Supplementary Information
|
|
- Kimberly Byrd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Supplmntary Information NMDA spiks nhan ation potntial gnration uring snsory input Luy M. Palmr, Aam S. Shai, Jams E. Rv, Harry L. Anrson, Ol Paulsn, Matthw E. Larkum Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
2 μm APs 1 25 % ΔG/R 25 % ΔG/R Norm. Amplitu AP Frquny (Hz) Dnriti Spra (μm) Dnriti Spra (μm) f g I h.5 ΔF/F I I 5 μm f g II h II II 5 μm.5 ΔF/F Nois Nois Numr of vnts Numr of vnts xSD (ΔF/F) 1.5 3xSD 1.5 (ΔF/F) Supplmntary Figur 1. Tuft transints ar spatially rstrit, hav a istint imoal istriution, an ar not gra in amplitu. In prinipl, NMDA spiks in multipl ranhs oul an iniation of many NMDA spiks or on vry spatially istriut NMDA vnt. W thrfor masur th spatial xtnt of tuft transints. (a) Twophoton imag of a tuft nrit with spatially rstrit rgions of intrst (ROIs; 5 μm lngth; olour oxs). () Spontanous transints ror in th nriti ROIs shown in (a) an somati APs iniat y ashs. To ompar iffrnt nriti rgions, transints ar rport as ΔG/R. () Ovrlay of th transints in () illustrating th spra of a vnt along a tuft nrit. () Gaussian istriution of th normaliz transint amplitus at iffrnt loations along tuft nrits. () Th spatial spra of th transints within a tuft nrit was not rlat to th somati AP firing frquny. (f-h) Sin NMDA spiks hav a lar thrshol, plotting fluorsn amplitus woul rsult in a imoal istriution whras oost potntials woul hav a gra istriution. W thrfor plott th fluorsn amplitu istriutions from two xampl tuft nrits (I an II). (f) Two-photon imag of two xampl tuft nrits. (g) Exampl fluorsn tras with two transints aov th nois from tuft nrit shown in (f). (h) Histogram of th pak amplitu of fluorsn from th tuft nrit shown in (f) illustrating imoal istriutions. transints wr inlu in th analysis if thy ha an amplitu largr than 3x th stanar viation of th nois (mil, gry ar; right, ash lin). This ritria sparat th rport transints (r) from th fluorsn akgroun nois (lak). Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
3 .5 ΔF/F 1 mv Prntag of APs 1 5 no MK81 Count (#) 5 25 Avrag CF Firing Frq uring tuft (Hz) Ca2 + APs.5 ΔF/F 5 ms 5 Hz Ca2 +.5 ΔF/F 125 ms 1 mv Normaliz ount 1. Ca2+ for aftr (5-1 Hz) Timing of tranisnt (T - T ) (ms) Ca2+ AP f.2 ΔF/F 5 ms Supplmntary Figur 2. Tuft transints ar not from APs. Bakpropagating ation potntials (APs) aus influx into th nrits of layr 2/3 pyramial nurons in a istan-pnnt mannr (Svooa t al, 1999; Watrs t al, 23). W tst th possiility that APs aus transints in tuft nrits. (a) Tuft tra (top) an simultanous somati voltag (ottom). Bars highlight somati APs with (grn) an without (gry) assoiat tuft influx. APs trunat. () Only 26 ± 4 % of all somati APs wr assoiat with a transint in ontrol tuft nrits (n = 28). Although thr wr still spontanous APs whn all NMDA hannls wr lok y intrnal MK81, thr wr no tuft transints illustrating th rquirmnt of ativ NMDA hannls (n = 6 nrits). () Histogram of firing frquny ror uring tuft transints. Th avrag firing frquny (6 ± 3 Hz) uring tuft transints is onsiraly lowr than th rport ritial frquny (CF; r arrow) for voking spiks in layr 2/3 pyramial nurons (Larkum t al, 27). Thrfor APs alon oul not vok spiks whih woul aus influx into th tuft nrits. () To invstigat th timing of APs with nriti ativity, imaging frquny was inras to a maximum of 1 Hz. Typial tuft transints ror at 5 Hz an somati APs (lak ashs). Gry ars, timing of transints ompar to APs. Box, magnifiation of transint (top) an simultanous somati voltag (ottom) from th rgion mark with a r ar (lft). R markrs on transint, ata points (3 ata points on th rising phas of th transint). () Histogram of th timing of transints ror at 5-1 Hz ompar to th timing of somati APs. Timing was trmin as th iffrn in tim (ms) twn th first ata point on th rising phas of th tuft transint an th tim at 1 % of th AP thrshol for th first AP. On avrag, th onst of th tuft transint was 16 ± 6 ms for th somati AP (n=17). (f) Ovrlay of spontanous transints from a singl tuft nrit illustrating thir strotypi wavform (n=9). Th amplitu of transints ror in all nrits wr within on stanar viation of th man. Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
4 Extrallular Stimulation 5 mv 5 ms soma 2n Puls Intgral (ms mv) Stimulus Intnsity (ma) 1 μm 5 mv 5 ms soma 2n Puls Intgral (ms mv) Stimulus Intnsity (ma) Supplmntary Figur 3. NMDA spiks our in tuft nrits of layr 2/3 pyramial nurons in vitro. NMDA spiks hav n shown in th asal nrits of layr 2/3 pyramial nurons ut not in th tuft nrit. (a) Exprimntal paraigm. Somati rorings wr ma from layr 2/3 pyramial nurons fill with Alxa Fluor 594 (5 μm) to ai th plamnt of an xtrallular stimulation piptt in los proximity to a tuft nrit. () Squntially inrasing th intnsity of pair pulss (2x 1 ms pulss at 5 Hz) appli to th tuft nrit shown in (a) rsult in a supralinar voltag rspons (top; lak) whih was lok y ath appliation of (1 μm; ottom; grn). Inst, ovrlay of somati voltag uring supralinar stimulation uring ontrol (lak) an (grn). () Intgral of th somati voltag uring squntial inras in stimulus intnsity for th nuron shown in (a) an (). Blok of NMDA hannls y signifiantly ras th intgral of th somati voltag uring a NMDA spik y on avrag 69 ± 1 % (2n puls; n = 3; p <.5; Data not shown). Data fitt with linar rgrssion. R arrows iniat suprathrshol rspons. Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
