Theories of Personality Jung: Analytical Psychology

Transcription

1 Theories of Personality Jung: Analytical Psychology Chapter 4 Feist, J., & Feist, R. J., & Roberts, T. A. (2013). Theories of personality (8th ed.). NY:McGraw-Hill.

2 Outline Overview of Analytical Psychology Biography of Jung Levels of the Psyche Dynamics of Personality Psychological Types Development of Personality Jung s Method of Investigation Related Research Critique of Jung Concept of Humanity

3 Overview Assumes Occult Phenomena Influence Lives Inherit Experiences from Ancestors in form of Collective Unconscious Archetypes are highly developed aspects of this Aim at Achieving Balance between Opposing Forces

4 Biography of Jung Born in Kesswil, Switzerland in 1875 Oldest surviving child of an idealistic Protestant minister Mother s family had a tradition of mysticism Jung decided to become a physician after dreaming of making scientific discoveries After receiving his medical degree in 1900, he became a psychiatric assistant to Bleuler Studied with Janet in Paris in

5 Biography (cont d) He read Freud s writings and eventually began corresponding with Freud in 1906 Freud saw Jung as his successor Jung became disenchanted with Freud s theories and broke with the International Psychoanalytic Association in 1913 Began his own approach to theory and therapy called analytical psychology Jung s theories became popular outside of psychology (e.g., religion, anthropology, and pop culture) Died in Zurich in 1961

6 A group photo taken in 1909 with Sigmund Freud on the left, Stanley Hall in the middle and Carl Jung on the right.

7 Levels of Psyche Conscious Psychic images sensed by the ego Personal Unconscious Repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences, complexes Collective Unconscious Ideas from the experiences inherited from our ancestors Archetypes Archaic images derived from the collective unconscious

8 Island Metaphore Kolektif Bilinçdışı Bilinç Kişisel bilinçdışı

9 Archetypes Archetypes include: Persona (our masks in the society) Shadow (The dark side of the self) Anima (feminine side of male psyche) Animus (masculine side of female psyche) The Self (unity and stabilization in personality) Great Mother Wise Old Man Hero

10 Dynamics of Personality Causality and Teleology Behavior is shaped by both Progression and Regression Progression Forward flow of psychic energy Necessary for adaptation to outside world Regression Backward flow of psychic energy Necessary for adaptation to inner world

11 Psychological Types Attitudes Predisposition to act in a characteristic direction Introversion The turning inward of psychic energy with an orientation toward the subjective Extraversion The turning outward of psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward the objective and away from the subjective

12 Psychological Types (cont d) Functions Thinking (Düşünce) Logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas Feeling (Duygu) Evaluating an idea or event Sensation (Duyum) Receives physical stimuli and transmits them to perceptual consciousness Intuition (Sezgi) Perception beyond the workings of consciousness

13

14 Development of Personality Stages of Development Childhood Anarchic Island of consciousness but not connected Monarchic Ego development, verbal ability, beginning of logical thinking Ego is perceived as an object Dualistic Island of consciousness becomes a continous land Ego as perceiver

15 Development of Personality Youth The period from puberty until middle life Major difficulty to overcome is conservative principle or the tendency to cling to childhood Middle Life Begins at approximately age 35 or 40 Period of anxiety and potential Old Age Diminution of consciousness Death is the goal of life

16 Development of Personality Self-Realization (Individuation) Requires assimilation of unconsciousness into total self Process of integrating opposites into a harmonious self Rarely achieved

17 Jung s Method of Investigation Word Association Test Dream Analysis Active Imagination Psychotherapy (Four Stages) Confession of a pathogenic secret Interpretation, explanation, and elucidation Education as social beings Transformation

18 Related Research Personality Type and Interest in Teaching Willing, Guest, & Morford (2001) Master-in-training students likely to be high in intuition and feeling Personality Type and Investing Money Filbeck, Hatfield, & Horvath (2005) MBTI a good predictor of risk tolerance among types Interest in and Attrition from Engineering Thomas et al. (2000) Extraversion predicted dropout from engineering courses

19 Critique of Jung Jung s Theory Is: Moderate on Generating Research and Organizing Observations Low on Practicality, Internal Consistency, and Parsimony Very Low on Falsifiability

20 Concept of Humanity He was not Deterministic nor Purposeful, Optimistic nor Pessimistic People are both Causal and Teleological People Motivated by both Conscious and Unconscious Thoughts Biology over Social Similarity over Individual Differences