Have a partner measure your actual height in centimeters. Record this information in the table below.
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1 No Bones About It When a body is discovered, it is important to learn as much as possible from the remains. Forensic anthropologists use mathematical formulas to estimate someone s height from the lengths of certain bones in their body. But where do these formulas come from? Using a metric ruler, measure the length of your femur (thigh bone) in centimeters. This is the large bone that runs from your hip socket to your knee cap. Record this information in the table below. Have a partner measure your actual height in centimeters. Record this information in the table below. Collect the same information (femur length and height) from several of your classmates. Leave the calculated height row blank for now. Name Femur Length (cm) Height (cm) Calculated Height (cm) Table 1: Classroom Measurements Use the graph paper on the next page to graph the data you ve collected. Use Femur Length for the x-axis and Height for the y-axis Use your graph to answer the following question: What relationship is there between the length of someone s femur bone and their height? Page 1 of 8
2 Page 2 of 8
3 No Bones About It Anthropologists have performed hundreds of calculations like the one we just did. Their calculations showed that a person s height can be estimated using the lengths of the long bones of the body the femur, tibia, and fibula in the leg, and the ulna, radius, and humerus of the arm. However, the relationship between the length of these bones and a person s height is different for men and women, and for people from different races. The table below lists all the different equations forensic anthropologist use to estimate a person s height Table 2: Formulas for calculating height BONE RACE MALE EQUATION FEMALE EQUATION Caucasian 2.32 * length cm 2.47 * length cm Femur African-American 2.10 * length cm 2.28 * length cm Asian 2.15 * length cm Not Available Caucasian 2.42 * length cm 2.90 * length cm Tibia African-American 2.19 * length cm 2.45 * length cm Asian 2.39 * length cm Not Available Caucasian 2.60 * length cm 2.93 * length cm Fibula African-American 2.34 * length cm 2.49 * length cm Asian 2.40 * length cm Not Available Caucasian 2.89 * length cm 3.36 * length cm Humerus African-American 2.88 * length cm 3.08 * length cm Asian 2.68 * length cm Not Available Caucasian 3.76 * length cm 4.27 * length cm Ulna African-American 3.20 * length cm 3.31 * length cm Asian 3.48 * length cm Not Available Caucasian 3.79 * length cm 4.74 * length cm Radius African-American 3.32 * length cm 3.67 * length cm Asian 3.54 * length cm Not Available *These formulas are calculated for adult males and females. (from Bass, W.M. (1987) Human Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual (3rd ed.). Missouri Archeaological Society, Columbia.) Use the table to fill in the Calculated Height row on Table 1. Are the results close to the actual heights? What are some possible sources of error? Page 3 of 8
4 LONG BONES OF THE HUMAN SKELETON Humerus Ulna Radius Fibula Femur Tibula Page 4 of 8
5 No BONES ABOUT IT The following bones were recovered from the construction site. A fellow forensic anthropologist has already classified the bones by sex and race. Using the mathematical formulas from Table 2, calculate the approximate height of each individual. Table 3: Analysis of bones from construction site Bone# Type of Bone Length(cm) Race Sex 1 Humerus 38.2 Caucasian Male 2 Femur 44.0 African-American Female 3 Ulna 25.4 Caucasian Male 4 Femur 52.4 Caucasian Male 5 Femur 43.9 African-American Female 6 Tibia 43.7 Caucasian Male Calculated Height (cm) Is it possible any of these bones came from the same person? Which bones? What is the minimum number of bodies buried at this site? What is the maximum number of bodies? Do all bones from the same body give exactly the same height? If not, why would the heights be different? Page 5 of 8
6 No BONES ABOUT IT Another forensic anthropologist on the team estimates the remains have been buried three to four years. A search of the local missing person s database shows that the following people disappeared during that time: MISSING PERSONS DATABASE Missing Person #1 Name: Dana Grant Height: 5 0 Age: 27 Hair Color: Black Sex: F Eye Color: Brown Race: African-American Small rose tattoo on left ankle; appendectomy scar Name: Rosalyn Fairbanks Height: 5 7 Age: 36 Hair Color: Black Sex: F Eye Color: Green Race: Caucasian Wears glasses or corrective lenses Missing Person #2 Name: Devon Bailey Height: 5 8 Age: 45 Hair Color: Black Sex: M Eye Color: Brown Race: African-American None Missing Person #3 Page 6 of 8
7 No BONES ABOUT IT MISSING PERSONS DATABASE Missing Person #4 Name: Wayne Aughney Height: 6 2 Age: 36 Hair Color: Black Sex: M Eye Color: Brown Race: Caucasian Tattoo of a dragon on upper right arm Name: Crystal Wilson Height: 5 3 Age: 47 Hair Color: Black Sex: F Eye Color: Brown Race: African-American Large birthmark on upper back Missing Person #5 Missing Person #6 Name: Jessie Anderson Height: 5 4 Age: 46 Hair Color: Black Sex: M Eye Color: Brown Race: African-American Surgical scars on the back and legs due to injuries in an automobile accident Missing Person #7 Name: Herman Arbas Height: 5 8 Age: 29 Hair Color: Blond Sex: M Eye Color: Brown Race: Caucasian Scars on the forehead and right cheek from construction accident Page 7 of 8
8 No BONES ABOUT IT Using the database, can you determine the possible identities of the people buried at the site? Are the heights exactly what you expected them to be? Why or why not? What are some possible sources of error in your identification? What other forensic tests could you do to test your deductions? Page 8 of 8
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