The world's most advanced cell metabolism analyzer

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1 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 + H H + + H H + + H H + O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 The world's most advanced cell metabolism analyzer

2 The Era of Cellular Bioenergetics

4 Cellular Bioenergetics for the 21 st Century XF e 96 Analyzer XF e 24 Analyzer XFp Analyzer

5 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 + H H + + H H + H + H +

6 XF e Analyzers Measure the Two Major Energy Pathways Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) = Glycolysis Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) = Mitochondrial Respiration

7 Measuring Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in a Microplate Disposable probes Fiber-optic waveguide XF Culture Plate Oxygen Fluorescent sensor Cells Well 1 Well 2

mm Hg (OCR) ph (ECAR) Measuring Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in a

C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 OCR C2 C2 C2

20 1 2 3 4 Time (min) The biocartridge is raised, A bringing temporary the system

8 mm Hg (OCR) ph (ECAR) Measuring Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in a Microplate C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 OCR C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 ECAR C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C Time (min) The biocartridge is raised, A bringing temporary the system microchamber back to baseline is formed The rate is calculated from the slope Well 1 Well 2

Aerobic Respiration (OCR, pmoles/min) Automated

400 300 200 100 0 Less Energy 2-DG 2-DG + Rot 0 50

9 Aerobic Respiration (OCR, pmoles/min) Automated Drug Injection Ports Enable Kinetic, Functional Data 4 Injection Ports/Well Samples injected automatically 600 More Aerobic More Energy 500 FCCP Less Energy 2-DG 2-DG + Rot Basal Rot Glycolysis (ECAR, mph/min) More Glycolytic

10 XF Metabolic Phenotype Assay - PhenoGram Neurons Pluripotent Stem Cells Measures the metabolic state of cells: Less Metabolic Aerobic Glycolytic More Metabolic Memory T Cells H460 Lung Cancer Cells Warburg Effect Reverse Warburg Effect

11 XF e Bioenergetics of Cells and Tissues Eye Brain Rat retinal Retinal punch Cortical neurons Synaptosomes Skin Heart MCF7 breast cancer Epithelial cells Cardiomyocytes Heart mitochondria Liver Pancreas HepG2 liver cells Hepatocytes INS1 beta cells Whole Islets Kidney Fibroblasts Podocytes Renal Proximal Tubules Fibroblasts Cybrids Blood Fat Lymphocytes PBMC SC adipocytes Adipose tissue myotubes L6 myoblasts Muscle

12 Islet Capture Microplate for tissue analysis (XFe24 only)

13 ATP Demand All cells carry an energy reserve that determines how they will handle an overload or chronic stress ATP Demand Functional, Healthy Disease, Aging Max Capacity Max Capacity Reserve Reserve Demand Demand time time Cells have an energy reserve to handle acute stress demands

14 Electron Transfer Chain FCCP H + e- H +

15 XF CELL MITO STRESS TEST The Gold Standard That Makes You a Bioenergetics Expert Rotenone Antimycin FCCP X X Oligomycin Basal Respiration ATP Production Maximal Respiration H + X Proton Leak Non-mitochondrial Respiration XF e Mito Stress Test

16 NEURODEGENERATION Spare Capacity Reveals More Than Basal Metabolism 0 24 BASELINE OLIGO FCCP ROT / MYX Sod2 +/+ Cell type: Mouse CD-1 Synaptosomes Free Radic Biol Med Apr 1; 50(7): Impaired spare respiratory capacity in cortical synaptosomes from Sod2 null mice Flynn J M, Choi S W, Day N U, Gerencser A A, Hubbard A and Melov S

17 Patient-Derived Sample

18 TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE Human samples and related diseases Airway smooth muscle cells Epidermal melanocytes Fibroblast ipscs ips-derived cardiomyocytes Keratinocytes Leukemia cells Leukocytes Lymphoblastoid cell lines Myotube and myoblast PBMCs Platelets T cells Trophoblast AML Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Autism Barth syndrome Behr s Syndrome Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CLL Cockayne syndrome Diabetes Encephalopathy HIV Leigh syndrome Leukemia Melanoma Methylmalonic aciduria MELAS MERRF MLASA Pakinson s disease Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia Preeclampsia Pemphigus vulgaris Sickle cell disease SLE Spastic Paraplegia Valosin containing protein (VCP) disease Xeroderma pigmentosum group A

TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE Stress Test Identifies Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diseases Cell type: Lymphocytes Patient Cell type: Fibroblasts Patient HIV * Lower spare capacity in patients Data courtesy

