Neurodegeneracinëmis ligomis serganèiø pacientø demografiniø ir klinikiniø rodikliø palyginimas

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1 Originalûs moksliniai darbai Neurodegeneracinëmis ligomis serganèiø pacientø demografiniø ir klinikiniø rodikliø palyginimas M. Þilionytë* J. Savickaitë* R. Balnytë** *Lietuvos sveikatos mokslø universiteto Medicinos akademija **Lietuvos sveikatos mokslø universiteto Medicinos akademijos Neurologijos klinika Santrauka. Ty ri mo tiks las. Pa ly gin ti ser gan èiø jø Alz hei me rio li ga (AL) ir Par kin so no li ga (PL) kli ni kinius ir demografinius rodiklius. Ty ri mo medþiaga ir metodika. Ið nag ri në ta 2015 m. sau sio mën m. rug së jo mën. LSMU KK Neurologijos klinikoje gydytø 210 pacientø ligos istorijos (110 ið jø sirgo AL, 100 PL). Duomenys iðanalizuoti naudojant MS Office Excel 2007, SPSS 19.0 statistiniø pro gra mø paketà. Re zul ta tai. Pa cien tø, ser gan èiø AL, am þiaus vi dur kis bu vo 80,90 ± 8,29 m., ser gan èiø jø PL 67,88 ± 11,05 m. Serganèiøjø PL grupëje daþniausiai gretutinë patologija buvo arterinë hi per ten zi ja (AH), skydliaukës ligos ir iðeminë encefalopatija bei neuropatijos. Iki 65 m. am - þiaus gru pë je PL sir go dau giau vy rø nei mo te rø (21 vy ras ir 18 mo te rø), vy res niø nei 65 m. pa cien tø gru pë je PL daþ niau sir go mo te rys (24 vy rai ir 37 mo te rys) (p = 0,138). Pir mie ji PL simp to mai: rankos tremoras 72 %, bradikinezija ir hipokinezija 52 % asmenø, sàstingio fe no me nas 33 %, kalbos monotonija 18 % asmenø. Sergantiems PL 68 % tiriamøjø ligos pra dþia bu vo lë ta, 31 % ûmi. Ser gan tie siems AL vi du ti nis MMSE ba lø skai èius mo te rø gru - pë je bu vo 23, vyrø grupëje 17. MMSE balø skaièius pagal amþiø: pirmojoje grupëje (nuo 50 iki 79 m.) 17,3 ± 6,4, ant ro jo je (nuo 80 iki 102 m.) 15,78 ± 6,62 (p = 0,04). 13 % kon tro - li nës gru pës ti ria mø jø gi më lie pos më ne sá, 10 % spa lio mën., 15 % ser gan èiø PL pa cien tø gi më va sa rio mën., 3 % ge gu þës (p = 0,001); 20 % ser gan èiø AL pa cien tø gi më ko vo mën., 7 % lie pos mën. (p = 0,001). Ið va dos. Tiek AL, tiek PL daþ niau ser ga mo te rys; PL ser ga jau nes nio am þiaus þmo nës, AL vy res nio amþiaus. Gretutinës ligos abiejose tiriamøjø grupëse: AH, skydliaukës ligos, ið emi në en ce fa lo pa ti ja. Pra di nis PL simp to mas pa si reið kia vie nos ran kos tre mo ru. Sà stin gio fe no me nas, ser gant PL, yra daþ niau siai pa si reið kian tis mo to ri nis simp to mas, o dep re si ja daþ niau sias nemotorinis sutrikimas. Serganèiøjø AL MMSE balø vidurkis didesnis jaunes - nio am þiaus grupëje, lyginant su vyresnio amþiaus serganèiaisiais, moterø MMSE balø vi - dur kis di desnis nei vyrø. Rak ta þo dþiai: Alzheimerio liga, Parkinsono liga, neurodegeneracinë liga, klinikiniai rodik - liai, de mo gra finiai ro dik liai. Neurologijos seminarai 2017; 21(71): ÁVADAS Alz hei me rio li ga (AL) lë ti nis, pro gre suo jan tis, neu ro lo - ginis susirgimas, kuris pasireiðkia atminties, màstymo, el - gesio sutrikimais, trumpalaikës atminties praradimu, vë - les në se li gos sta di jo se at si ran da kog ni ty vi niø ge bë ji mø pablogëjimas, pasireiðkia afazija, agnozija, sutrinka gebë - jimas atlikti tikslius judesius (apraksija) [1]. Kitas daþnas Adresas: Monika Þilionytë Kauno klinikos, Medicinos fakultetas El. paðtas monika.zilionyte@gmail.com neu ro lo gi nis su sir gi mas Par kin so no li ga (PL). PL tai lë - tinë progresuojanti liga, pasireiðkianti motoriniais simpto - mais: ra my bës tre mo ru, bra di ki ne zi ja, ri gi dið ku mu ir po - stu ra li niu ne sta bi lu mu. To prie þas tis yra do pa mi no trû ku - mas ekstrapiramidinëje sistemoje [2]. Jeigu degeneracija vyks ta ki to se cen tri nës ner vø sis te mos sri ty se, ku rios ne su - sijusios su dopamino apykaita, PL gali pasireikðti ávairiais ne mo to ri niais simp to mais (de men ci ja, dep re si ja, psi cho - ze, su tri kusiu mie gu, au to no mi ne dis funk ci ja) [3]. Tiek AL, tiek PL pri klau so neu ro de ge ne ra ci niø li gø gru pei. Abi ðios li gos pro gre suo ja lë tai, ta èiau su ke lia ne gráþ ta mø pa - kitimø centrinëje nervø sistemoje, o pasireiðkæ simptomai tu ri áta kos su sir gu siø as me nø gy ve ni mui [4]. Dar në ra ge - rai þi no mi abie jø ðiø neu ro lo gi niø li gø etio pa to ge ne zës 10

