collateral Patellar (cut) inversion protraction retraction elevation depression 3. Have youf laboratory partner do some of the preceding movements and see if you can identify correctly the movements made. DEMONSTRAIION Examine a longitudinal section of a fresh synovial animal joint. Locate the dense connective tissue that forms the ioint capsule and the hyaline c'tiqage that forms the afticular cirtrlage on the ends of the bones. Locate the synovial membrane on the inside of the joint capsule' Does the joint have any semilunar caftrlages (menisci)? Critical Thinking APPlication Describe a body position that can exist when all maior body Parts are flexed. 6 What is the function of such cartilages? 4. Complete Part D of the laboratory report' DEMONSTRAilON PROCEDURE B-JOINT MOVEMENTS Review the section entitled "Types of Joint Movements" in chapter 7 of the textbook' 2. W.hen the body is in anatomical position, most joints are extended and/or adducted' Skeletal muscle action involves the movable end (insertion) being pulled toward the stationary end (origin)' In the limbs, the origin is usually proximal to the insertion; in the trunk, the origin is usually medial to the insertion. Use these concepts as reference points as you moye joints. Move various parts of S tuorothe available radiographs of joints by ho^lding them in front of a light source. Identify the type of ioint andthebonesincorporatedinthejoint.alsoidentify other major features that are visible. t!!r 6 e! t1 Why does the shoulder joint allow extensiye movement? W-hat is foint fluoroscopy? # ::iiir:#:+ Search for these answers and review joints mhhe.cornf shie ress9 at.i''i^./w. sl J c
2 Laboratorsr Report I I Name Date Section JoINTS PART A Complete the following statements: 2. The joint befween the first rib and the sternum is The joint at the distal tibia and fibula is Intervertebral discs are composed of of the skull is an example of an immovable fibrous joint. are the most common rype of joint in the human body. acts as a foint lubricant in synovial joints. 7. The discs of fibrocartilage between the articulating surfaces of the knee are called 8. The fluid-filled sacs sometimes associated with synovial joints are called 9. The symphysis pubis is an example of a(n) 10. Articular cartilage is composed of tissue. ioint. PART B Match the types of synovial space provided. ioints in column A with the examples in column B. Place the letter of your choice in the Column A ^. Ball-and-socket b. Condyloid c. Gliding d. Hinge e. Pivot f. Saddle Column B Hip joint Metacarpal-phalanx Proximal radius-ulna Humerus-ulna of the elbow joint Phalanx-phalanx Shoulder joint Tarsal-tarsal Catpal-metacarpal of the thumb Carpal-carpal 135
3 r l I PART C Identifr-the n'pes of joints thatarc numbered in figure t PART T) Identify the types of joint movements that are numbered in figure (of head) 1 (of vertebral column/trunk) (of shoulder) 1 (of vertebral column/trunk) 1 (of shoulder) 17. (ofhead and neck) 4. (of hand) 18. (of head and neck) (of hand) (of forearm at elbow) 8. (of hand at wrist) 22. (of forearm at elbow) 9. (of hand at wrist) (of lower limb at hip) 13. (of chin/mandible) r4. (of chin/mandible) 2 2 )a 28. (of leg at knee) (of leg at knee) (of foot at ankle) (of foot at ankle) r36
4 igure IS.2 Identifi' the types of joints that are numbered in these illustrations. Esz:rYi 9ffi fbrusl W (b) s Radius (proximal) Atlas Axis (f) Proximal phalanx 137
5 igure 18.J Identify each of the types of movements that are numbered and illustrated: (a) anteior view; (b) lateral view of head; (c) lateral view. (Original illustration drawn by Ross Martin)
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