5 In vitro a Unag 2 mv 5 ms soma soma Normaliz Intgral (post-unag /pr-unag) 1..5 In vivo g Amplitu (proportion of max) Unag Spik EPSP Prntag of maximum stimulus strngth (%) 2 mv 5 ms Unag 1 mv Pr-2P Post 2P 5 ms Loal NMDA lok pr-2p.2 Max Max 1 h post-2p 2n Puls Intgral (ms mv) f 6 3 Normaliz Intgral (/post-unag) i Pr-2P Unag 4 8 Stim. Strngth (ma) Post-2P 1..5 tmk81 Amplitu (ΔF/F) ΔF/F Pr-2P Post-2P Supplmntary Figur 4. Two-photon unaging of t-mk81 loks NMDA spiks in vitro an in vivo. (a) Somati voltag rsponss to squntially inrasing intnsity of xtrallular stimulation (2x 1 ms pulss at 5 Hz) for (lak; top) an aftr (r; ottom) twophoton ativation (71-73 nm) of a ag NMDA hannl agonist (t-mk81) at th stimulat ranh in vitro. Arrow iniats a suprathrshol rspons. () Ovrlay of NMDA spik for (lak) an aftr (r) unaging t-mk81 for th nrit in (a). () Intgral of th voltag rspons to inrasing stimulus strngth for th xampl shown in (a) an () for (lak) an aftr (r) two-photon unaging. Data fitt with linar rgrssion. () Normaliz intgral aftr two-photon unaging uring a NMDA spik (r soli; n = 5), EPSP (r mpty; n = 11) an ontrol (lasr xposur in nurons without t-mk81; light r; n = 8). () Exampl of xtrallularly stimulat potntials from a ontrol nuron (no t-mk81) for (lak) an aftr (r) two-photon xposur (73 nm for ~3 min) an uring ath appliation of (1 μm; grn). (f) Normaliz intgral uring ath appliation of aftr two-photon xposur in nurons fill with t-mk81 (mpty ar; n = 3) an in ontrol (soli ar; n = 5). (g) Amplitu of rsponss to loal xtrallular stimulation (2x 1ms pulss at 5 Hz) normaliz to th maximum vok rspons for (lak; lft) an aftr (r; right) two-photon ativation of th ag NMDA hannl agonist t-mk81 in vivo (n = 6 nrits from 3 nurons). Unaging t-mk81 aolishs th supralinar rspons to inrasing xtrallular stimulation intnsity. (h) Hr, w show that xposur to twophoton xitation alon ha no masural avrs ffts on th nriti morphology or amplitu of transints. Dnriti morphology for (top) an aftr (ottom) twophoton lasr xposur (69 nm, ~ 3 min). Sal ar, 2 μm. (i) transints for (lak; top) an aftr (r; ottom) xposur to two-photon light (69 nm for ~3 min) from a ontrol layr 2/3 pyramial nuron fill with OGB1 an Alxa Fluor 594 (an not t-mk81). Inst, thr was no iffrn in th pak amplitus of transints for (lak) an aftr (r) xposur to two-photon xitation in ontrol layr 2/3 pyramial nuron nrits. iniats p <.5. Error ars rprsnt S.E.M. Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
6 5 μm Ca mv a Puff.1 ΔF/F Trun 5 mv Evok (%) Evok APs (#) Supplmntary Figur 5. Hinpaw airpuff rlialy voks nriti an somati rsponss whih ar pnnt on NMDA rptors. Dspit th iffrnt mos of hinpaw stimulation, rif ltrial (Figur 2) an air puff stimulation (4 psi) vok similar nriti an somati rsponss - approximatly on ation potntial (AP) pr stimulation an a nriti rspons in approximatly 2 % of stimulations. (a) Dnriti fluorsn (top) an somati voltag (ottom) uring airpuff stimulation of th hinpaw. Inst; two-photon imag of th imag tuft nrit. () Prntag of hinpaw stimulation trials whih rsult in a masural transint uring ontrol (lak; n=16) an NMDA lok y ortial appliation of (r; n = 15). () Numr of APs vok y hinpaw stimulation uring ontrol (lak; n = 5) an NMDA lok y ortial appliation of (r; n = 15). Error ars rprsnt S.E.M. Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
7 Expos OGB1 t-mk81 1 μm Naiv Norm Frq aftr unaging (post unag/pr unag) 1..5 ontrol Naiv Expos OGB1 t-mk81 1 μm APs APs.2 ΔF/F % Isolat % Isolat pr-uv pr-uv 5 % 2P % 15 % 2P % Supplmntary Figur 6. Unaging of t-mk81 loally loks NMDA hannls. Hr, w show that two-photon unaging of t-mk81 loally lok NMDA hannls y omparing th frquny of transints (a & ) an th ourrn of isolat transints (-) aftr susqunt unaging at a nighoring ranh. (a) Nurons wr fill with th ag NMDA hannl lokr t-mk81. transints wr ror in oth naiv nrits (no prior two-photon unaging anywhr in th nuron; grn; n = 8 nrits) an xpos nrits (nighoring nrits ha loal NMDA hannls lok y unaging t-mk81; orang; n = 16 nrits). Insts, ontrol (pr unaging) transints; sal,.2 ΔF/F,. Th loal lok of NMDA hannls y two-photon unaging of t-mk81 i not afft th frquny of spontanous ontrol transints in nighoring tuft nrits (naiv,.6 ±.2 Hz; xpos,.6 ±.3 Hz). () Th frquny of spontanous transints aftr loal NMDA hannl lok (normaliz to th ontrol frquny) in naiv nrits (grn) ompar to xpos nrits (orang). Not, lok of NMDA hannls os not afft th fftivnss of unaging t-mk81 in nighoring tuft nrits. () Ronstrution of a L2/3 pyramial nuron fill with t-mk81. () & (), Dnriti tra an simultanous somati voltag from two iffrnt tuft nrits from th nuron shown in (). Both nrits hav transints in th asn of somati APs (iniat y olor ots). APs ar iniat y ashs an ar trunat. Both nrits ha transints (i not orrlat with a somati AP) for (olor) ut not aftr (r) ativation of t-mk81 with two-photon lasr. Error ars rprsnt S.E.M. Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
8 5 μm 1 % ΔG/R amplitu (% ΔG/R) 2 1 ~ 38 μm 3x SD nois Dnriti spra (μm) OGB1 1 μm D1 D1 D2 D2 5 μm Multipl.2 ΔF/F.2 ΔF/F Singl f g Av amplitu Av somati voltag (ΔF/F) Multipl Singl (mv) Multipl Singl Supplmntary Figur 7. transints in th prsn of th Na + hannl lokr ar similar to ontrol - thy ar spatially rstrit an our in oth singl an multipl ranhs. In thory, akpropagating APs from th ll oy an inva th tuft nrit an influn nriti ltrognsis. W thrfor tst whthr tuft transints wr influn y somati ativity y aing th Na + hannl lokr to th path piptt. (a) Two-photon imag illustrating a tuft ranh with 5 μm rgions of intrst. Inst, r fluorsn. () Spontanous transints from th nrit shown in (a). Not th iffrnt spatial spra of th two transints. To ompar iffrnt nriti rgions, transints ar rport as ΔG/R. () Avrag transint spatial spra along nriti tuft ranhs (5 μm rgions of intrst; n = 4 transints). Data fitt with Gaussian fit; ash lin. Gry lin; thrshol for vnts (> 3x stanar viation of th nois). () Ronstrution of layr 2/3 pyramial nuron fill with an two-photon imag of two tuft nrits. () Spontanous transints whih ourr in only on (singl) or oth (multipl) of th nrits shown in (). (f) Avrag pak amplitus of th transints whih ourr in singl (light grn) an multipl (ark grn) ranhs (n = 58 transints in 41 ranhs). (g) Avrag somati voltag uring transints whih ourr in singl (light grn) an multipl (ark grn) ranhs (n = 9 ranhs) orrt for th inras in input rsistan uring (s Fig. 3 an S9). Error ars rprsnt S.E.M. Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