2 Neurodegeneracinëmis ligomis serganèiø pacientø demografiniø ir klinikiniø rodikliø palyginimas me cha niz mai, ta èiau vy rau ja nuo mo në, kad abu su sir gi - mus gali lemti genetiniai veiksniai [5]. Atlikta tyrimø, kuriuo se ban dy ta áro dy ti PL ry ðá su pa vel di mu mu, ta èiau pa - teik to se ið va do se bu vo tei gia ma, kad pa vel di mu mo áta ka su sirg ti PL yra bû din ga tik ke le tui pa vie niø at ve jø [6]. Pa - cien tai, ser gan tys ðio mis neu ro de ge ne ra ci në mis li go mis, gali turëti ir ávairiø kitø gretutiniø susirgimø. Manoma, kad, anks ti diag no za vus gre tu ti nius su sir gi mus ir juos ge - rai gy dant, bû tø ga li ma ið veng ti neu ro de ge ne ra ci niø pa ki - ti mø pro gre sa vi mo sme ge ny se ir AL bei PL [7]. Ser gan tiems Alz hei me rio ir Par kin so no li go mis vy - rams ir mo te rims bû din gos skir tin gos ðiø neu ro de ge ne ra - ciniø ligø klinikinës iðraiðkos, eiga, rizikos veiksniai, taip pat ir gre tu ti nës li gos, ku rio mis bu vo sir gæ ar ðiuo me tu ser - ga pa cien tai. Ma no ma, kad ly tis ir am þius yra svar bûs veiks niai, tu rin tys áta kos Alz hei me rio ir Par kin so no li gø ið si vys ty mui ir ðiø li gø prog no zei bei baig tims [8]. Ta èiau at lik ta dar ma þai ty ri mø, ku riuo se tai bû tø áro dy ta. De mo - grafiniai ir klinikiniai skirtumai, kurie pasireiðkia tarp skirtin gø ly èiø pa cien tø, ser gan èiø AL ir PL, ga li bû ti reikð - min gi, no rint nu sta ty ti ri zi kà sirg ti ðio mis neu ro de ge ne ra - ci në mis li go mis, ar ba jau diag no zuo ti ir tin ka mi gy dy ti pa - cien tus, ku rie jau su sir go, at si þvel giant á nuo ly ties ir am - þiaus pri klau san èius pa si reið ki mo ypa tu mus bei kli ni ki næ ei gà. To dël mû sø ty ri mo tiks las: pa ly gin ti ser gan èiø jø AL ir PL kli ni ki nius ir de mo gra finius veiks nius. METODIKA Ty ri mas bu vo at lik tas LSMU KK Neu ro lo gi jos kli ni ko je. Bu vo ið nag ri në ta 2015 m. sau sio mën m. rug së - jo mën. LSMU KK Neu ro lo gi jos kli ni ko je gy dy tø 210 pa - cientø ligos istorijos (110 ið jø sirgo Alzheimerio liga, 100 Par kin so no li ga). Ið pa cien tø li gos is to ri jø bu vo ið - rink ti ðie duo me nys: pa cien tø am þius, ly tis, gy ve na mo ji vie ta, dar bi në veik la, li gos simp to mai, truk më nuo jø at si - ra di mo iki li gos diag no za vi mo, gre tu ti nës ir per sirg tos li - gos. Ty ri me da ly va vo ir 108 ti ria mie ji, ku riems ne diag no - zuo ta neu ro de ge ne ra ci në li ga, jie su da rë kon tro li næ gru pæ. Palyginta, kaip skiriasi demografiniai ir klinikiniai rodikliai tarp pa cien tø, ser gan èiø PL ir AL, ir kon tro li nës gru pës ti ria mø jø. Duo me nys ið ana li zuo ti nau do jant MS Of fi ce Ex cel 2007, SPSS 19.0 sta tis ti niø pro gra mø pa ke tà. Vi dur - kiams pa ly gin ti nau do tas Stju den to t tes tas, ko ky bi niams po þy miams ver tin ti 2 kriterijus. Tyrimo rezultatuose pa - teik ti duo me nø vi dur kiai, jø stan dar ti niai nuo kry piai. Skir - tumas laikytas statistiðkai reikðmingu, kai p < 0,05. REZULTATAI Ty ri me da ly va vo 210 ti ria mø jø: 130 mo te rø (62 %) ir 80 vy rø (38 %). Alz hei me rio li ga (AL) sir go 110 ti ria mø jø (52 %) (75 mo te rys (68 %) ir 35 vy rai (31 %), Par kin so no li ga (PL) 100 ti ria mø jø (48 %) (55 mo te rys (55 %) ir 45 vy rai (45 %)). Kon tro li næ gru pæ su da rë 108 ti ria mie ji: 49 vy rai (45 %) ir 59 mo te rys (55 %). Pa cien tø, ser gan èiø AL, am þiaus vi dur kis bu vo 80,90 ± 8,29 m. (jau niau sias 53 m., vy riau sias 102 m.), PL 67,88 ± 11,05 m. (jau - niau sias 42 m., vy riau sias 89 m.), kon tro li nës gru pës 71,58 ± 10,52 m. (jau niau sias 42 m., vy riau sias 91 m.) (p = 0,001). 