Tissues Description Function(s) Locations Miscellaneous. avascular -thelium = covering

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1 Epithelial Tissue Simple Squamous flattened cells diffusion and Kidney glomeruli disc-shaped central filtration air sacs of lung Simple = Single layer nuclei secretes lubricating lining of heart, blood of cells substances in serosa vessels, and lymphatic avascular -thelium = covering vessels mesothelium - parts of serous membrane tympanic membrane (inner surface) Simple Cuboidal cubelike cells Secretion Kidney tubules large, spherical absorption ducts (of small glands) central nuclei ovary surface Simple Columnar tall cells with round to Absorption Nonciliated type - digestive oval nuclei - near base secretion of mucus, tract (stomach to anal of cell enzymes, and other canal), gallbladder, and some cells bear cilia; substances excretory ducts (of some may contain mucus- ciliated type - propels glands) secreting unicellular mucus by ciliary ciliated type - small bronchi, glands (goblet cells) action fallopian tubes, and uterus Pseudostratified Columnar Single layer of cells of Secretion of mucus Nonciliated type - male s differing heights - propulsion of mucus sperm-carrying ducts, ducts some not reaching by ciliary action (of large glands) free surface ciliated type - trachea, most different of the upper respiratory levels tract may contain mucussecreting goblet cells and bear cilia Stratified Squamous stratified = many 1 P a g e multiple cell layers basal cells - cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active surface cells - flattened (squamous) Protects underlying tissues Nonkeratinized type - moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, anus, urethra, and vagina keratinized type - dry membrane (epidermis) epithelial tissue - sparse cytoplasm, simplest of the epithelia mesothelium - lies in areolar CT of serosa keratinized type - surface cells (full of keratin and dead) basal cells - active in mitosis

2 Stratified Cuboidal 2 layers of cubelike cells Protection Largest ducts (of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands) Stratified Columnar basal cells - cuboidal superficial cells - elongated and columnar Transitional basal cells - cuboidal or columnar surface cells - dome shaped or squamouslike, depending on degree of stretch Protection secretion Stretches and permits distension of urinary organ male urethra large ducts (of some glands) conjunctiva Ureters Bladder Urethra Resembles stratified squamous and cuboidal 2 P a g e

3 Connective Tissue Areolar Connective Tissue Gel-like matrix supportive role - Widely distributed under "packing (Loose areolar tissue - LAT) 3 fiber types Wraps and cushions epithelia of body (lamina material" of the cells - fibroblasts, organs propria of mucous body mast cells, and membranee) macrophages surrounds blood vessels, nerves, & body organs dermis hypodermis serosa Adipose Tissue Gel-like matrix - very reserve food fuel hypodermis Found along w/ sparse insulates against heat around kidneys and eyeballs areolar CT closely packed loss within abdomen adipocytes supports - cushioning in breasts nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet protects Reticular Connective Tissue Dense Regular Connective Tissue Network of reticular fibers - in a typical loose ground substance reticular cells lie on the network parallel collagen fibers, few elastic fibers fibroblast - found in between collagen fibers Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) - supports other cell types (white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages) Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; bones to bones - withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in 1 direction Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen) ligaments Tendons aponeuroses - sheet-like tendon (muscle to muscle or muscle to bone) deep fascia*(some book) Poor blood supply 3 P a g e

4 Dense Irregular Connective Tissue irregularly arranged collagen fibers, some provides structural strength - withstand Fibrous capsules (of organs and joints) elastic fibers tension exerted in pericardium, periosteum, & fibroblast many directions perichondrium dermis submucosa of digestive tract deep fascia*(some book) heart valves Hyaline Cartilage Amorphous but firm Supports and embryonic skeleton avascular Hyalinos = glassy matrix - stained pink reinforces the ends of long bones collagen fibers - or purple resilient cushioning costal cartilages form network collagen fibers - not properties cartilages - nose, trachea, visible w/ ordinary staining techniques resists compressive stress and larynx, bronchial tubes chondroblasts - produce the matrix chondrocytes lacunae Elastic Cartilage Amorphous but firm matrix Maintains the shape of a structure while external ear (pinna or auricle) more elastic fibers allowing great epiglottis flexibility eustachian tube Fibrocartilage Amorphous but firm matrix thick bundles of collagen fibers - clearly visible less firm than hyaline cartilage Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock Intervertebral discs pubic symphysis meniscus lack perichondrium combo - strength & ridigity strongest of all cartilages 4 P a g e

5 Bone Tissue Hard, calcified matrix supports and protects Bones Very well many collagen fibers provides levers for vascularized osteocytes - lie in muscles to act on trabeulae - thin lacunae stores calcium and columns in other minerals and fat spongy bones bone marrow - site of hematopoiesis osteon - compact bones Blood Tissue RBCs Transport of within blood vessels fluid matrix WBCs respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances (plasma) 5 P a g e

6 Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue Long, cylindrical, movement skeletal muscles - attached Voluntary striated fibers posture to bones or occasionally control multinucleated cells protection to skin striations - alternating light & dark bands Cardiac Muscle Tissue Branching & striated fibers propels blood into the circulation; walls of the heart. involuntary control uninucleated cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (intercalated discs). Smooth Muscle Tissue Spindle-shaped cells - thickened in middle & tapered at each end Propels substances or objects along internal passageways walls of hollow organs involuntary control cells arranged closely to form sheets central nuclei no striations (smooth appearance) Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue branching cells Transmit electrical Brain neurons cell processes - signals - from sensory spinal cord neuroglial cells dendrite(s) & axon receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands) nerves 6 P a g e