19 TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE Stress Test Identifies Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diseases Cell type: Lymphocytes Patient Cell type: Fibroblasts Patient HIV * Lower spare capacity in patients Data courtesy of Sher Hendrickson NCI/NIH Frederick Patient Cell type: Fibroblasts Parkinson s Disease Lower spare capacity in patient Data courtesy of James Bennet Lab University of Virginia Patient Cell type: Fibroblasts Autism * Higher spare capacity in patient Multiple acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) ** Higher spare capacity in patient Data courtesy of Dr. Pinar Coskun, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior at UC Irvine PLoS One Dec 17; 4(12):e8329. Song Y et al

20 NEWS

% of baseline rate % of control ATP level % of baseline rate % of control ATP level High Glycolytic Capacity and Impaired Oxidative Phosphorylation in Tumor cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007;

21 % of baseline rate % of control ATP level % of baseline rate % of control ATP level High Glycolytic Capacity and Impaired Oxidative Phosphorylation in Tumor cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 292:C % 140% A % 140% 250% A549 Otto Warburg % 120% 120% 200% 200% 100% 80% 100% 80% 150% 150% 60% 60% 100% 100% 40% 20% 0% OCR ECAR ATP Oligomycin (mm) Oligomycin (mm) 40% 20% 0% 50% 0% OCR ECAR ATP 2-Deoxyglucose (mm) deoxyglucose (mm) 50% 0%

Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer Model: Glycolytic Flux in FH/LDH-A deficient cells Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8(3):626-635.

22 Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer Model: Glycolytic Flux in FH/LDH-A deficient cells Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8(3): Glucose Lots of ATP ATP Glycolysis NAD + NADH Electron Transport Chain NADH NAD + Pyruvate NAD + NADH O 2 Lactate & H + Kreb Cycle ATP FH shrna CO 2

23 Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer Model: Glycolytic Flux in FH/LDH-A deficient cells Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8(3): Glucose Lots of ATP ATP Glycolysis NAD + NADH Electron Transport Chain NADH NAD + Pyruvate NAD + NADH O 2 Lactate & H + Kreb Cycle ATP FH shrna CO 2

24 Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer Model: Glycolytic Flux in FH/LDH-A deficient cells

OCR (pmol min -1 ) XF Assays Measure Metabolic Switching Gene Induced Substrate Induced Signaling Pathway Induced 400 Aerobic More Metabolic 300 Fh1 fl/fl -Glc 200 Fh1 -/-CL1 +Glc 100 Less Fh1

25 OCR (pmol min -1 ) XF Assays Measure Metabolic Switching Gene Induced Substrate Induced Signaling Pathway Induced 400 Aerobic More Metabolic 300 Fh1 fl/fl -Glc 200 Fh1 -/-CL1 +Glc 100 Less Fh1 -/-CL19 Metabolic Glycolytic ECAR (mph per min) Kidney epithelial cells +/- fumarate hydratase Mantle cell lymphoma cells +/- glucose Adipocytes +/- Hedgehog ligand Haem oxygenase is synthetically lethal with the tumour suppressor fumarate hydratase. Frezza et al. Nature Aug 17;477(7363): Switching from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation modulates the sensitivity of mantle cell lymphoma cells to TRAIL. Robinson et al. Oncogene Nov 29;31(48): Hedgehog partial agonism drives Warburg-like metabolism in muscle and brown fat. Teperino R, et al., Cell Oct 12;151(2):

Prostate Cancer Cells Display Glycolytic Phenotype PC-3M PCS Cell type: Prostate Tumor Cells Primary Prostate Epithelial Cells Glycolytic phenotype would be susceptible

26 Prostate Cancer Cells Display Glycolytic Phenotype PC-3M PCS Cell type: Prostate Tumor Cells Primary Prostate Epithelial Cells Glycolytic phenotype would be susceptible to free base lysine buffer therapy. J Cancer Sci Ther 2011, S1 Free Base Lysine Increases Survival and Reduces Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Model Mibrahim-Hashim, et al

27 XF Assays Reveals Hedgehog-Induced Switch to a Glycolytic Phenotype Aerobic More Metabolic Smoothened agonist Less Metabolic Glycolytic Hedgehog signaling via SAG [smoothened agonist] shifts adipocytes to a glycolytic phenotype Smoothened knock-outs [Smo-sh] ] lose the ability to utilize glucose

28 PTEN Elevation Shifts Cellular Energy Metabolism toward Mitochondrial Respiration Cell type: mouse embryonic fibroblasts Anti-Warburg state Systemic Elevation of PTEN Induces a Tumor-Suppressive Metabolic State Cell; 2012 Mar (1):49-62.