13 % kon tro li nës gru pës ti ria mø jø gi më lie pos më ne sá, 10 % spa lio mën., 15 % ser gan èiø PL pa cien tø gi më va sa rio mën., 3 % ge gu þës; 20 % ser gan èiø AL pa - cien tø gi më ko vo mën., 7 % lie pos mën. Ana li zuo jant ti - ria mø jø gy ve na mà jà vie tà, gau ta, kad: 84 ti ria mie ji (84 %), ser gan tys PL, gy ve na mies te, 16 kai me (16 %) (p = 0,04); 87 ti ria mie ji (79 %), ser gan tys AL, gy ve na mies te, 22 kai me (20 %) (p = 0,02). Áver ti nus dar bi næ veik là: 26 (24 %) kon tro li nës gru pës ti ria mie ji dir ba fi zi ná dar bà, 81 (75 %) pen si nio am þiaus; ser gan èiø AL ti ria mø jø gru - pë je 6 (5 %) dir ba fi zi ná dar bà, 1 (0,9 %) ne dir ba, 103 (94 %) pen si nio am þiaus (p = 0,782); PL gru pë je 42 (42 %) dir ba fi zi ná dar bà, 2 (2 %) ne dir ba, 56 (56 %) pen si nin kai (p = 0,623). Ana li zuo jant gre tu ti nes li gas, ku - riomis sirgo tiriamieji, nustatyta, kad arterine hipertenzija (AH) daþ niau ser ga ti ria mie ji, ser gan tys PL (70 %) nei ser - gan tys AL (39 %) (p = 0,035). Skyd liau kës li go mis, ið emi - ne en ce fa lo pa ti ja, CD, in sul tu, on ko lo gi në mis li go mis pa - na ðiai sir go ti ria mie ji, ser gan tys tiek PL, tiek AL (p > 0,05). Ver ti nant li gos pra dþià, kai pa si reið kë pir mie ji simp to mai, nu sta ty ta, kad ið vi sø ti ria mø jø, ser gan èiø PL, 31 (31 %) ti ria ma jam li gos pra dþia bu vo ûmi, 68 (68 %) lëta. AL grupëje 35 (32 %) tiriamiesiems liga prasidëjo ûmiai, 73 (66 %) lë tai (p = 0,06). Lai kas nuo pir mø simp - to mø at si ra di mo iki diag no zës nu sta ty mo PL gru pë je bu vo 2,09 ± 1,49 m., AL gru pë je 2,005 ± 1,41 m. (p = 0,001). Ti ria mie ji, ser gan tys AL, bu vo su skirs ty ti pa gal am þiø á dvi gru pes: pir mà jà (nuo 50 iki 79 m.) gru pæ su da rë 43 (39 %) pa cien tai (17 vy rø (40 %) ir 26 mo te rys (60 %)), ant rà jà (nuo 80 iki 102 m.) 67 (61 %) pa cien tai (18 vy rø (27 %) ir 49 mo te rys (73 %)). Áver ti nus ser gan èiø jø AL Bles se do de men ci jos ska lës duo me nis, nu sta ty ta, kad pir - mo jo je gru pë je vi du ti nis ska lës ba lø vi dur kis bu vo 12,18 ± 6,15; ant ro jo je gru pë je 13,75 ± 6,05 (p = 0,24). MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) ba lø vi dur kis pir - mo jo je gru pë je bu vo 17,3 ± 6,4, ant ro jo je 15,78 ± 6,62 (p = 0,24). Pir mo jo je gru pë je ser gan èiø jø AL diag no zuo ta pra ëjus 1,86 ± 1,23 m. nuo pir mø jø simp to mø at si ra di mo, ant ro jo je gru pë je 2,28 ± 1,4 m. (p = 0,09). Áver ti nus pir muo sius ti ria mø jø PL simp to mus, tre mo - ras pa si reið kë: vie nos ran kos tre mo ras 29 (29 %) mo te - rims ir 43 (43 %) vy rams (p = 0,128); vie nos ko jos tre mo - ras 8 (8 %) vy rams ir 9 (9 %) mo te rims (p = 0,529); gal - vos tre mo ras 1 (1 %) mo te riai; apa ti nio þan di kau lio tre - mo ras 1 (1 %) mo te riai. Ri gi dið ku mas nu sta ty tas 14 (14 %) vy rø ir 18 (18 %) mo te rø (p = 0,518), bra di ki ne - zi ja ir hi po ki ne zi ja 28 (28 %) vy rams ir 24 (24 %) mo te - rims (p = 0,049), mik ro gra fi ja nu sta ty ta 5 (5 %) vy rams ir 7 (7 %) mo te rims (p = 0,528); sà stin gio fe no me nas 14 (14 %) vy rø ir 19 (19 %) mo te rø (p = 0,442); kal bos mo - no to ni ja 14 (14 %) vy rø ir 4 (4 %) mo te rims (p = 0,002). PL ser gan tys vy rai ir mo te rys tu rë jo ðiuos ne mo to ri nius su - tri ki mus: de men ci ja sir go 6 (6 %) vy rai ir 6 (6 %) mo te rys 11

