The First system that is involved when we exercise is the respiratory system. This system helps provide our body with oxygen it needs.

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Magdalene Price
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1 When we exercise we use several systems the main 3 systems are the Respiratory, the circulatory, and the muscular system. Lots of parts in our body work when we exercise like the heart, the lungs and blood vessels. The First system that is involved when we exercise is the respiratory system. This system helps provide our body with oxygen it needs. Breathing The first process in the respiratory system is breathing. Breathing is breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon-dioxide. If you stop breathing you ll die, Breathing is essential.when we start breathing we breathe automatically always every second of your life, since you were born and until you die. After we breathe in air, it goes through the trachea which is also known as the wind pipe.

The trachea is a pipe that connects to your lungs. In the trachea there are tiny hairs called Cilia, these catch mucus and dirt before it goes into the lungs.

2 The trachea is a pipe that connects to your lungs. In the trachea there are tiny hairs called Cilia, these catch mucus and dirt before it goes into the lungs. There is a muscle that helps us breathe and its called the diaphragm. The Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle and it is located under the lungs. When we breathe in the diaphragm contracts and the lungs expand to make more room for oxygen. When we breathe out the lungs deflate and the diaphragm relaxes. Lungs The lungs are the main organs in the respiratory system. The lungs are located in the chest and rest on top of the diaphragm. The lungs are protected by 12 sets of ribs and it is called the Rib cage. The lungs are pink and Squishy like a sponge. The lungs are not the same size, the left lung is smaller than the right lung to make room for the heart which is behind it. The lungs are also covered in a slick layer called the pleural membrane, this helps the lungs to move during breathing. There are 3 parts in the lungs and the first one is when the trachea splits into two parts to fit both of the lungs this is the bronchus. The Bronchus is the main tube to the lungs the plural word for bronchus is bronchi, The bronchus allows air into the lungs.

The next part of the lungs is the bronchioles, they are connected to the bronchus, They keep on getting smaller and smaller as more bronchioles connect to each other.

3 The next part of the lungs is the bronchioles, they are connected to the bronchus, They keep on getting smaller and smaller as more bronchioles connect to each other. The bronchioles are as a thickness of a hair and there are 30,000 in each lung, they transport air to and from the alveoli. The alveoli is the last part of the lungs, The Alveoli are clumps of air sacs that are located at the end of each bronchiole. There are 600,0000 alveoli in the lungs, They fill up with air when you breathe in ( inhale). And when they fill up with air they allow the air to travel to your blood, The alveoli is surrounded by blood vessels called capillaries. Blood Blood is also part of the respiratory system. The capillaries are small enough for blood cells to be in single file. The air in the alveoli gets transferred to the lungs to breathe out. Exercise Exercise is, running, jumping, skipping skiing and etc. Now This is what happens when you exercise, When you Exercise your body needs more oxygen. While you are exercising you breathe faster and deeper. We breathe in 3 litres or more, 50 time or more per minute.

4 The second system involved in exercise is the circulatory system also known as the cardiovascular system. this system is all about pumping blood around the body. Heart The most important organ in the circulatory system is the heart. The heart is located in the left middle side of the chest, it is located there because it is close to all of the important organs in our body. if you are wondering why the heart should be close to all our important it s because the organs need oxygen and nutrients and the other reason is because it is easier to pump blood to the upper body. The heart is behind the rib cage and the rib cage provides protection to the lungs and the heart which is behind the left lung. The left lung is smaller than the other to make more room for the heart. have you ever seen a muscle working all day and all night? It is the heart! The heart is a red coloured muscle and it is the size of its owners fist. The heart muscle is a special muscle, its not like the rest of the muscles, the heart muscle fibres are spiral instead of straight, they are like that to make the heart muscle stronger. The heart has 4 different parts which are called chambers, and there are 2 different sides, the left side and the right side. The right side has a right ventricle, a right atrium and the tricuspid valve. The right ventricle pumps the blood

5 to the pulmonary artery and the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body. The Tricuspid is the valve between the atrium and ventricle, it also allows blood from the ventricle to the atrium. The left Atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, And the left ventricle pumps the blood to the aorta. The bicuspid valve is the valve between the ventricle and the atrium, and it also allows blood into the left ventricle. Nerves The sympathic nerves receive impulses from the brain That tells the heart to beat, they also tell the heart rate and force to increase when needed. The parsympathic nerves tell the heart to slow down when needed. 3 circulations There are three circulations in the circulatory system and one of them is the pulmonary circulation. This carries the blood to and from the heart and the lungs The bronchial circulation supplies blood to tissue of the larger air wungs in the lungs Another circulation is the coronary circulation it s the circulation of blood to the cardiac muscle (the heart). Coronary vessels carry blood around the body, They are always working and they need oxygen and nutrients to work they also take waste away.

