Jehad Samhouri. Dana Ziyad Almanzalji and ru'aa Nade. Hanan Jaafer. 1 P a g e
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1 4 Jehad Samhouri Dana Ziyad Almanzalji and ru'aa Nade Hanan Jaafer 1 P a g e
2 General features: Epithelium is an avascular a means no there aren t any blood vessels inside epithelium tissues. So, how do they get food and Oxygen? By connective tissue that located under epithelium tissues. Epithelial tissue composed of cells ( packed together ) that cover the exterior body surfaces and line internal closed cavities and tubes with little intercellular material. No space between them, so it doesn t have vascular. Epithelial tissue could be found in : 1. It forms the secretory portion of glands and their ducts. Ducks are coming out from glands. 2. Specialized epithelial cells function as receptors for the special senses. 3. Covering the exterior body surface and lining the internal closed cavities. Epithelial cells are polarized ( different domains with different function ) and resting on basement membrane. Can be derived from all embryonic germ layers: ( ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm ) Epithelium lining skin, mouth, nose and anus: ectoderm most external layer Epithelium lining respiratory system, digestive tract and glands of digestive tract: endoderm most internal layer Epithelium lining blood vessels: mesoderm Note: The Epithelium that lines blood vessels are called Endothelium which is derived from mesoderm. 2 P a g e
3 We all came from Zygot, then it will divide then it will differentiate into different kind of cells. Cells at day 16, will arrange in 3 layers are called Germ Layer. Every layer has its own derivations. Epithelium can be deviated from any layers depending on its final destination. Cell Polarity : Note : Apical surface always towards space either Lumen or External Enviroment. 3 P a g e
4 The epithial cell shows two domains 1) Apical 2) Baso-lateral Each domain shows modifications to suit its functions Function : Protection Transcellular transport Secretion Absorption (selective permeability) Involved in sensation Classifications & Naming of Epithelia : According to number of layers Simple : one layer of cells are resting over the Basal Lamina 4 P a g e
5 Stratified : more than one layer of cells multiple layers of cells According to shape of cells o Squamous : cells wider than tall (plate or scale like) o Cuboidal : cells are as wide as tall, as in cubes o Columnar : cells are taller than they are wide, like columns Note : not all the Basal Surfaces reaching the Basal Lamina only the most basal is reaching the Basal Lamina. Naming Epithelia Naming the epithelia includes both the layers (first) and the shape of the cells (second) I.e. stratified cuboidal epithelium The name may also include any accessory structures: o Keratin water resistance o Goblet cells secreted mucus o Cilia 5 P a g e
6 Special epithelial tissues (don t follow naming convention) o Pseudostratified o Transitional Squamous Simple Cuboidal Columnar Epithelium Pseudostratifie Squamous keratiniz nonkeratinize Cuboid Stratified Transitional Columnar 6 P a g e
7 Simple Epithelium Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium Note : This name for the right side 7 P a g e
8 Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar Epithelium with Goblet Cells. Respiratory Tissue Note : all cells are resting on Basal Lamina even though some cells are short and can t reach the Apical Tissue Stratified Epithelium Stratified Squamous Notice that its neither Keratinized nor nonkeratinized Stratified Cuboidal always 2 layers 8 P a g e
9 Stratified Columnar In this case we name Depending on which Cell is nearer to Apical Surface Transitional Epithelium This type of tissue is found in Urinary Bladder Simple Epithelia : Simple Squamous Locations: o Vascular system (endothelium) o Body cavities (mesothelium) o Bowman s capsule (kidney) Major function: o Exchange 9 P a g e
10 Endothelium is the simple squamous epithelium that lines the lumen of the cardiovascular system Mesothelium is the simple squamous epithelium that lines serous cavities (peritoneal abdomen, pleural lung, and pericardial cavities around heart ) and coats many of the organs in these cavities Stratified Epithelia Contain two or more layers of cells Regenerate from below Major role is protection Are named according to the shape of cells at apical layer Mitotic activity in stratified epithelium is limited to the basal layer (under normal conditions) If cells in Apical die, the cell in Basal must divide in order to regenerate them. 10 P a g e
11 Stratified Squamous Epithelium Specific types Keratinized : contain the protective protein keratin (keratin is water resistance protein and we need it in our skin ) Surface cells are dead and full of keratin Non-keratinized : forms moist lining of body openings Function Protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion Location Keratinized : forms epidermis Non-keratinized : forms lining of mouth, esophagus, and vagina Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Keratinized Stratified Squamous Note: the upper layer is sac full of keratin 11 P a g e
12 Goblet cells produce mucus Cilia (larger than microvilli) sweep mucus Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium with goblet cells } وإن ي ردك بخير فال راد لفضله { كل العوائق كل القيود كل المسافات كل القوى لن تصمد أمام خير كتبه هللا لك فثق و توكل P a g e
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