3 M. Þilionytë, J. Savickaitë, R. Balnytë (p = 0,472); dep re si ja 8 (8 %) vy rai ir 7 (7 %) mo te rys (p = 0,335); mie go su tri ki mø tu rë jo 8 (8 %) vy rai ir 2 (2 %) mo te rys (p = 0,021); ve ge ta ci næ dis funk ci jà 7 (7 %) vy rai ir 2 (2 %) mo te rys (p = 0,042). REZULTATØ APTARIMAS Sa vo ty ri me nu sta të me, kad tiek AL, tiek PL daþ niau ser ga mo te rys. AL lin kæ sirg ti vy res nio am þiaus þmo nës (am - þiaus vi dur kis 80,90 ± 8,29 m), o PL su ser ga ma jau nes - nia me am þiu je (am þiaus vi dur kis 67,88 ± 11,05 m.). PL daþniau serga þiemà gimæ þmonës (daþniausiai vasa - rio mën.), o AL pa va sa rá (daþ niau siai gi mæ ko vo mën.). Daþ niau sia gre tu ti në li ga tiek AL, tiek PL gru pë se bu vo AH. Taip pat di de lë da lis pa cien tø tu rë jo skyd liau kës su tri - ki mø. Vy res ni pa cien tai (dau giau kaip 80 m.) tu rë jo di des - ná Bles se do de men ci jos ska lës ba lø skai èiø, ta èiau jø MMSE ska lës ba lø su ma bu vo ma þes në, ly gi nant su jau - nes niais (iki 80 m.). Li gos ei ga bu vo grei tes në pa cien tams iki 80 m. (vi du ti nis lai kas nuo pir mø jø simp to mø at si ra di - mo iki diag no zës nu sta ty mo 1,86 m.). Áver ti nus PL simp - tomus, nustatyta: daþniausiai tiek vyrams, tiek moterims PL pir miau sia pa si reið kia vie nos ran kos tre mo ru, jis daþ - nes nis vy rams. Ri gi dið ku mas la biau bû din gas mo te rims nei vy rams, o bra di ki ne zi ja ir hi po ki ne zi ja daþ niau pa si - reið kia vy rams. Ið ki tø mo to ri niø simp to mø daþ niau siai pa - si reið kë sà stin gio fe no me nas (kiek daþ nes nis vy rams). Ne - mo to ri niai simp to mai bu vo daþ nes ni vy rø gru pë je, daþ - niausiai pasireiðkë depresija ir miego sutrikimai. PL sergamumo priklausomybë nuo amþiaus Manoma, kad PL pasireiðkimas daþnëja vyresniame am - þiu je: as me nø, per ko pu siø 80 m., po pu lia ci jo je PL ser ga - ma 4 kar tus daþ niau nei esant 60 m. am þiaus [9] m. atliktame tyrime K. Wirdefeldt su bendraautoriais nustatë, kad ser gan èiø jø PL skai èius di dë ja pri klau so mai nuo am - þiaus: 96,5 % ti ria mø jø bu vo gi mæ m., 31,1 % m. Ki ti ti ria mie ji pa si skirs të taip: 8,1 % m. ir 4,1 % ser gan èiø jø m. Ser gan èiø jø PL am þiaus vi dur kis 65,1 ± 7,6 m. Ðio ty ri mo duo me ni mis, su sirg ti PL di des næ ri zi kà tu ri vy rai, gi mæ ir au gæ kai me [10]. Ly gi nant su mû - sø atlikto tyrimo rezultatais, tiriamøjø, serganèiø PL, am - þius bu vo 67,88 ± 11,05 m. (jau niau sias 42 m., vy riau - sias 89 m.). Dau giau sia pa cien tø bu vo gi mæ m. (78,2 %). E. Pu pil lo su ben dra au to riais 2014 m. at lik ta me ty ri me, ku ria me da ly va vo pa cien tai, sergantys PL, nustatë, kad daþniausiai PL serga asmenys, su lau kæ m. [11]. Serganèiøjø PL gretutinës ligos 2014 m. at lik ta stu di ja, ku rio je ana li zuo ta, ko kio mis gre tu - tinëmis ligomis serga tiriamieji, kuriems diagnozuota PL. Nustatyta, kad didesnæ rizikà susirgti PL turi tie pacientai, ku rie ser ga cuk ri niu dia be tu, ðir dies li go mis ir ne ra miø ko - jø sin dro mu [11]. Mû sø at lik to ty ri mo me tu pa aið kë jo daþ - niau si su sir gi mai, pa si reið kæ ser gan èiø jø PL gru pë je, tai arterinë hipertenzija, skydliaukës ligos, iðeminë encefalo - pa ti ja, CD, on ko lo gi niai su sir gi mai, neu ro pa ti jos. PL ser ga mu mo pri klau so my bë nuo ly ties Ana li zuo jant ser ga mu mà PL tarp ly ties, bu vo pa ste bë ta, kad daþ niau ðia li ga ser ga vy rai nei mo te rys. G. Al ves su ben dra au to riais nu sta të, kad vy rai ser ga ðia li ga 1,5 kar to daþ niau nei mo te rys, ly gi nant tarp vi sø am þiaus gru piø [12]. Mû sø at lik ta me ty ri me ser ga mu mo daþ nis, ver ti nant pa gal am þiaus gru pes, tarp ly èiø kiek sky rë si: iki 65 m. am - þiaus gru pë je PL sir go dau giau vy rø nei mo te rø (21 vy ras ir 18 mo te rø), vy res niø nei 65 