Organogenesis of Heart, Kidney, Nervous System & Sense Organs. [ GLOSSARY ]

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Organogenesis of Heart, Kidney, Nervous System & Sense Organs. [ GLOSSARY ] Subject : Zoology Course : 3rd Year, B.Sc. Undergraduate UGC Syllabus, Model - 1 Paper No.

1 Organogenesis of Heart, Kidney, Nervous System & Sense Organs. [ GLOSSARY ] Subject : Zoology Course : 3rd Year, B.Sc. Undergraduate UGC Syllabus, Model - 1 Paper No. : Z-305B & Title : Developmental Biology Topic No. : 7. & Title : Organogenesis of Heart, Kidney, Nervous System & Sense Organs. Lecture Title : Organogenesis of Heart, Kidney, Nervous System & Sense Organs.

2 Subject Co-ordinator Dr. M. V. Rao Professor and Head, Dept. of Zoology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad. Subject Expert & Presenter Ankita Shah Dept. of Zoology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad. Technical Assistant Archna Patel Nandini Joshi Editing & Graphic Akash Choudhary Multimedia Gaurang Sondarva Camera Maqbool Chavda Technician Mukesh Soni

3 Floor Hemant upadhyay Helper Govind sinh Jagdish Jadeja Producer Dr. M. V. Rao Dinesh Goswami

4 GLOSSARY Aqueduct of Sylvius - A fluid-filled canal which runs through the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles. Arachnoid matter - It is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord. Auditory meatus - It is a canal in the petrous part of the temporal bone of the skull, on each side and serves as the passageway for the cranial nerves and for the labyrinthine artery, between the middle and inner ear. Centrum - The solid central part of a vertebra, to which the arches and processes are attached. Choana - It is the posterior nasal aperture. Chondroblasts - Chondroblasts are thecmesenchymal progenitor cells in situ which, from endochondral ossification, will form chondrocytes in the growing cartilage matrix. Chondrocranium - The primary skull of vertebrates, composed of cartilage, which in humans

5 and most other vertebrates is replaced by bone during development. Choroid coat - The pigmented vascular coat of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera. Columella - It is an ossicle of the middle ear of birds, reptiles and amphibians. Dermatome - The lateral wall of each somite in a vertebrate embryo, giving rise to the connective tissue of the skin. Diencephalon - The posterior part of the fore-brain containing the epithalamus, thalamus, ventral thalamus, hypothalamus and the third ventricle. Dura matter - The tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. Ectoderm - The outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development or the parts derived from this, which includes the epidermis, nerve tissue and nephridia. Endoderm - The innermost layer of the cells or tissue of an embryo in early development or the parts derived from this, which includes the lining of the gut and associated structures.

6 Eustachian tube - A narrow passage leading from the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear, permitting the equalization of pressure on each side of the eardrum. Glomerulus - A cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, especially a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule. Hypothalamus - A region of the forebrain below the thalamus which coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger and other homeostatic systems, involved in sleep and emotional activity. Jacobson s organ - A scent organ consisting of a pair of sacs or tubes typically in the roof of the mouth in many vertebrates. Lateral line organs - It is a system of sense organs found in aquatic vertebrates to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water. Ligaments - A short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint. Mesencephalon - It is another term for midbrain.

7 Mesocardia - It is the abnormal location of the heart in the central part of the thorax. Mesoderm - It is the middle layer of cells or tissues of an embryo, or the parts derived from this which includes cartilage, muscles and bone. Metencephalon - The anterior segment of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the cerebellum and pons. Myelencephalon - A subdivision of the brain used to describe the area that gives way to development of the medulla oblongata. Neural crest cells - They are transient, multipotent, migratory cell population unique to vertebrates that gives rise to a diverse cell lineage including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia. Neurocoel - The cavity or the system of cavities in the interior of the vertebrate central nervous system comprising the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain. Neuroglia cells - They are neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain and peripheral nervous system.

8 Neurulation - It refers to the folding process in vertebrate embryos, which includes transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube. Optic vesicle - An evagination of each lateral wall of the embryonic vertebrate forebrain from which the nervous structures of the eye develop. Organogenesis - It is the process by which the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. Pia matter - The delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. Rhombencephalon - It is another term for hindbrain. Sclerotic coat- The whitish fibrous membrane that with the cornea forms the outer covering and protection of the eyeball. Stratum germinativum - It is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, which is the outer covering of skin. It is the continuous layer of cells. Tegmentum - A region of grey matter on either side of the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain.

9 Tendon- A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone. Tympanic membrane - It is a membrane forming part of the organ of hearing, which vibrates in response to sound waves. In humans and other higher vertebrates it forms the eardrum, between the outer and middle ear.

Review of Nervous System Anatomy

Review of Nervous System Anatomy For the real amazement, if you wish to be amazed, is this process. You start out as a single cell derived from the coupling of a sperm and an egg; this divides in two, then four, then eight, and so on,