9 L1 tmk81 OGB1 L2/3 2P 1 μm Estim Estim Unag Estim Amp (ΔF/F).5 ΔF/F.5 ΔF/F Unag With (ms) Amp (ΔF/F) Amp (ΔF/F) Estim strngth Spont Ctrl Unag f.2 ΔF/F g.3.8 Pr-2P 1. Post-2P i OGB1 Ryanoin 1 μm j HS vok spontanous.2 ΔF/F Ryan k Amplitu (ΔF/F) h Spont Frq (Hz) Ryan l Frquny (Hz).1 MK81 Ryan Supplmntary Figur 8. Extrallular stimulation voks larg transints in tuft nrits whih is pnnt on NMDA an not voltag-snsitiv hannls nor intrnal stors. Ation potntial (AP) initiation was lok y inluing in th path piptt whih ompltly or partially loks Na +, Ih, K + an hannls (Prkins an Wong, 1995; Talot an Sayr, 1996). (a) Ronstrution of a layr 2/3 pyramial nuron illustrating th xprimntal sign. Nurons wr fill with an th ag NMDA hannl lokr t-mk81, an an xtrallular stimulating piptt was pla in los proximity to a ranh of intrst. () Ovrlay (spatially shift for isplay purposs) of transints in rspons to inrasing stimulus intnsity from th tuft nrit ox in (a). () Avrag transint amplitu uring foal xtrallular stimulation of inrasing intnsity (lak, n = 7) an uring spontanous ativity (lu; n = 7). Linar rgrssion for suthrshol rsponss is shown y gry lin. () Ovrlay (spatially shift for isplay purposs) of transints in rspons to inrasing stimulus intnsity aftr (ottom) lok of NMDA rptors y twophoton (69 nm) unaging of t-mk81 from th ox tuft nrit in (a). () Th vok transint amplitu to th sam suprathrshol stimulation strngth was signifiantly largr for (lak) than aftr (r) lok of NMDA rptors y two-photon (69 nm) unaging of t-mk81. (f) Two-photon lasr alon osn t afft ativity. Hr, w show that xposur to two-photon xitation alon ha no masural avrs fft on th amplitu or with of transints in nurons fill with. transints for (lak) an aftr (r) xposur to two-photon light (69 nm for ~3 min) from a layr 2/3 pyramial nuron fill with (an not t-mk81). (g) Pak amplitus (lft) an with (right) of transints for (lak) an aftr (r) xposur to two-photon xitation from ontrol layr 2/3 pyramial nurons (n = 9). (h) Avrag frquny of spontanous tuft transints uring alon (lu; n=4 nrits) an an MK81 (r; n=11 nrits) in th path piptt. (i) In aition to synapti input, larg vnts in th apial nrits of layr 2/3 nurons hav also n shown in vitro to u to rlas from ryanoin-snsitiv intrallular stors (Larkum t al, 23). W thrfor tst whthr th larg vnts w masur in vivo wr ryanoin snsitiv. Ronstrution of layr 2/3 pyramial nuron fill with ryanoin (1 μm) an (1 mm). (j) Spontanous (lak) an vok (hinlim stimulation; r) transints ror from th nuron shown in (i). Th loation of th imag tuft nrit is iniat y a r irl in (i). (k) Avrag pak amplitu an (l) frquny of th transints in nurons fill with alon (lu; n = 465 transints from 8 nrits) an oth an ryanoin (fuhsia; n = 117 transints from 42 nrits). p <.5. Error ars rprsnt S.E.M. Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
10 -8 mv -8 mv 2 mv 2 ms Proportion of ontrol mv 15 5 ms Vm soma Stimulus Strngth Thrshol Vm rst f 2n Puls Amp (mv) Input Rsistan 1 5 h i j k l Synaps 2 ms 2 mv Vm soma Proportion of ontrol 1..5 Thrshol Vm rst Input Rsistan 1 5 (MΩ) (MΩ) g 2n Puls Amp (mv) 2n Puls Amp 2n Puls Amp Supplmntary Figur 9. inrass th amplitu of th somati voltag uring NMDA spiks in tuft nrits of layr 2/3 pyramial nurons in vitro an in silio. Intrallular appliation of loks Na + hannls as wll as partially loks, Ih an K + hannls (Prkins an Wong, 1995; Talot an Sayr, 1996). Th fft of on NMDA spiks was tst using somati rorings from layr 2/3 pyramial nurons whih wr initially path with ontrol intrallular solution an thn rpath with intrallular solution ontaining. Nurons wr fill with Alxa Fluor 594 (5 μm) to ai th plamnt of an xtrallular stimulation piptt in los proximity to a tuft nrit. (a) Somati voltag rspons to somati urrnt stp injtions (1 pa stps) for (lak) an aftr (lu). Not th lak of ation potntials in th prsn of. () Squntially inrasing th intnsity of pair pulss (2x 1 ms pulss at 5 Hz) to th tuft nrit rsult in a supralinar voltag rspons oth for (lak) an aftr (lu). A suthrshol an suprathrshol rspons is shown for ah onition. () Amplitu of th somati voltag uring squntial inras in stimulus intnsity for th xampl shown in (). () signifiantly inras th amplitu of th voltag rspons y approximatly two-fol (2n puls; n = 5; p <.5). () Thr was no signifiant influn of on th stimulus intnsity (thrshol) rquir to vok a spik (n = 5) nor th rsting mmran potntial (n = 6). (f) Howvr, signifiantly inras th input rsistan y on avrag 48 ± 15 % (n = 6). (g) Bath appliation of th NMDA hannl agonist (5 μm; ottom; grn) signifiantly ras th voltag rspons. (h) Th ffts of intrallular on synapti input (loation; orang ot) was mol y ompltly or partially loking Na +, Ih, K + an onutans (s supplmntal mthos). (i) Suthrshol an suprathrshol somati rsponss to inrasing NMDA/AMPA input in ontrol (lak) an (lu) simulations at th synaps shown in (h). Not, th omputr simulations ar omparal to th xprimntal ata in (). In th prsn of, th omputational mol shows no fft on thrshol or rsting mmran potntial (j), an inras in th input rsistan (k) an an inras in th amplitu of th son puls of th pair puls stimulation whih was ras uring ath appliation of in ontrol (l). Ths omputr simulation rsults ar omparal to th in vitro ata shown in (a) - (g) an th inras in voltag uring an ntirly xplain y th ras in input rsistan. iniats p<.5. Error ars rprsnt S.E.M. Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