m. pa cien tø gru pë je PL daþ - niau sir go mo te rys (24 vy rai ir 37 mo te rys). Tai gi, mû sø ty - ri mo re zul ta tai ro do, kad mo te rys PL daþ niau ser ga vy res - niame amþiuje. Ðá teiginá taip pat patvirtina Ch. A. Haaxma su ben dra au to riais at lik tas ty ri mas, ku ria me bu vo nu sta ty - ta, kad ser gan èiø PL mo te rø am þius bu vo 2,1 m. vy res nis nei vy rø (mo te rø vi du ti nis am þius bu vo 53,4 m., vy rø 51,3 m.) [13]. Mû sø at lik ta me ty ri me vi du ti nis mo te rø am - þius bu vo 68,16 m., vy rø 67,53 m. To kie ser ga mu mo skir tu mai tarp ly èiø pa ska ti no moks li nin kus su for mu luo ti klausimà, ar estrogenai turi átakos PL atsiradimui ir vysty - mui si [14]. Ma no ma, kad veiks niai, le mian tys do pa mi ner - gi niø ir ne do pa mi ner gi niø neu ro nø de ge ne ra ci jà, yra dau - gia fak to riai, to kie kaip ok si da ci nis stre sas, uþ de gi mas, mi - to chon dri në dis funk ci ja, pro te o so mi në mal funk ci ja ir ki ti [15]. Ma no ma, kad est ro ge nai ga li tu rë ti áta kos do pa mi nei sintezei, metabolizmui bei transportui ir gali moduliuoti do pa mi næ re cep to riø funk ci jà. Bu vo ið kel ta hi po te zë, kad est ro ge nø an ti ok si da ci nis po vei kis ga li tu rë ti áta kos do pa - mi ner gi niø neu ro nø ið li ki mui ir at si sta ty mui anks ty vo je PL stadijoje [16]. Ðis teiginys paaiðkintø nustatytà rezulta - tà, kad mo te rys PL ser ga re èiau nei vy rai, taip pat ðia li ga daþniau suserga vyresniame amþiuje. Ankstyvieji motoriniai ir nemotoriniai PL simptomai A. Si de rowf, A. E. Lang at lik tø stu di jø duo me ni mis, as me - nims, ser gan tiems PL, bû din giau si li gos pra dþio je pa si - reið kian tys simp to mai yra ðie: tre mo ras net % pa - cien tø (daþ niau siai ga lû niø, re èiau gal vos, apa ti nio þan di - kau lio ir lie þu vio), ri gi dið ku mas % pa cien tø, bra - di ki ne zë ir hi po ki ne zë % ti ria mø jø, si met ri në mo - to ri niø simp to mø pra dþia % pa cien tø. Ðie simp to - mai bû na ryð kiau si 5 me tus iki li gos diag no zës nu sta ty mo [17]. Remiantis mûsø atlikto tyrimo duomenimis, pirmieji PL simp to mai bu vo to kie: ran kos tre mo ras, ri gi dið ku mas, bra di ki ne zi ja ir hi po ki ne zi ja, mik ro gra fi ja, sà stin gio fe no - me nas, kal bos mo no to ni ja. Re mian tis li te ra tû ros duo me ni - mis, ankstyvieji nemotoriniai PL simptomai daþniausiai bû na: uos lës su tri ki mas dau giau nei 80 % ser gan èiø jø anks ty va PL, pa ra dok si nis mie go ir el ge sio su tri ki mas 50 %, au to no mi niai simp to mai % as me nø, ser gan - èiø anks ty va PL. At lik tø stu di jø duo me ni mis, ne mo to ri - niai simptomai pasireiðkia anksèiau nei motoriniai pusei 12

4 Neurodegeneracinëmis ligomis serganèiø pacientø demografiniø ir klinikiniø rodikliø palyginimas vi sø su sir gu siø PL [18]. Mû sø at lik ta me ty ri me ser gan tie - siems PL pasireiðkë ðie nemotoriniai simptomai: demenci - ja, depresija, miego sutrikimai ir vegetacinë disfunkcija. Anks ty vos PL ei ga daþ niau siai bû na lë tai pro gre suo jan ti. Mûsø atliktame tyrime vertinant laikà, kuris praëjo nuo pir mø simp to mø, ku riuos pa ju to pa cien tas ar pa ste bë jo jo artimieji, iki ligos diagnozavimo nustatyta, kad ið visø as - me nø, ser gan èiø PL, 68 % li gos pra dþia bu vo lë ta ir tik 31 % ûmi. AL sergamumo priklausomybë nuo lyties ir amþiaus Ma y eux at lik ta me ty ri me nu sta të, kad þmo nës, ku riø bent vie nas ið ðei mos na riø iki 70 m. su sir go AL, tu rë jo di des næ ri zi kà su sirg ti ðia li ga [21]. J. Lind say su ben dra au to riais 2002 m. at lik ta me ty ri me nu sta të, kad vy res nis am þius, moteriðka lytis ir þemas iðsilavinimo lygis yra rizikos veiksniai susirgti AL. Jø atliktame tyrime didþiausià dalá ser gan èiø jø AL su da rë pa cien tai nuo 80 iki 89 