6 The last circulation is the systemic circulation. systemic circulation sends blood around the body and provides send oxygen and nutrients to all our body cells It also takes away waste from the bodies cells Blood vessels The next important part of the circulatory system is the blood vessels, There are 3 types of blood vessels one of them are the arteries. Arteries have 4 layer and they are the tunica media, tunica adventitia, the lumen layers and the tunica intima. The Tunica adventitia contacts blood vessels to supply arteries with oxygen and nutrients. The Tunica Media is a muscular layer, The muscular layer is thick in an artery, it also creates higher pressure. The tunica media is also an elastic layer, it is elastic so they can move. The tunica media is the inner lining, it is made of ethodical cells. The lumen lining is the hollow centre of vessels, The lumen is not as wide as a veins lumen. The lumen layer creates a very high pressure. Capillaries The Capillaries are small, and they don t have 3 tunica layers the capillaries has 1 layer of enthical cells. Veins

7 The veins have the same structure as arteries. but the have some differences, The first difference is that the lumen is wider and it has a lower pressure system, It Also has a Thinner Tunica media and less pressure too. Veins have certain values. those values are that the veins stop blood from going to the wrong direction it acts as reservoir it also allows blood to pool. Appearance All blood vessels look alike but their sizes aren t the same. The blood vessels are whitish in the body. Veins under skin appear blue, and that is because the light can penetrate the skin. In text books arteries are red and veins are blue to know which is which. Types There are 3 types of blood vessels and one of them is Arteries. Arteries are deep inside the body unlike the veins and that is to protect them (The Arteries). The arteries transport oxygenated blood from the heart. The heart has a very high pressure so that means if you cut an artery it will squirt with each heart beat until you die but that doesn t mean that you can t survive. The arteries keep on getting smaller and smaller until they become arterials. The arteries are in the same place in all people. The second type of blood vessels are capillaries, Arteries filter blood into capillaries. Capillaries Deposit oxygen

8 and nutrients to cells. Capillaries transfers waste and carbon dioxide to blood. Veins The veins are the last type of blood vessels. veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. Veins have lower pressure than arteries and if you cut one of them the blood will dribble instead of squirting. Veins also keep on getting bigger and bigger from capillaries they become venules and then veins. There are many veins lie just under your skin minor veins are different from person to person. Vessels around the heart There are many vessels around the heart and one of them is the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. It Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart. The other one is the aorta. The Aorta is the largest artery in the body, and it s job is to take oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and pump it around the body. The last blood vessel is the vena cava. the vena cava are the 2 main veins the superior vena cava and the Inferior vena cava Returns blood from the lower body to the heart Blood heats our body Did you know that blood is the reason that our body is warm? Blood takes heat from busy places like the heart,

liver and the lungs. After the blood takes heat from busy places it spread it evenly around the body. Four main parts There are four main parts in the blood and one of them is the red blood cells.

9 liver and the lungs. After the blood takes heat from busy places it spread it evenly around the body. Four main parts There are four main parts in the blood and one of them is the red blood cells. Red blood cells are what make the blood red, half the volume of the blood is red blood cells. there are billions of them in blood, The red blood cells also transport things like carrying oxygen to cells in our body or carrying waste and carbon dioxide. The other main part is white blood cells. the white blood cells are the biggest cells in the blood. They clean the blood from germs and things like that They also fight diseases. The second last main part is platelets. Platelets are the smallest in the blood there are billions of them in the blood, They help the blood clot when you get a cut. The last main part is plasma. The plasma is a watery substance. The other parts float in it, plasma is also what makes the blood a liquid. the plasma carries nutrients to cells, waste to the kidneys it also carries body control substances and they are called hormones. Kidneys Kidneys are a part of the urinary system but they also play an important job in the circulatory system.

10 In the Circulatory system their job is to clean the blood they also dispose of waste through urine. the kidneys Get rid of physical waste from the blood. You actually have two kidneys but you can live with one. The kidneys are located in your back just below the middle, the kidneys are the shape of a bean.in the kidneys there are tiny filters called nephrons in cortex. The ureter is the tube where waste trickles to bladder. Exercise When we exercise the system accelerates by that I mean it works faster, The heart pumps faster and harder and it has to pump and this is because has to pump the blood around the body quicker. When the heart pumps faster The bodies cells need more oxygen and nutrients and the body cells dispose of more waste.

The muscular System is all about muscles it is the 3 rd system used in exercise. there are different types of muscles, They a have different appearance and different movements.