11 Tuft Soma Basal Layr 2/3 pyramial nuron Currnt Into Soma Bakgroun Top-own input Vm soma Conutan (ns) Soma Basal Tuft Axon Hotzon m gpassiv Ca LVA Ca HVA SKv SK E K Tst.812 K Pst.223 Nap Et2.172 Na Ta Ih E E Im Currnt Into Dnrit Dnrit 1 mv 2 ms f Input Rsistan 5 (MΩ) 7 Rsting Vm (mv) Soma In Vitro Mol In Vitro Mol g h -4 mv -6 mv -8 mv NMDA soma 2 mv 2 ms gmax ( -t/7 - -t/3 ) v Soma Dnrit AMPA gmax -t/2 5 ms 5 ms max inrasing synapti onutan 2 mv 6 mv 2 ms 2 mv nrit Supplmntary Figur 1. Dtails of th layr 2/3 omputational mol. (a) A ronstrut L2/3 pyramial nuron from th xprimntal part of this stuy was us for simulations in NEURON. () Top-own synapti inputs (r) wr pla with uniform proaility istriution aross th tuft nrits an a furthr ynapti inputs wr istriut with uniform proaility aross th ntir nuron to simulat akgroun synapti input (lu). Inst, akgroun mmran potntial. R lin: 17.3 mv from rst. Sal, 1 mv; 15 ms. () Tal of onutan valus us in th simulat nuron. All valus ar in units of ns. () A ronstrut L2/3 pyramial nuron. () Computr simulations of th voltag rspons at th soma (grn) an nrit (lu) uring urrnt injtion () into th soma (lft) an nrit (right) for th mol nuron shown in (). (f) Comparison of vitro xprimnts (n = 6) an th mol nuron for input rsistan an rsting mmran potntial. Error ars ar stanar viation. (g) (lft) Nonlinar NMDA onutan us in th mol. Not that th onutan is a funtion of th loal mmran potntial. Plots ar shown at 4, 6, an 8 mv. (Right) Linar AMPA onutan us in th mol. Not that th AMPA onutan is voltag inpnnt. (h) Simulat voltag rspons to pair puls stimulation (5 Hz) with inrasing intnsity with (r) an without (lak; ) NMDA onutan ror at th soma (lft) an at th sit of stimulation (tuft nrit; right). Inst, maximum voltag rspons at th soma as synapti onutan inrass. Th non linarity in th ontrol onition stalishs th vnt as an NMDA spik, as sri in prvious work (Shillr t al., 2, Shillr an Shillr, 21, Spruston an Kath, 24, Rhos, 26, Major t al., 28, Larkum t al., 29, Polsky t al., 29, L, 212). Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
12 NMDA onutan rmov from tuft ranhs (r): Zro ranhs On ranh Fiv ranhs Entir tuft soma 6 inputs 1 mv 2 ms zro on fiv all NMDA onutans rmov Numr of synapss rquir for ation potntial gnration 12 8 NMDA/AMPA onutan only AMPA onutan Numr of ranhs without NMDA onutan Supplmntary Figur 11. Bloking istriut NMDA onutans in th majority of th tuft affts AP gnration. Th xprimntal ata show that loally loking NMDA hannls in a singl tuft ranh os not afft somati ation potntials (APs). To furthr invstigat this, w us omputr simulations in th NEURON simulation platform to manipulat th xtnt of th tuft xprining NMDA lok an masur th rsulting fft on nuronal output. Top-own synapti inputs wr ranomly istriut aross th tuft nrits an a furthr ynapti inputs wr istriut with uniform proaility aross th ntir nuron to simulat akgroun synapti input (s Fig. S1). (a) A mol layr 2/3 pyramial nuron ha NMDA onutans lok in varying numrs of tuft ranhs. Synapti input was ranomly istriut for ah trial an ranhs shown in r ha oth akgroun an top-own NMDA onutans lok. () Mmran potntial tras in rspons to 6 synapti inputs ranomly istriut onto th tuft nrit in nurons whr NMDA onutans wr rmov from no (gry), on (rown), fiv (fuhsia) an all (grn) tuft ranhs. During this simulation, NMDA lok in fiv tuft nrits is suffiint to sustantially hang nuronal output. () Th total numr of synapss n to gnrat an AP ompar to th numr of ranhs with NMDA onutans rmov. Color ots rfr to ata shown in (). Natur Nurosin: oi:1.138/nn.3646
Digital Signal Processing Homework 7 Solutions in progress
Digital Signal Prossing Homwork 7 Solutions in progrss Du Wnsay 0 Novmbr 00 Problm 46 a, b, ) Fin th maximum valu of th magnitu of th frquny rspons ) Fin th pols an ros of H() f) Compar th minimum an maximum
More informationBipolar Transistors I
Bipolar Transistors I Pag 1 Bipolar Transistors I Th first tst of a transistor This la uss an NPN transistor, th. Lik any NPN transistor, it onsists of two PN juntions, as shown in Fig. 1 () a) ) ) Figur
More informationVerification Analysis of Spread Footing
Vrifiation manual o. Upat 03/016 Vrifiation Analysis of Spra Footing Program: Fil: Spra Footing Dmo_vm_n_0.gpa In this vrifiation manual you will fin a han-ma vrifiation analysis of aring apaity of a spra
More informationSupplementary Figures (1-6) Deletion of ADAM-9 in HGF/CDK4 mice impairs melanoma development and metastasis
Supplmntary Figurs (1-6) Dltion of ADAM-9 in HGF/CDK4 mic impairs mlanoma vlopmnt an mtastasis Nivs Giblr 1, Alxanr Schönfuß 1, Jnnifr Lansbrg #, Thomas Tüting, Cornlia Mauch an Paola Zigrino* A 25 * ADAM-9
More informationSpontaneous persistent ac.vity in entorhinal cortex modulates cor.co- hippocampal
Spontaneous persistent a.vity in entorhinal ortex moulates or.o- hippoampal intera.ons in vivo Thomas T. G. Hahn, James M. MFarlan, Sven Bererih, Bert Sakmann, Mayank R. Mehta Neoortial persistent Up states
More informationnamib I A UnIVERSITY
r' namib I A UnIVERSITY OF SCIEnCE AnD TECHnOLOGY FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT QUALIFICATION: BACHELOR OF BUSINESSS QUALIFICATION CODE: BBAD/07BBMA COURSE CODE: BEM 711S LEVEL:
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Optial ontrolling reveals time-dependent roles for adult-orn dentate granule ells Yan Gu, Maithe Arruda-Carvalho 3,4, Jia Wang, Stephen Janoshka,, Sheena Josselyn 3-5, Paul Frankland
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Schematic illustrating major conclusions of this study.
ORNs GABA A GABA B glomeruli LN PNs Supplementary Figure 1. Shemati illustrating major onlusions of this study. This study represents the most diret evidene to date of inhiitory interations etween olfatory
More informationA precise form of divisive suppression supports population coding in the primary visual cortex
A prcis form of ivisiv supprssion supports population coing in th primary visual cortx San P MacEvoy 1,2, Thomas R Tuckr 1,2 & Davi Fitzpatrick 1 Th rsponss of nurons in th primary visual cortx (V1) to
More informationLearned spatiotemporal sequence recognition and prediction in primary visual cortex
Supplementary Materials for Learned spatiotemporal sequene reognition and predition in primary visual ortex Jeffrey P. Gavornik and Mark F. Bear Howard Hughes Medial Institute Piower Institute for Learning
More informationList 3 ways these pictures are the same, and three ways they are different.