m. am þiaus (n = 104), nuo 70 iki 79 m. am þiaus gru pë je AL sir go 23 pa - cien tai. At lik ta me ty ri me mo te rø sir go dvi gu bai dau giau nei vy rø (131 mo te ris ir 63 vy rai) [19]. N. K Se et la ni su ben dra au to riais 2016 m. at lik ta me ty ri me da ly va vo 422 ti - ria mie ji, ser gan tys AL (232 vy rai ir 190 mo te rø). Vi du ti nis ti ria mø jø am þius bu vo 72,58 m. Vi du ti në truk më nuo simp to mø at si ra di mo iki li gos diag no za vi mo bu vo 10,14 ± 2,85 mën. [20]. Mû sø at lik to ty ri mo duo me ni mis, AL ser gan èiø pa cien tø am þiaus vi dur kis bu vo 80,90 ± 8,29 m. (jau niau sias 53 m., vy riau sias 102 m.). Dau giau sia bu vo gi mæ m., t. y. 85,5 % ti ria mø - jø. Pa ly gi no me, kaip li gos pro gre sa vi mo lai kas nuo simp - to mø at si ra di mo iki diag no za vi mo pri klau so nuo am þiaus. Ti ria mie ji, ser gan tys AL, bu vo su skirs ty ti pa gal am þiø á dvi gru pes: pir mà jà (nuo 50 iki 79 m.) gru pæ su da rë 43 pa - cien tai, ant rà jà (nuo 80 iki 102 m.) 67 pa cien tai. Pir mo jo - je gru pë je li ga diag no zuo ta pra ëjus 1,86 ± 1,23 m. nuo pir - mø jø simp to mø at si ra di mo, ant ro jo je gru pë je 2,28 ± 1,4 m. Lai kas nuo pir mø jø simp to mø at si ra di mo iki diag no zës nu sta ty mo bu vo il ges nis vy res nio am þiaus ti ria - mø jø gru pë je. Mû sø ty ri me nuo 50 iki 79 m. gru pæ su da rë 43 pa cien tai: 17 vy rø ir 26 mo te rys, ir nuo 80 iki 102 m. 67 pa cien tai: 18 vy rø ir 49 mo te rys (dau giau pa cien tø ser ga vy res nio am þiaus gru pë je, abie jo se am þiaus gru pë se dvi - gu bai dau giau ser gan èiø mo te rø). Mû sø at lik ta me ty ri me AL sir go 35 vy rai ir 75 mo te rys (mo te rø ser ga dvi gu bai dau giau nei vy rø). Ðie duo me nys pa grin dþia li te ra tû ro je ap ra ðy tus tei gi nius, kad mo te rið ka ly tis ir vy res nis am þius yra ri zi kos fak to riai su sirg ti AL. Mo te rys, ne pri klau so mai nuo am þiaus, daþ niau ser ga ðia li ga nei vy rai. Serganèiøjø AL gretutinës ligos N. K. Seetlani su bendraautoriais atliktame tyrime paaiðkë - jo, kad daþ niau sios gre tu ti nës li gos ser gan tie siems AL bû - na ar te ri në hi per ten zi ja (81,3 % ti ria mø jø) ir cuk ri nis dia - be tas (73,7 %) [20]. J. Lind say at lik ta me ty ri me, ver ti nant gre tu ti nes li gas, ku rio mis sir go pa cien tai, tu rin tys AL, bu - vo nu sta ty tos ðios daþ niau sios gre tu ti nës bûk lës: hi per ten - zi ja (n = 59), ðir dies li gos (n = 42), ar tri tas (n = 90), skyd - liau kës pa to lo gi ja (n = 32), dep re si ja (n = 19), in sul tas (n = 18), cuk ri nis dia be tas (n = 15), vë þi niai su sir gi mai (n = 17) [19]. Mû sø at lik ta me ty ri me daþ niau sios gre tu ti - nës li gos bu vo ar te ri në hi per ten zi ja, skyd liau kës li gos, ið - emi në en ce fa lo pa ti ja, in sul tas. Tiek jau nes nio, tiek vy res - nio am þiaus gru pë se daþ niau sia gre tu ti në li ga bu vo ar te ri - në hipertenzija. Jaunesnio amþiaus grupëje reèiausia gre - tu ti ne li ga bu vo cuk ri nis dia be tas, o vy res nio am þiaus gru - pë je IÐL. MMSE balø palyginimas tarp vyrø ir moterø, serganèiø AL Sh. Us man 2010 m. at lik ta me ty ri me da ly va vo 76 pa cien - tai, ser gan tys AL (34 vy rai ir 42 mo te rys). Vi du ti nis ti ria - mø jø am þius bu vo 67,74 m. Ty ri me au to riai áver ti no, kaip ski ria si MMSE duo me nys tarp ly èiø: mo te rø gru pë je MMSE nuo 10 iki 19 ba lø tu rë jo 21 pa cien të, MMSE nuo 20 iki pa cien èiø, MMSE ma þiau kaip 9 ba lus 7 pa - cien tës; vy rø gru pë je MMSE nuo 10 iki 19 ba lø tu rë jo 21 ser gan ty sis, MMSE nuo 20 iki ser gan èiø jø, MMSE ma þiau kaip 9 ba lus 3 ti ria mie ji. Tiek vy rø, tiek mo te rø gru pë je daþ niau sia MMSE ba lø ver të bu vo nuo 10 iki 19 [22]. Mû sø at lik ta me ty ri me vi du ti nis MMSE ba - lø skai èius mo te rø gru pë