11 The muscular System is all about muscles it is the 3 rd system used in exercise. there are different types of muscles, They a have different appearance and different movements. There are 3 types of muscles voluntary, Involuntary, and the cardiac muscle. Voluntary muscles are skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscles are very adaptable, they are used in different situations like writing and exercising. skeletal muscles are used for moving the body and they only move when needed. Skeletal muscles are connected to bones like biceps, triceps and other muscles. They muscles move with thought. The second type is involuntary muscles which are also known as smooth muscles. Smooth muscles move without conscious thought. They are controlled by the autonomic nervous

12 system.vital body processes like the heart beating, breathing and digesting (stomach and intestines) are controlled by these. They are needed to survive. Smooth muscles are walls of hollow structures in the body. The last type of muscle is the cardiac muscle And it is the heart. The heart is classified as involuntary, but it is smooth on the inside however a skeletal muscle on the outside. All, of the muscles have different appearances. skeletal muscles half of the bodies weight and there are more than 640 muscles on an average human s body. Skeletal muscles are red in colour, because of the blood in them. Skeletal muscles have different layers, There is a layer just under the skin and it is called the superficial layer,the second layer is called the deeper layer and some muscles have 3 layers and the third layer is called the medical layer. the skeletal muscles come in different shapes and sizes. All muscles are the same on the inside and most of them are long

13 and slim and Some are different for example, Pecs (pectorals) Are fan shaped, the abdominal wall is broad and wide and it is shaped like a flat sheet. There are some interesting facts about muscles. The gluteus Maximus (your buttocks) are the biggest muscles in the body. Smooth muscles are another type of muscle, they have a smooth surface. They also have a reddish Appearance like skeletal muscles. Each muscle type have parts There are 2 parts in muscle and they are fibres and tendons. The skeletal muscle fibres are bundled together. Each one is slightly smaller than a hair and Each fibre is made of dozens of smaller parts called fibrils. They are bound up together by a connective tissue called Epimysium. The muscle fibres are divided into groups by a sheath called

perimysium. Within a groups each fibre is surrounded by Indomysium. and they have blood vessels around them. Each fibre contains thinner threads, big muscles have more fibres.

14 perimysium. Within a groups each fibre is surrounded by Indomysium. and they have blood vessels around them. Each fibre contains thinner threads, big muscles have more fibres. They are striated at microscopic level. skeletal muscles have tendons. Tendons attach at each end of a muscle. Tendons are strengthened by strong thick fibres or collagen Tendons are even stronger than super glue. The smooth muscle fibres are not striated and that makes them smooth.they don t have tendons and they help Hollow structures in the body to move, i.e., gut, intestines. The cardiac muscle fibres are special form of striated fibres. They are arranged in a spiral pattern. That helps to squeeze the blood through. the cardiac muscle has no tendons as its constantly moving.

15 Each muscle type moves in different ways. Skeletal muscles move with conscious thought. The movement of the muscles are controlled by the brain, but we have to think about moving. When muscles contract they cannot get longer, but they shorten to 70% of the relaxed length. skeletal muscles are adaptable, they exert small force. For example picking up a feather and greater force like lifting a heavy object. Skeletal muscles tire easily, they also need a period of rest, they use glucose(sugar) as fuel. Skeletal muscles react to certain things almost instantly. Smooth muscles move without thought. They are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, smooth muscles are involved in the regulation of our bodies internal environment. They contract in a gradual synchronised manner and are much slower than skeletal muscles. They have the motion of a wave in some organs e.g. guts and intestines.

16 Smooth muscles never get tired, they keep steadily contracting for a long period of time. They are working all the time, for example used in eyes controlling size of pupil and lens, digestion, in the skin, reacts to hairs and skin feelings and, They regulate size of lumens in blood vessels. Smooth muscles respond to stress. they change body functions for different situations like when you are nervous, excited, etc. The cardiac muscle is another name for the heart. the heart moves without though even though it is striated like a skeletal muscle. The heart is tireless. it speeds up and slows down when needed, the heart contracts like a wave to push the blood out. the cardiac muscle has the ability to contract spontaneously and it will beat for a short time after removed from the body When we exercise muscles move quicker muscles will need more glucose as they are using more energy. When muscles tire, they can cramp if they are over tired. When we exercise we damage

17 muscle fibres to build stronger ones. when they heal they become thicker and stronger. Other systems we used during exercise as your using energy and oxygen quicker The heart beats faster, blood vessels transport more blood, and we also breathe quicker When we exercise we use 3 main systems however we use other systems like the skeletal system, the urinary system and others. As it is seen, all our body systems work together.

By Semih. The first system is about the respiratory system. It provides our body with the oxygen it needs and gets rid of carbon dioxide.

By Semih. The first system is about the respiratory system. It provides our body with the oxygen it needs and gets rid of carbon dioxide. By Semih Exercise is very important to our body. Exercise is an everyday activity and it keeps your body fit and healthy. There are 3 main systems involved are the respiratory system, the circulatory system