List 3 ways ths picturs ar th sam, and thr ways thy ar diffrnt. Human Nuron Comptition i i i i Follow dirctions on th sht in Bindr. 1. Mak Storyboard today and all plans to show nuron firing 2. Monday
More informationREGRESSION ASSOCIATION VS. PREDICTION
BIOSTATISTICS WORKSHOP: REGRESSION ASSOCIATION VS. PREDICTION Sub-Saharan Africa CFAR mting July 18, 2016 Durban, South Africa Rgrssion what is it good for? Explor Associations Btwn outcoms and xposurs
More informationEconomics Department Fall 2015 Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) Assessment Economics 4 (Principles of Microeconomics) - Online
Fbruary 2016 Eonomis Dpartmnt Fall 2015 Studnt Larning Outoms (SLOs) Assssmnt Eonomis 4 (Prinipls of Miroonomis) - Onlin Larning Outom Statmnt: In th Fall 2015 smstr th Eonomis Dpartmnt ngagd in an in-dpth
More information100 μm. Axon growth cones. Tubulin (red) + scr (green)
Supplementary Figures mirorna-9 regulates axon extension an ranhing y targeting Map1 in mouse ortial neurons Dajas-Bailaor, F., Bonev, B., Garez, P., Stanley, P., Guillemot, F., Papalopulu, N. a 2 μm 1
More informationAstrocyte signaling controls spike timing-dependent depression at neocortical synapses
Supplementary Information Astrocyte signaling controls spike timing-dependent depression at neocortical synapses Rogier Min and Thomas Nevian Department of Physiology, University of Berne, Bern, Switzerland
More informationELEC 353 Solution to Assignment #8. = mv, z. Vmax. = 0.285e = j0.1262
EEC 5 Solution to Assignmnt #8.An nginr nds to masur th impdan of an antnna at 450 MH. Th following masurmnts ar mad on a slottd lin, using th iruit shown abov. Th maximum voltag amplitud on th transmission
More informationb PolyA RNA-seq c RNA-seq read distribution FPKM
a Repliate 2 (FPKM) Poly+ RN-seq 14 1-2 R2 =.998 1-4 -4-2 1 1 14 Repliate 1 (FPKM) Repliate 2 (FPKM) Poly RN-seq 14 1-2 R2 =.996 1-4 1-4 1-2 14 Repliate 1 (FPKM) RN-seq rea istriution Intron 12% 14% Intergeni
More informationA Method to Estimate Ball s State of Spin by Image Processing for Improving Strategies in the RoboCup Small-Size-Robot League
A Mtho to Estimat Ball s Stat of Spin by Imag Procssing for Improving Stratgis in th RoboCup Small-Siz-Robot Lagu Yuji Nunom, Kazuhito Murakami, Masahi Ito, Kunikazu Kobayashi an Taashi Narus Grauat School
More informationFunctionally relevant neutrophilia in CD11c diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice
Funtionally rlvant nutrophilia in CD11 iphthria toxin rptor transgni mi Anré P Tittl 1,5, Christoph Husr 1,5, Christina Ohligr 1, Chrystl Llanto 1, Simon Yona 2,4, Güntr J Hämmrling 3, Danil R Engl 1,
More informationmch log height Counts GFP log height mch log height Counts GFP log height mch log height Counts high flux % Hist: 8.34 EBSS shctrl Counts
DOI:.8/n2886 mchrry-gfp-lc3 Autophgy Rportr: Autophgosom Autolysosom mchrry GFP LC3 mchrry GFP LC3 X ph >6. ph
More informationAlternate Mount and Location for a Trolling Motor. Print in Landscape Mode with ¼ inch borders.
SIDE MOTOR MOUNT Drawn 09-15-2013 Altrnat Mount and Location for a Trolling Motor Rv. 09-21-2013 Print in Landscap Mod with ¼ inch bordrs. Th primary purpos of locating th trolling motor nxt to th oprator
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. Supplementary Figure 1
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Figure 1 The supralinear events evoked in CA3 pyramidal cells fulfill the criteria for NMDA spikes, exhibiting a threshold, sensitivity to NMDAR blockade, and all-or-none
More informationFusarium vs. Soybean
Fusarium vs. Soyban Gnsata, a company which proucs soyban s for commrcial sal in Nbraska, is rsponing to th migration of Sun Dath Synrom (SDS) into Nbraska soyban fils. An infstation of SDS is far which
More informationAlternate Mount and Location for a Trolling Motor. Print in Landscape Mode with ¼ inch borders.
SIDE MOTOR MOUNT Altrnat Mount and Location for a Trolling Motor Drawn 09-15-2013 Rv. 07-11-2016 Print in Landscap Mod with ¼ inch bordrs. Th primary purpos of locating th trolling motor nxt to th oprator
More informationAvalon Desk with Hutch Assembly Instructions ITEM #
A. olt (0mm, / in) Assembly Instructions ITM # 705-70 hair Assembly HARWAR: PARTS LIST: Step Step. olt x pcs (5mm, / in). olt A A (75mm, in) Step Step. Washer. Lock Washer Allen Wrench x pc AUTION: Adult
More informationUtility of chemical shift - MRI for anterior mediastinal mature teratoma
R. MASUNO, t al : Chmial shift - MR imaging for miastinal matur tratoma 137 J. Tokyo M. Univ., 73 2 : 137-143, 2015 Utility of hmial shift - MRI for antrior miastinal matur tratoma Ryuhi MASUNO 1), Soihi
More informationProbability, Genetics, and Games
" Probability, Gntics, and Gams Hav you vr hard of gns? (W don t man th kind you war!) What color ar your ys? Can you curl your tongu? Your birth parnts gav you a uniqu st of gns that dtrmin such things.
More informationpcdna3.1 HuT5α RhT5α (μg) plpcx-based constructs 1.00E E+05 TRIM5αrh 1.00E TRIM5α plasmid (μg)
a p pdna3. as.... (μg) p pagmt5α...... (μg) Sakuma t al., Supplmntary Fig. (/2) 293T CV Vro pdna3. AgmT5α CynT5α pdna3. AgmT5α CynT5α pdna3. AgmT5α CynT5α pdna3. AgmT5α CynT5α HA βatin p CMV prom. KpnI
More informationCoatomer LPAAT-γ Merge
DI: 1.138/n2273 Cotomr LPAAT-γ Mrg Tuuls (%) 1 5 < 5 nm 5~1nm 1~2nm 2~5nm >5nm 5~1nm < 5 nm 1~2nm 2~5nm >5nm 2 min 5 min 1 min 3 min < 5 nm 5~1nm 1~2nm 2~5nm >5nm < 5 nm 5~1nm 1~2nm 2~5nm >5nm Figur S1
More informationAnalysis of piston behavior according to eccentricity ratio of disk in bent-axis type piston pump
Journal of Mhanial Sin an Thnology (8) 76~733 Journal of Mhanial Sin an Thnology www.springrlink.om/ontnt/738-494x DOI.7/s6-8-64-5 Analysis of piston bhavior aoring to ntriity ratio of isk in bnt-axis
More informationStudent ID Department/Year. Final Examination. Introduction to Computer Networks Class#: 901 E31110 Fall :30-11:10 Tuesday January 12, 2010
Nam Stunt ID Dpartmnt/Yar Final Examination Introution to Computr Ntworks Class#: 901 E31110 Fall 2009 9:30-11:10 Tusay January 12, 2010 Prohiit 1. You ar not allow to writ own th answrs using pnils. Us
More informationFinding Finding The For The For ces In A T ces In A russ Truss V? Next Contents
inin Th Th ors In Truss In this 19th ntury truss ri, th sizs of th iniviul mmrs r sin in proportion to th mnitus n hrtrs of th fors thy must rry. In this lsson, you will lrn th rphil thniqu for nlyzin