je bu vo 23, vy rø gru pë je 17. Taip pat pa ly gi no me, kaip ski ria si MMSE ba lø skai èius pa gal am þiø. Ti ria mie ji bu vo su skirs ty ti pa gal am þiø á dvi gru - pes: pir mà jà (nuo 50 iki 79 m.) gru pæ su da rë 43 pa cien tai (17 vy rø ir 26 mo te rys), ant rà jà (nuo 80 iki 102 m.) 67 pa - cien tai (18 vy rø ir 49 mo te rys). MMSE ba lø vi dur kis pir - mo jo je gru pë je bu vo 17,3 ± 6,4, ant ro jo je 15,78 ± 6,62. IÐVADOS 1) Tiek AL, tiek PL daþ niau ser ga mo te rys. 2) PL serga jaunesnio amþiaus þmonës, o sergamumas AL yra di des nis vy res nia me am þiu je. 3) Daþ niau sios gre tu ti nës li gos abie jo se ti ria mø jø gru pë - se yra AH, skyd liau kës li gos, ið emi në en ce fa lo pa ti ja. Pacientai, segantys AL, daþniau anamnezëje turi per - sirgtà insultà, lyginant su pacientais, serganèiais PL. 4) Daþ niau siai, kaip pra di nis PL simp to mas, pa si reið kia vie nos ran kos tre mo ras. Sà stin gio fe no me nas, ser gant PL, yra daþniausiai pasireiðkiantis motorinis simpto - mas, o dep re si ja daþ niau sias ne mo to ri nis su tri ki mas. 5) Ser gan èiø jø AL MMSE ba lai di des ni jau nes nio am - þiaus gru pë je, ly gi nant su vy res nio am þiaus ser gan èiai - siais, mo te rø MMSE ba lø vi dur kis di des nis nei vy rø. Literatûra 1. Iqbal K, Wang X, Blanchard J, et al. Alz hei mer s dis ease neurofibrillary de gen er a tion: piv otal and multifactorial. Biochem So ci ety Trans ac tion 2010; 38: Schapira AHV. Prog ress in neuroprotection in Par kin son s dis ease. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:

5 M. Þilionytë, J. Savickaitë, R. Balnytë 3. Pavona JM, Whitsona HE, et al. Par kin son s dis ease in women: A call for im proved clin i cal stud ies and for com par a - tive ef fec tive ness re search. Maturitas 2010; 65(4): Tokuchi R, Hishikawa N, Sato K, Hatanaka N, Fukui Y, Takemoto M, et al. Dif fer ences be tween the be hav ioral and psy cho log i cal symp toms of Alz hei mer s dis ease and Parkin - son s dis ease. J Neurol Sci 2016; 369: Nalls MA, Pankratz N, Lill CM, et al. Large-scale meta-anal - y sis of ge nome-wide as so ci a tion data iden ti fies six new risk loci for Par kin son s dis ease. Nat Genet 2014; 46(9): Wirdefeldt K, Adami HO, Cole P, et al. Ep i de mi ol ogy and eti ol ogy of Par kin son s dis ease: a re view of the ev i dence. Eur J Epidemiol 2011; 26: S Gar cia-ptacek S, Kramberger MG. Par kin son dis ease and de - men tia. J Geriatr Psy chi a try Neu rol ogy 2016; 29(5): Biasibetti R, Almeida dos Santos JP, Rodrigues L. Hippocampal changes in STZ-model of Alz hei mer s dis ease are de pend ent on sex. Be hav ioural Brain Re search 2016; 316: Breteler MM. Ep i de mi ol ogy of Par kin son s dis ease. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5(6): Bojing L, Honglei C, Fang F, et al. Early-life fac tors and risk of Par kin son s dis ease: A reg is ter-based co hort study. Plos One 2016; 11(4): Pupillo E, Cricelli C, Mazzoleni F. Ep i de mi ol ogy of Par kin - son s dis ease: A pop u la tion-based study in pri mary care in It - aly. Neuroepidemiology 2014; (43): Alves G, Mul ler B, Herlofson K, et al. In ci dence of Par kin - son s dis ease in Nor way: the Nor we gian ParkWest study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psy chi a try 2009; 80: Haaxma C, Bloem BR, Borm GF, et al. Gen der dif fer ences in Par kin son s dis ease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psy chiatry 2007; 78: Smith KM, Dahodwala N. Sex dif fer ences in Par kin son s dis ease and other move ment dis or ders. Ex per i mental Neu - rol ogy 2014; 259: Hunot S, Hirsch EC. Neuroinflammatory pro cesses in Par - kin son s dis ease. Ann Neurol 2003; 53: Mo rale M, Serra PA, L Episcopo F, et al. Es tro gen, neuroin - flammation and neuroprotection in Par kin son s dis