29 Spheroid Microplate for 3D analysis (XFe96 only)

30 Now you can measure cell metabolism and characterize metabolic phenotypes under hypoxic conditions Cell type:mcf-7 cells

31 Single & Dual Chamber System with XF analyzer University of Oxford University of California, San Diego

OCR (% baseline) CARDIOVASCULAR Stress Test Sensitivity Reveals Sub-Lethal Stress Response and Mechanism 300 250 200 XF Cell Mito Stress Test 0 µ M HNE 5 µ M HNE 10 µ M HNE 20 µ M HNE Oligo FCCP

32 OCR (% baseline) CARDIOVASCULAR Stress Test Sensitivity Reveals Sub-Lethal Stress Response and Mechanism XF Cell Mito Stress Test 0 µ M HNE 5 µ M HNE 10 µ M HNE 20 µ M HNE Oligo FCCP Antimycin A 150 HNE Time (min) Cell type: Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes Biochem J Nov 15;425(1): Importance of the bioenergetic reserve capacity in response to cardiomyocyte stress induced by 4-hydroxynonenal Bradford G. Hill, Brian P. Dranka, Luyun Zou, John C. Chatham and Victor M. Darley-Usmar

IMMUNOLOGY Spare Capacity Affects Memory T Cell Development and Survival Naïve T cells Effector T cells Memory T cells Cell type: Mouse Lymphocytes Spleen & Lymph Nodes

33 IMMUNOLOGY Spare Capacity Affects Memory T Cell Development and Survival Naïve T cells Effector T cells Memory T cells Cell type: Mouse Lymphocytes Spleen & Lymph Nodes Mitochondrial respiratory capacity is a critical regulator of CD8+ T cell memory development van der Windt, JW, and Pearce, EL, Washington School of Medicine. Immunity 2011 December 28

IMMUNOLOGY Spare Capacity in CD8+ T Cells is Dependent on Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation Cell type: Mouse Lymphocytes Spleen & Lymph Nodes Fatty acid source is FBS

34 IMMUNOLOGY Spare Capacity in CD8+ T Cells is Dependent on Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation Cell type: Mouse Lymphocytes Spleen & Lymph Nodes Fatty acid source is FBS Mitochondrial respiratory capacity is a critical regulator of CD8+ T cell memory development van der Windt, JW, and Pearce, EL, Washington School of Medicine. Immunity 2011 December 28

35 OCR % from baseline AUC OCR Induction Metformin Enhances FAO and Lowers Glucose Oxidation in C2C12 Myotubes Wu Poster; GRC Molecular and Cellular Bioenergetics, A. Kinetics B. AUC untreated + BSA (veh cont.) untreated + Glucose untreated + PA-BSA Metformin + Glucose Metformin + PA-BSA Metformin + BSA Time (Min) -500 Metformin (1mM) Glucose (25mM) Palmitate (150μM)

36 XF Assays can detect catabolism of exogenous and/or endogenous substrates C2C12 myoblasts = Etomoxir Johan Auwerx Nature 2009; 458:

37 XF e Palmitate-BSA FAO Reagent Provides the first fully validated and standardized Palmitate-BSA FAO reagent: No substrate preparation Activity tested Quality controlled

38 Drug hits that shift energy metabolism Gohil et al. Nat Biotech Mar; 28(3):249-55

39 Effects of meclizine on cellular energy metabolism Gohil et al. Nat Biotech Mar; 28(3):249-55

40 Meclizine is neuroprotective in models of Huntington s disease Meclizine (0, 5, 10, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 um) Human Molecular Genetics, 2011

41 ES cell quality check and differentiation study Highly glycolytic Specific metabolic profile

42 Stem cell replacement therapy for Huntington s disease Genetic Correction of Huntington's Disease Phenotypes in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Cell Stem Cell; 2012 Aug 3. 11(2):

43 Programmed hpsc-derived brown adipocytes demonstrate mature functional properties MPC:mesenchymal progenitor cells Programming human pluripotent stem cells into white and brown adipocytes Nat Cell Biol; 2012 Jan (2):

44 Programmed hpsc-derived brown adipocytes demonstrate mature functional properties. CEBPB : CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta PRDM16 : PR domain containing 16 hmsc : Adipogenic differentiation was carried out for 21 days Programming human pluripotent stem cells into white and brown adipocytes Nat Cell Biol; 2012 Jan (2):

45 The bioenergetic changes associated with inducing pluripotency influence reprogramming efficiency The metabolome of induced pluripotent stem cells reveals metabolic changes occurring in somatic cell reprogramming Cell Res; 2012 Jan (1):

46 Summary Whole Physiologic Real-Time Higher-throughput

47 The Paper Best Machine choice to analyze whole metabolism 28 Nature, 28 Cell & 2 Science

48 Seahorse Bioscience

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Cell-bio biotechnology Office: 02-27855860 Jack Chou

50 Cell-bio biotechnology Office: Jack Chou 周家豪 Sales specialist

CELL METABOLISM REVEALED

O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 + H H + + H H + + H H + O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 CELL METABOLISM REVEALED The Era of Cellular Bioenergetics Cellular Bioenergetics for the 21 st Century XF e 96 Analyzer XF e 24 Analyzer XF