More informationPhenomenon the kinetic energy and the inertia material of the bodies
Phnomnon th kinti nrgy and th inrtia matrial of th bodis F. F. Mnd http://fmnauka.narod.ru/works.html mnd_fdor@mail.ru Abstrat In th artil is xamind physial natur of th inrtia of matrial tl. Good is known,
More informationRudolf Huber GmbH ELECTROMAGNETIC TOOTH CLUTCHES
Rudolf Hubr GmbH ELECTROMAGNETIC TOOTH CLUTCHES Aubingrwg 41 82178 Puchhim Tl: +49 (0)89 89026426 Fax: +49 (0)89 89026427 www.mz-kupplungn.d info@hubr-prazisionsmchanik.d Elctromagntic tooth clutchs with
More informationFall 2005 Economics and Econonic Methods Prelim. (Shevchenko, Chair; Biddle, Choi, Iglesias, Martin) Econometrics: Part 4
Fall 2005 Economics and Econonic Mthods Prlim (Shvchnko, Chair; Biddl, Choi, Iglsias, Martin) Economtrics: Part 4 Dirctions: Answr all qustions. Point totals for ach qustion ar givn in parnthsis; thr ar
More informationBlind Estimation of Block Interleaver Parameters using Statistical Characteristics
Advancd Scinc and Tchnology Lttrs Vol.139 (FGC 2016), pp.51-56 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2016.139.10 Blind Estimation of Block Intrlavr Paramtrs using Statistical Charactristics Jinwoo Jong 1, Youngkyun
More informationTWO REFERENCE japollo LUNAR PARKING - ORBITS / T. P. TIMER. (NASA CR OR rmx OR AD NUMBER) OCTOBER 1965 GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
x-543-55-399 * 1 TWO REFERENCE japollo LUNAR PARKING - ORBITS / I - -. -! BY T. P. TIMER,< CFSTI PRICE(S) $ c 4 (PAGES1 (NASA CR OR rmx OR AD NUMBER) 277 I (CATEGORY) ff 653 July 65 OCTOBER 1965,r ; I
More informationPharmacy in Primary Care Safety Climate Report
Summry Shows your phrmy rsults in omprison with ll othr phrmis who hv omplt th survy t th tim of ownloing your rport Communition Working Conitions Lrship Tmwork this ftor ovrs: honst isussion twn tm mmrs
More informationCOMPUTER EDUCATION TECHNIQUES, INC. (ASP.NET ) SA:
ASP.NET: Hns-on Introution In orr to lrn whih qustions hv n nswr orrtly? 1. Print ths pgs. 2. Answr th qustions. 3. Sn this ssssmnt with th nswrs vi:. FAX to (212) 967-3498. Or. Mil th nswrs to th following
More informationAN ANALYSIS OF TELEPHONE MESSAGES: MINIMIZING UNPRODUCTIVE REPLAY TIME
AN ANALYSIS OF TELEPHONE MESSAGES: MINIMIZING UNPRODUCTIVE REPLAY TIME Michal D. Fltwood, Danill L. Paig, Chris S. Fick, and Knnth R. Laughry, Sr. Dpartmnt of Psychology Ric Univrsity Houston, TX flt@ric.du
More informationOptimize Neural Network Controller Design Using Genetic Algorithm
Procdings of th 7th World Congrss on Intllignt Control and Automation Jun 25-27, 28, Chongqing, China Optimiz Nural Ntwork Controllr Dsign Using Gntic Algorithm Aril Kopl, Xiao-Hua Yu Dpartmnt of Elctrical
More informationImplementation of a planar coil of wires as a sinusgalvanometer. Analysis of the coil magnetic field
mplmntation of a planar coil of wirs as a sinusgalvanomtr Analysis of th coil magntic fild Dimitar G Stoyanov Sofia Tchnical Univrsity, Slivn Enginring and Pdagogical Faculty, 59 Burgasko Shoss Blvd, 88
More informationIdentification of Tim4 as a phosphatidylserine receptor. +Apoptotic thymocyte. +kat µg ml 1. Resident Thioglycollate.
Vol Novmr 7 oi:.8/natur67 Intifiation of Tim as a phosphatiylsrin rptor Masanori Miyanishi,, Kazutoshi Taa {, Masato Koik, Yasuo Uhiyama, Toshio Kitamura & Shigkazu Nagata,, In programm ll ath, a larg
More informationChemometrics. Derivatives in Spectroscopy. Part I The Behavior of the Derivative. Howard Mark and Jerome Workman Jr.
Chmomtrics Drivativs in Spctroscopy Part I Th Bhavior of th Drivativ Howar Mark an Jrom Workman Jr. Jrom Workman Jr. srvs on th Eitorial Avisory Boar of Spctroscopy an is vic-prsint of rsarch for Argos
More informationBIPN 140 Problem Set 6
BIPN 140 Problem Set 6 1) Hippocampus is a cortical structure in the medial portion of the temporal lobe (medial temporal lobe in primates. a) What is the main function of the hippocampus? The hippocampus
More informationComponents Required: Small bread-board to build the circuit on( or just use clip leads directly) 2ea 220pF capacitors 1 ea 1nF 10uH inductor
EELE445 Lab 3: Whit nois, ½H(f)½, and a x3 Frquncy Multiplir Purpos Th purpos of th lab is to bcom acquaintd with PSD, whit nois and filtrs in th tim domain and th frquncy domain. Whit nois and swpt sin
More informationStriatum CA
Stritum Shnk3+/ mrna lvl (norm.) mrna lvl (norm.) NuN VTA Ehmt1 Ehmt2 Stritum Shnk3+/ Fluo. intnsity (norm.) Shnk3+/ Shnk3+/ NuN CA1 Fluo. intnsity (norm.) Shnk3+/ Shnk3+/ 1µm Ehmt2 DG Fluo. intnsity (norm.)
More informationShort Summary on Materials Testing and Analysis
Short Summary on Matrials Tsting and Analysis Parts that wr analyzd Stl parts Worm with garing Bowl Spindl Hat tratabl stl C45 Hat tratabl stl C45 Polymr parts Sal Rings Rctangular Rings O-Rings Polyamid
More informationJournal of Kerbala University, Vol. 7 No.1 Scientific. 2009
EFFECT Of SOME AMINO ACIDS, VITAMINS AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON MAINTENANCE AND LENGTH OF PLANTLETS DERIVED FROM IN VITRO CULTURE OF DATE PALM (Phonix atylifral.).cv.barh Kam Irahm Aas Ahm Aulla Saa
More informationTenascin-C is an endogenous activator of Toll-like receptor 4 that is essential for maintaining inflammation in arthritic joint disease
Tnasin-C is an nognous ativator o Toll-lik rptor 4 that is ssntial or maintaining inlammation in arthriti joint isas Kim Miwoo, Sanra Sar, Anna M Piinini, Julia Inglis, Anntt Traul,3, Emma Chan,3, Stan
More informationsolving some kinds of linear third order P.D.Es.
orna o o o ation or Pr Sins Vo. No. U th assmption or soin som kins o inar thir orr P..s. i assan Mohamm Ka Unirsit o o ation or irs Math. partmnt raq aabass85@ahoo.om Sattar Nasr Ktab Ka Unirsit Rsarh
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Verification of drug infusions into the IPN. a. Representative
Supplementary Figure 1. Verifiation of drug infusions into the IPN. a. Representative neutral red-stained oronal setion from a mouse with a guide annula targeting the IPN. The guide annula sar is irled
More informationTherapeutic activation of macrophages and microglia to suppress brain tumor-initiating cells
Thraputi ativation of marophags an miroglia to supprss brain tumor-initiating lls Susobhan Sarkar 1,, Axinia Döring 1,,6, Franz J Zmp 3,6, Clauia Silva 1,, Xuqing Lun 3, Xiuling Wang 3, John Klly 1,, Waltr
More informationImproving the Surgical Ward Round.