ease: glia dic tates re sis tance ver sus vul ner a bil ity to neurodegenera - tion. Neu ro sci ence 2006; 138: Premotor Parkinson s dis ease: con cepts and def i ni tions. Move ment Dis or ders 2012; 27(5): Gallagher DA, Lees AJ, Schrag A. What are the most im por - tant nonmotor symp toms in pa tients with Par kin son s dis ease and are we miss ing them? MovDisord 2010; 25(15): Lindsay J, Laurin D, Verreault R, et al. Risk fac tors for Alz - hei mer s dis ease: A pro spec tive anal y sis from the Ca na dian study of health and ag ing. Amer i can Jour nal of Ep i de mi ol - ogy 2002; 156(5): Seetlani NR, Kumar N, Imran K, et al. Alz hei mer and vas cu - lar de men tia in the el derly pa tients. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32(5): Mayeux R, Ottman R, Tang MX, et al. Ge netic sus cep ti bil ity and head in jury as risk fac tors for Alz hei mer s dis ease among community-dwelling elderly persons and their first-degree rel a tives. Ann Neurol 1993; 33: Usman S, Chaudhary HR, Asif A, et al. Se ver ity and risk fac - tors of de pres sion in Alz hei mer s dis ease. Jour nal of the Col - lege of Phy si cians and Sur geons Pa ki stan 2010; 20(5): M. Þilionytë, J. Savickaitë, R. Balnytë COMPARISON OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL INDICATORS IN PATIENTS WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES Summary Aim of the re search. To com pare clin i cal and de mo graphic fac - tors determining Alzheimer s disease (AD) and Parkinson s disease (PD). Materials and methods. The re search was done in volv ing case his to ries of 210 pa tients treated in LSMU KK Neu rol ogy Clin ics from Jan u ary 2015 to Sep tem ber 2016 (110 of them had AD and 100 of them had PD). Data were an a lyzed us ing MS Office Ex cel 2007, SPSS 19.0 sta tis ti cal soft ware pack age. Re sults. The av er age age of pa tients with AD was 80.90±8.29 years and the av er age age of pa tients with PD was 67.88±11.0 years. The most com mon comorbidities among pa - tients with PD were ar te rial hy per ten sion, thy roid dis ease, ischemic encephalopathy, and neu rop a thy. More men than women had PD in the age group un der 65 years (21 men and 18 women); in the group of pa tients over 65 years, the ma jor ity were women with PD (24 men and 37 women) (p=0.138). Ini tial symp toms of PD: hand tremor in 72% of pa tients, bradykinesia and hypokinesia 52%, on-off phe nom e non 33%, and lan - guage mo not ony in 18% of pa tients. 68% of pa tients with PD showed slow on set of dis ease and 31% showed rapid on set. As re - gards pa tients with AD, an av er age MMSE score in the group of women was 23, while in the group of men it was equal to 17. MMSE score by age: first group (from 50 to 79 years) 17.3±6.4, sec ond group (from 80 to 102 years) 15.78±6.62 (p=0.04). 13% of sub jects of the con trol group were born in July, 10% in Oc to - ber; 15% of pa tients with PD were born in Feb ru ary and 3% in May (p=0.001); 20% of pa tients with AD were born in March and 7% were born in July (p=0.001). Conclusions. AD and PD are more com mon in women than in men; PD was ob served among peo ple in the older age group; comorbidities among sub jects of both groups AH, thy roid dis - ease, and ischemic encephalopathy. Hand tremor is the ini tial symp tom of PD. The on-off phe nom e non in pa tients with PD is the most com mon motoric symp tom, while de pres sion is the most com mon non-motoric dis or der. MMSE scores in pa tients with AD are higher in the youn ger age group com pared with the older age group; women s av er age MMSE score is higher that men s. Keywords: Alz hei mer s dis ease, Par kin son s dis ease, neurodegenerative dis ease, de mo graphic fac tors. Gauta: Priimta spaudai:

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