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1 Name: A. carbohydrates B. chemical reactions C. elements D. lipids E. molecules F. nucleic acids G. proteins H. subunits 1. Sugars and starches are that provide cells with energy. Date: 2. are molecules that make up membranes of cells and organelles. 3. are important because they carry out many of the activities of a cell. 4. are molecules that carry the information cells need to grow, reproduce, and repair themselves. 5. Water is very important for a cell because many of the inside a cell take place in water. 6. Many of the of a cell are made up of chains of carbon atoms. Extended Response 7. Give an example of how each of the following types of molecules functions in a cell: proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. A. cellular respiration B. chemical energy C. chloroplast D. fermentation E. glucose F. mitochondria G. photosynthesis 8. To stay alive, a cell must be able to release the that is stored in a molecule's bonds. 9. is the process by which plants produce glucose and oxygen. 10. A major energy source for most cells is a sugar molecule called. 11. Cells use oxygen to release the energy in glucose during. 12. Cellular respiration takes place in a cell's. 13. If a muscle cell does not have enough oxygen, it can still release energy through the process of. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 1

2 Extended Response 14. Contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration using these terms: carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, water, sunlight, chlorophyll, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. A. active transport B. cell membrane C. concentration D. diffusion E. endocytosis F. exocytosis G. osmosis H. passive transport 15. describes the amount of material dissolved in a certain amount of liquid. 16. is the process by which molecules spread out in all directions to move toward an equal distribution. 17. Materials moving into or out of a cell must cross the. 18. To fight viruses, cell membranes can absorb viruses through a process called. 19. In, materials move into and out of a cell without using energy. 20. is the diffusion of water into and out of a cell. 21. Cells can use energy to move substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration through. 22. Cells use a process called to expel large molecules such as proteins. Extended Response 23. Contrast the following pairs of terms: passive transport and active transport; endocytosis and exocytosis. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 2

3 Answer Key 1. A. carbohydrates 2. D. lipids 3. G. proteins 4. F. nucleic acids 5. B. chemical reactions 6. E. molecules 7. 4 pointsfor a response that correctly describes the function of each of the four types of molecules Sample: Proteins do much of the work of the cell, including fighting infections and carrying oxygen through the body. Enzymes are proteins that control chemical reactions in a cell. Nucleic acids provide a cell with the information it needs to make almost all of the other types of molecules the cell needs. Carbohydrates provide a cell with energy. Some carbohydrates, such as cellulose, provide support. Lipids are used to store energy and also make up protective membranes. 3 points:correctly describes the function of three molecules 2 points:correctly describes the function of two molecules 1 point:correctly describes the function of one molecule 8. B. chemical energy 9. G. photosynthesis 10. E. glucose 11. A. cellular respiration 12. F. mitochondria 13. D. fermentation pointsfor a response that contrasts the two processes by correctly using all eight terms Sample: During cellular respiration, mitochondriain cells use oxygento release energy stored in glucose. Water and carbon dioxideare given off. During photosynthesis, the chlorophyllinside chloroplasts captures energy from sunlight. The energy is used to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. 3 points:contrasts the two processes by correctly using six or seven terms 2 points:contrasts the two processes by correctly using four or five terms 1 point:contrasts the two processes by correctly using fewer than four terms 15. C. concentration 16. D. diffusion 17. B. cell membrane 18. E. endocytosis 19. H. passive transport 20. G. osmosis 21. A. active transport 22. F. exocytosis Unsaved Test, Version: 1 3

4 23. 4 points for an answer that correctly contrasts each pair of terms Sample: Passive transport is the movement of materials into and out of a cell from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Passive transport does not require energy. Active transport is the movement of materials into and out of a cell from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Active transport requires energy. Endocytosis is the movement of materials that are too big to go through the cell membrane into a cell. Exocytosis is the movement of materials that are too big to go through the cell membrane out of a cell. 3 points: correctly contrasts one pair of terms and partially contrasts the other 2 points: correctly contrasts one pair of terms 1 point: partially contrasts one pair of terms Unsaved Test, Version: 1 4

5 Standards Summary CA 7.1.a Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 5