Postr Sssion HRT1317 Innovation Awards Novmbr 2013 Brisban Improving th Surgical Ward Round. Prsntr(s):J. Lin, G. Thompson, M. Pitchr, S.Chan KEY PROBLEM -Ward Round Issus 1. Tim constraints 2. Staff changs
More informationGoing Below the Surface Level of a System This lesson plan is an overview of possible uses of the
Titl Acknowldgmnts Ovrviw Lngth Curriculum Contxt Lsson Objctiv(s) Assssmnt Systms Thinking Concpt(s) Instructional Considrations Matrials Going Blow th Surfac Lvl of a Systm This lsson plan is an ovrviw
More informationCattle Finishing Net Returns in 2017 A Bit Different from a Year Ago Michael Langemeier, Associate Director, Center for Commercial Agriculture
May 2017 Cattl Finishing Nt Rturns in 2017 A Bit Diffrnt from a Yar Ago Michal Langmir, Associat Dirctor, Cntr for Commrcial Agricultur With th xcption of May 2016, monthly fd cattl nt rturns wr ngativ
More informationBIPN 140 Problem Set 6
BIPN 140 Problem Set 6 1) The hippocampus is a cortical structure in the medial portion of the temporal lobe (medial temporal lobe in primates. a) What is the main function of the hippocampus? The hippocampus
More informationPHA Exam 1. Spring 2013
PHA 5128 Exam 1 Spring 2013 1 Antibiotics (5 points) 2 Body Wight/Pdiatrics (5 points) 3 Rnal Disas (10 points) 4 Aminoglycosids (5 points) 5 Amikacin (10 points) 6 Gntamicin (10 points) 7 Aminoglycosids
More informationSIMULATION OF DELAMINATION GROWTH UNDER HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE USING COHESIVE ZONE MODELS
Pro P. Camanho t al. Simulation of lamination SIMULTIO OF DELMITIO ROWTH UDER HIH CYCLE FTIUE USI COHESIVE ZOE MODELS PEDRO P. CMHO *, LBERT TURO **, JOSEP COST ** * DEMEI, Facula Engnharia, Univrsia o
More informationOr-Light Efficiency and Tolerance New-generation intense and pulsed light system
Or-Light Efficincy and Tolranc Nw-gnration intns and pulsd light systm Dr Patricia BERGER INTRODUCTION Th us of pulsd and intns light systms (polychromatic, non-cohrnt and non-focussd light) is a commonly
More informationMUDRA PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Physical Scincs For ET & SET Exams. Of UGC-CSIR MUDRA PHYSICAL SCIECES VOLUME-05 PART B & C MODEL QUESTIO BAK FOR THE TOPICS: 7. Exprimntal Tchniqus and Data Analysis UIT-I UIT-II 5 UIT-III 9 8. Atomic
More informationP/Q And N Channels Control Baseline and Spike-Triggered Calcium Levels in Neocortical Axons And Synaptic Boutons
P/Q And N Channels Control Baseline and Spike-Triggered Calcium Levels in Neocortical Axons And Synaptic Boutons Yuguo Yu, Carlos Maureira, Xiuxin Liu and David McCormick Supplemental Figures 1-9 1 Figure
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. GABA depolarizes the majority of immature neurons in the
Supplementary Figure 1. GABA depolarizes the majority of immature neurons in the upper cortical layers at P3 4 in vivo. (a b) Cell-attached current-clamp recordings illustrate responses to puff-applied
More informationPRELIMINARY STUDY ON DISPLACEMENT-BASED DESIGN FOR SEISMIC RETROFIT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS USING TUNED MASS DAMPER
Not: this papr was not abl to b rviwd in accordanc with DEST rquirmnts. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON DISPLACEMENT-BASED DESIGN FOR SEISMIC RETROFIT OF EXISTING BUILDINGS USING TUNED MASS DAMPER Chang-Yu Chn 1
More informationFile name: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures, Supplementary Table and Supplementary References
File name: Supplementary Information Description: Supplementary Figures, Supplementary Table and Supplementary References File name: Supplementary Data 1 Description: Summary datasheets showing the spatial
More informationAtomic and Nuclear Physics
tomic and Nuclar Physics ntroductory Exprimnts Spcific Elctron Charg LEYBOLD Physics Laflts Dtrmination of th Spcific Charg of th Elctron Objcts of th Exprimnt Study of th dflction of lctrons in a magntic
More informationSupplemental Information. Octopamine Neurons Mediate Flight-Induced Modulation of Visual Processing in Drosophila. Supplemental Inventory
1 Current Biology, Volume 22 Supplemental Information Octopamine Neurons Mediate Flight-Induced Modulation of Visual Processing in Drosophila Marie P. Suver, Akira Mamiya, and Michael H. Dickinson Supplemental
More informationThe Piezoceramic Generator for SJ
Th Pizorami Gnrator for SJ Dančová, Ptra 1, Vít, Tomáš 2 & Trávníčk, Zdněk 3 1 Ing., Dpartmnt of Powr Enginring Equipmnt, Thnial Univrsity of Libr, Hálkova 6, 461 17 Libr 1, ptra.danova@tul.z 2 Ing., PhD.,
More informationShort- and long-lasting consequences of in vivo nicotine treatment
Short- and long-lasting consequences of in vivo nicotine treatment on hippocampal excitability Rachel E. Penton, Michael W. Quick, Robin A. J. Lester Supplementary Figure 1. Histogram showing the maximal
More informatione/m apparatus (two similar, but non-identical ones, from different manufacturers; we call them A and B ) meter stick black cloth
Stony Brook Physics Laboratory Manuals Lab 6 - / of th lctron Th purpos of this laboratory is th asurnt of th charg ovr ass ratio / for th lctron and to study qualitativly th otion of chargd particls in
More informationMATH 1300: Finite Mathematics EXAM 1 15 February 2017
MATH 1300: Finit Mathmatics EXAM 1 15 Fbruary 2017 NAME:... SECTION:... INSTRUCTOR:... SCORE Corrct (A): /15 = % INSTRUCTIONS 1. DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAM UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO BY YOUR ROOM LEADER. All xam pags
More information1 INTRODUCTION. Enhanced Model Reference Fuzzy Logic Controller for High Performance Induction Motor Drive
Enhand Mod Rfrn Fuzzy Logi Contror for High Prforman Indution Motor Driv. E Dssouky, M. Tarbouhi and D. Bouhard Roya Miitary og of Canada, Etria and Computr Enginring Dpartmnt, Canada Kywords: daptiv fuzzy
More informationFerroptosis as a p53-mediated activity during tumour suppression
ARTICLE oi:1.138/natur14344 Frroptosis as a p53-miat ativity uring tumour supprssion L Jiang 1 *, Ning Kon 1 *, Tongyuan Li 1, Shang-Jui Wang 1, Tao Su 2,3, Hanina Hishoosh 2,3, Rihar Bar 1,2,3 & Wi Gu
More informationDESIGN AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF A 4:1 MUX USING SINGLE ELECTRON TUNNELING TECHNOLOGY BASED THRESHOLD LOGIC GATE
Journal of Eltron Dvis, Vol. 15, 2012, pp. 1241- JED [ISSN: 1682-3427 ] DESIGN AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF A 4:1 MUX USING SINGLE ELECTRON TUNNELING TECHNOLOGY BASED THRESHOLD LOGIC GATE Rivd 24-08-2012,
More informationMeasurement of Impulsive Distortion, Rub and Buzz and other Disturbances
Masurmnt of Impulsiv Distortion, Rub an Buzz an othr Disturbancs Wolfgang Klippl, Ulf Sil Klippl GmbH Drsn, 0309, Grman www.klippl. ABSTRACT Th traitional istortion masurmnt transforms th tim signal into
More informationSupporting Information
ATP from synaptic terminals and astrocytes regulates NMDA receptors and synaptic plasticity through PSD- 95 multi- protein complex U.Lalo, O.Palygin, A.Verkhratsky, S.G.N. Grant and Y. Pankratov Supporting
