Mitochondrial dysfunction prevents repolarization of inflammatory macrophages

Transcription

1 Mitochondrial dysfunction prevents repolarization of inflammatory macrophages Jan Van den Bossche, PhD Departement of Medical Biochemistry Experimental Vascular Biology group Postdoc Grant 2013T003

2 Macrophage functions Anti-inflammatory Mediate Type 2 inflammation in allergy Promote inflammation Bacterial killing Tissue repair Wound healing Promote tumor growth Kill tumor cells Host defense

3 Macrophage plasticity and repolarization are key features of macrophages M2 M1 Sica and Mantovani, JCI, 2012

4 Macrophages are plastic 1/ Respond to distinct environmental stimuli 2/ Reverse their phenotype = repolarization Kill tumor cells M1 M (LPS+IFNg) Atherosclerosis Promote inflammation Colombo, 1992 IFNg epigenetics metabolism Promote tumor growth M2 M (IL-4) Anti-atherogenic

5 Reshaping macrophage (re)polarization for atherosclerosis therapy M1 inos+ M (LPS+IFNg) M2 Stöger et al., 2012 A CD206+ M (IL-4)

6 Reshaping macrophage (re)polarization for atherosclerosis therapy M1 inos+ M (LPS+IFNg) M2 Stöger et al., 2012 A CD206+ M (IL-4)

7 M1s fail to repolarize to M2s BMM untreated untreated LPS+IFNg untreated IL-4 IL-4 N M2 M1 M2 compare M1 M2 surface markers and function isotype naive IL-4 LPS+IFNg IL-4 M2

8 M1s fail to repolarize to M2s in vivo Ex vivo stimulation CD45.1 BMM - Naive (N) - LPS+IFNg transfer CD45.2 IL-4c/PBS CD45.1 i i: CD F4/80 + macrophages F4/80 M1 CD71 CD206 CD301 M2

9 Human M1s fail to repolarize to M2s MoDM untreated untreated LPS+IFNg untreated IL-4 IL-4 N M2 M1 M2 compare M1 M2

10 Why are M1 macrophages not plastic? Because they don t have a IL-4Ra? IL-4Ra isotype IL-4Ra DMFI (x10 E 3) IL-4 JAK IL-4Ra STAT6 Because they have dysfunctional STAT6 activation? STAT6-P b-actin

11 Why are M1 macrophages not plastic? Because they are dead? SDH

12 Why are M1 macrophages not plastic? Because their metabolism doesn t allow it? Glycolysis stress test GLUC OM 2-DG Mito stress test OM FCCP ROT/AA Naive LPS+IFNg IL-4 M1 = high glycolysis, low OXPHOS M2 = high OXPHOS

13 Seahorse intermezzo Because their metabolism doesn t allow it? Glycolysis & mito stress test combined Van den Bossche et al., JoVE, 2015

14 Seahorse intermezzo Because their metabolism doesn t allow it? Glycolysis & mito stress test combined : Van den Bossche et al., JoVE, 2015

15 Seahorse intermezzo Because their metabolism doesn t allow it? Glycolysis & mito stress test combined Use 2-DG to verify that ECAR is indeed true glycolysis Add pyruvate together with FCCP to allow max respiration Van den Bossche et al., JoVE, 2015

16 Why are M1 macrophages not plastic? Because their metabolism doesn t allow it? M1 = high glycolysis, low OXPHOS M2 = high OPXHOS

17 Why are M1 macrophages not plastic? IL-4 does not induce OXPHOS upon M1 M2 repolarization

18 Why are M1 macrophages not plastic? IFNg+LPS induces mitochondrial dysfunction Which complexes are affected? = complex II assay SDH

19 Measure complex I-IV activity of the ETC with the Seahorse Nature protocols, 2014

20 Measure complex I-IV activity of the ETC with the Seahorse Nature protocols, 2014 complex II activity

21 Measure complex I-IV activity of the ETC with the Seahorse IFNg+LPS mainly hit complex I and II activity

22 M2 polarization needs mitochondrial function FA ETO

23 inos inhibition prevents the drop in OXPHOS in M1 30 min 24h N M1 (or naive) 2DG NAC (ROS scavenger) 1400W (inos inhibitor)

24 inos inhibition improves metabolic reprogramming by IL-4 24h 24h Stimulation 1 M1 1400W + M1 Stimulation 2 (after wash) M2 naive isotype IL-4 LPS+IFNg IL LPS+IFNg IL-4

25 inos inhibition improves M1 to M2 repolarization 24h 24h Stimulation 1 M1 1400W + M1 Stimulation 2 (after wash) M2

26 a CD71 b OM FCCP AA/Rot c WT inos -/- CD206 WT inos -/- CD301 WT inos -/- naive LPS+IFNg IL-4 d DMFI (%) e WT inos -/- isotype f

27 Macrophage Immunometabolism : Where Are We? Van den Bossche et al., Cell Reports, 2016

28 Van den Bossche et al., Trends in Immunology, 2017

29 Junior Postdoc Grant 2013T003 Medical Biochemistry Experimental Vascular Biology group Jeroen Baardman Menno de Winther & Esther Lutgens Genetic Metabolic diseases Michel van Weeghel Riekelt Houtkooper Vincent de Boer