HARRY BROOKES ALLEN MUSEUM OF ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY

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1 HEALTH & HD VCE student worksheets PHOTOGRAPHY & FILMING IN THE MUSEUM ARE STRICTLY PROHIBITED Real people have generously donated their bodies so that students can learn about health and disease. Our donors deserve the utmost respect and admiration for their invaluable contribution to medical science. In accordance with the Human Tissue Act and out of respect for our body donors. Name Date School mdhs.unimelb.edu.au/harrybrookesallenmuseum

2 MUSEUM ANNEX The museum annex contains displays that will give you a general introduction to the anatomy and pathology of the human body. Please take some time to familiarise yourself with the way the specimens are displayed. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT FROM CONCEPTION TO LATE CHILDHOOD 1. Foetal development Cabinet 37A, Specimen At nine weeks the head is almost half the size of the entire foetus. Describe three other features of foetal development during weeks A. B. C. 2. Specimen Cabinet 37A During weeks the pupillary membrane disappears. Are the eyes open or closed at this time? 3. Abnormal foetal development Specimen , Cabinet 37A Foetus with triploidy (69 chromosomes) Using the diagram above, what is the normal number of chromosome pairs in humans?

3 PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 4. Bone growth display (far wall of the museum annex and Cabinet 37D) Endochondral ossific tion is the process of bone development from hyaline cartilage. The periosteum is the connective tissue on the outside of bone that acts as the interface between bone, blood vessels, tendons, and ligaments. What is the epiphyseal plate? 5. Specimen Foetal specimens in which the primary centres of ossific tion have been stained red with alzarin. Where are the primary centres still absent in the middle specimen (8.5 weeks)?

4 MAIN MUSEUM The main museum is divided into bays, and each bay represents a major system or region of the body (see map on the last page of this worksheet). BIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH - GENETICS 6. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (Front left, in historical wooden cabinet) Fibrodysplasia ossificans p ogressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare disease of the connective tissue caused by an autosomal dominant allele on chromosome 2q FOP is an autosomal dominant disorder that affects individuals who are heterozygous with a homozygous recessive partner, therefore their children will have 50% chance of being affected. Two affected individuals can produce unaffected children. Two examples of FOP are displayed at the front of the main museum. What symptoms are associated with this disease? 7. View specimens 436 and 7378 (Front centre, in historical wooden cabinet) These specimens display another genetic disorder that causes abnormal bone growth. What is the name of this disease?

5 BEHAVIOURAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 8. Effect of smoking on the lungs The lungs are made of functionally separate lobes. These lobes are serviced by air passages formed by bronchii. Label the trachea or windpipe, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchii on the diagram below: View the different lungs in the Thorax Bay and see if you can identify the different lobes on each. Note the spongy appearance of the lung tissue. 9. See specimen (Cabinet 4B). Smoking can result in emphysema of the lung. Label the area of damage on the image above. What is the likely consequence of this damage?

6 10. Alcoholism and liver damage Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol can cause damage to the liver. Fatty acids accumulate in the liver, followed by scarring of the liver tissue. Cirrhosis is the late stage of serious liver disease and includes inflamm tion (swelling), fib osis (cellular hardening), scarring and necrosis (cell death). Compare the healthy liver (Specimen , 'Abdomen Bay') with the liver displaying cirrhosis (Specimen 0091, Cabinet 11C). What is the main difference between the surface appearances of these two specimens? 11. Sun exposure and melanoma (Cabinet 28B) Melanoma is a malignant tumour of the melanocytes, the melanin pigment producing cells of the skin. This skin cancer is primarily causes by UV-light exposure from the sun. Australia has the highest incidence of melanoma in the world. Name the four physical changes used to detect melanoma: A. B. C. D.

7 BEHAVIOURAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 12. Rickets Cabinet 20A, Specimens 380 and 379 What deficiency can result in rickets (defective mineralization of bones)? SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES 13. Syphilis (Cabinet 23D, Historical wooden cabinet, front centre) The above image is a scanning electron micrograph of the bacteria responsible for syphilis. What is the name of this bacteria? What are two different ways syphilis can be transmitted? A. B. Name the three different stages of syphilis? A. B. C.

8 MUSEUM MAP 1. MUSEUM ANNEXE (E301) Screen HARRY BROOKES ALLEN MUSEUM OF ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY Store Room Meeting Room D A Curators Office 2. MAIN MUSEUM (E309) Reproductive & Urinary Systems Urinary and Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System D E Brain & CNS Brain and CNS the Brain and CNS Abdomen Hepatobiliary System Gastrointestinal System C Computers F Musculoskeletal System Upper Limb & Back Musculoskeletal System Thorax Cardiovascular System Respiratory System B G Musculoskeletal System Lower Limb & Pelvis Musculoskeletal System Map Men Lymphatic & Endocrine Systems Lymphatic System Endocrine System A Skeletons Integumentary System the skin Head & Neck Hydrocephalus Skulls Fibrodysplasia ossificans Exit via Lecture Theatre