More information11/26/12. Dendri,c processing in real neurons
Dendri,c processing in real neurons N Spruston (2008) Pyramidal neurons: dendri,c structure and synap,c integra,on. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 9:206-221. The shapes of cortical pyramidal neurons vary, but follow
More informationSupplemental Information. Differential Regulation. of Evoked and Spontaneous Release. by Presynaptic NMDA Receptors
Neuron, Volume 96 Supplemental Information Differential Regulation of Evoked and Spontaneous Release by Presynaptic NMDA Receptors Therése Abrahamsson, hristina You hien hou, Si Ying Li, Adamo Mancino,
More informationUnique functional properties of somatostatin-expressing GABAergic neurons in mouse barrel cortex
Supplementary Information Unique functional properties of somatostatin-expressing GABAergic neurons in mouse barrel cortex Luc Gentet, Yves Kremer, Hiroki Taniguchi, Josh Huang, Jochen Staiger and Carl
More informationA Robust R-peak Detection Algorithm using Wavelet Packets
Intrnational Journal of Computr Applications (975 8887) A Robust R-pak Dtction Algorithm using Wavlt Packts Omkar Singh School of Elctronics and Communication Enginring Lovly Profssional Univrsity Punjab-INDIA
More informationEXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY AND NEWTON S SECOND LAW
EXPERIMENT 4 DETERMINATION OF ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY AND NEWTON S SECOND LAW I. Introduction. Thr ar two objctivs in this laboratory xrcis. Th first objctiv, (A), is th study of th bhavior of a body
More informationAn experimental evaluation of three theories of auditory stream segregation
Prcption & Psychophysics 1993, 53 (2), 179-189 An xprimntal valuation of thr thoris of auditory stram sgrgation WENDY L. ROGERS and ALBERT S. BREGMAN McGill Univrsity, Montral, Qubc, Canada Thr thoris
More informationSimulation of Communication Systems
Simulation of Communication Systms By Xiaoyuan Wu Thsis submittd to th faculty of th Virginia Polytchnic Institut and Stat Univrsity in partial fulfillmnt of th rquirmnts for th dgr of Mastr of Scinc in
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information D-Serine regulates cerebellar LTD and motor coordination through the 2 glutamate receptor Wataru Kakegawa, Yurika Miyoshi, Kenji Hamase, Shinji Matsuda, Keiko Matsuda, Kazuhisa
More informationSEVERE HYPOXIA IMPAIRS LATERALIZATION IN A MARINE TELEOST FISH
First post onlin on 30 Octobr 2014 as 10.1242/jb.111229 J Exp Biol Avanc Accss Onlin th most Articls. rcnt vrsion First at post http://jb.biologists.org/lookup/oi/10.1242/jb.111229 onlin on 30 Octobr 2014
More informationCerebrovascular disease Defined from diagnosis ICD10: I60-69, ICD8:
Supplmntary Tabl 1: ICD cods Diagnoss, surgical procdurs, and pharmacothrapy usd for dfining th study population, comorbidity, and outcoms Study population Myocardial Infarction ICD8: 430 ICD10: I21-22
More information% of Nestin-EGFP (+) cells
8 7 6 3 Nestin CD % of Nestin-EGFP (+) ells 8 6 Nestin-EGFP Marge Nestin-EGFP Marge Expression levels of Expression levels of Tumorigeniity y stemness markers ifferentiation markers limiting ilution assay
More information17th AMC (C) 2 (D) 2 1 2
17th AC 8 2001 2 1. Cay ho cla i making a golf trohy. H ha to aint 300 iml on a golf ball. If it tak him 2 con to aint on iml, how many minut will h n to o hi job? (A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10 (E) 12 2. I
More informationLesions of prefrontal cortex reduce attentional modulation of neuronal responses. and synchrony in V4
Lesions of prefrontl ortex reue ttentionl moultion of neuronl responses n synhrony in V4 Georgi G. Gregoriou,, Anrew F. Rossi, 3 Leslie G Ungerleier, 4 Roert Desimone 5 Deprtment of Bsi Sienes, Fulty of
More informationMnemonic representations of transient stimuli and temporal sequences in the rodent hippocampus in vitro
Supplementary Material Mnemonic representations of transient stimuli and temporal sequences in the rodent hippocampus in vitro Robert. Hyde and en W. Strowbridge Mossy ell 1 Mossy ell Mossy ell 3 Stimulus
More informationDep. Control Time (min)
aa Control Dep. RP 1s 1 mv 2s 1 mv b % potentiation of IPSP 2 15 1 5 Dep. * 1 2 3 4 Time (min) Supplementary Figure 1. Rebound potentiation of IPSPs in PCs. a, IPSPs recorded with a K + gluconate pipette
More informationP215 Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels Chapter 14 Introduction
P215 Cardiovascular Systm Blood Vssls Chaptr 14 Introduction vins tubs for blood flow lumn - for blood flow wall - Blood Flow Through Blood Vssls largst vins hart largst artris blood always containd by
More informationWenqin Hu, Cuiping Tian, Tun Li, Mingpo Yang, Han Hou & Yousheng Shu
Distinct contributions of Na v 1.6 and Na v 1.2 in action potential initiation and backpropagation Wenqin Hu, Cuiping Tian, Tun Li, Mingpo Yang, Han Hou & Yousheng Shu Supplementary figure and legend Supplementary
More informationResearch into the effect of the treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome with the Phystrac traction device
Rsarch into th ffct of th tratmnt of th carpal tunnl syndrom with th Phystrac traction dvic Rsarch carrid out in commission of: Fysiothrapi Cntrum Zuidwold By: Irn Kloostrman MA Octobr 2006 Forword This
More informationPartial Occlusion Modulates Contour-Based Shape Encoding in Primate Area V4
12 The Journal of Neurosiene, Marh 16, 11 31(11):12 24 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Partial Olusion Moulates Contour-Base Shape Enoing in Primate Area V4 Brittany N. Bushnell, Philip J. Haring, Yoshito
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
8w Pia II/III IV V VI PV EYFP EYFP PV EYFP PV d PV EYFP Supplementary Figure a Spike probability x - PV-Cre d Spike probability x - RS RS b e Spike probability Spike probability.6......8..... FS FS c f
More informationLearning Rules for Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity Depend on Dendritic Synapse Location
10420 The Journal of Neuroscience, October 11, 2006 26(41):10420 10429 Cellular/Molecular Learning Rules for Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity Depend on Dendritic Synapse Location Johannes J. Letzkus,
More informationPropagation of Cold Pulses and Heat Pulses in ASDEX Upgrade
Propagation of Cold Pulss and Hat Pulss in ASDEX Upgrad R. Nu 1,F.Rytr 1,R.Dux 1, H.-U. Fahrbach 1, A. Jacchia,J.E.Kinsy 3,F.Lutrr 1, F. D Luca 4, G. Prvrzv 1, J. Stobr 1, W. Suttrop 1, ASDEX Upgrad Tam
More informationNeuroscience 201A (2016) - Problems in Synaptic Physiology
Question 1: The record below in A shows an EPSC recorded from a cerebellar granule cell following stimulation (at the gap in the record) of a mossy fiber input. These responses are, then, evoked by stimulation.
More informationReliability Demonstration Test Plan
Rliability Dmonstration Tst Plan STATGRAPHICS Cnturion Rv. 6/7/04 Summary... Exampl... Analysis Window... Output... 4 Calculations... 5 Distributions... 5 Summary This procdur crats tst plans to dmonstrat
More information