Nutritional Considerations of Endocrinology Part 2 Men s Health. Presented by: Dr. Ron Grabowski May 20 th 2010
|
|
- Patience Leonard
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nutritional Considerations of Endocrinology Part 2 Men s Health Presented by: Dr. Ron Grabowski May 20 th 2010 May 21, 2010
2 Nutritional Considerations of Endocrinology Part 2 Men s Health Presented by: Dr. Ron Grabowski May 20 th 2010 May 21, 2010
3 Thyroid Function and Mineral Status Zinc Selenium Iron Iodine May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 3
4 Zinc and the Thyroid Gland Protein synthesis Involved in T3 binding to its nuclear receptor (Miyamoto et al. 1991). In a zinc depletion-repletion study conducted in humans, Wada and King (1986) observed that circulating TSH, total T4 and free T4 tended to decrease during the depletion phase, returning to control levels after zinc repletion. Zinc deficiency can indirectly affect thyroid hormone status by decreasing energy intakes. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 4
5 Zinc Status Serum retinol has been positively associated with serum zinc. In some studies, children with serum retinol <1.05 umol/l had an almost two-fold greater risk of being zinc deficient compared to those with serum retinol levels indicative of adequate vitamin A status. Serum albumin concentrations have also correlated positively with serum zinc concentrations. Approximately 70% of zinc is transported in the serum bound to albumin. Males have shown to have an almost two-fold greater risk of being zinc deficient than females, possibly a reflection of the higher zinc requirements of males than females because of their higher lean body mass and growth rate (Hotz and Brown 2004). May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 5
6 Zinc Absorption and Excretion Studies have shown that phytate interferes with zinc absorption both from vegetable and animal protein sources. In addition to phytate, vegetables contain other organic compounds, e.g., phaeophytin, a degradation product of chlorophyll, which may bind metals and make them unavailable. Calcium may increase the inhibitory effect of phytate on zinc absorption. The normal zinc content of sweat is approximately 115 ug/100ml. A normal individual might lose 5 or more mg of zinc/day in sweat. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 6
7 Zinc and Hyperthyroidism High serum Zn values have been reported in hyperthyroidism and serum Zn concentrations have been noted to correlate well with T3 and T4 levels. The present study confirms that the red blood cell Zn concentration is decreased in thyrotoxic patients and increased in hypothyroid patients. Thyroxine administration to rats significantly enhanced the rate of Zn-turnover and altered its distribution in various organs leading to an almost 50% depletion in soft tissue Zn. A higher than normal urinary Zn excretion in hyperthyroidism has been reported by Bremner and Fell and Nishi et al; this may result from an increased extracellular fluid Zn loss. Excess thyroid hormone may result in the mobilization of Zn from tissues such as erythrocytes, bone, and muscle by increased catabolism. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 7
8 Prealbumin (PA) and Retinol Binding Protein (RBP) It is well known that Zn, RBP, and T4 to some extent, exist in blood complexed to PA which is a carrier for both thyroid hormone and Zn in the plasma. Zn is considered to play a regulatory role in the release of RBP from the liver. Morley et al noted that serum Zn levels correlated positively with T3 but not with T4 and that RBP and PA levels correlated positively with T3 in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 8
9 Iodine in Thyroid Disease Iodine is an essential nutrient for man. Its main function is concerned with the formation of the thyroid hormones. After absorption from the intestine, iodine is transported in the blood as the iodide. Thyroid cell for iodide causes it to be trapped there, oxidized to elemental iodine, and then incorporated into an amino acid, tyrosine, which in a series of coupling reactions becomes the active hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine; T4). The optimal adult requirement for iodine is approximately ug/day. In the United States, iodized salt contains 0.01% potassium iodide. Thus the requirement could easily be satisfied on an intake of 3-4 g salt daily. Conditions such as pregnancy, lactation, infection, puberty, and acromegaly increase requirements considerably above those of the normal adult. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 9
10 Iodine Status There has been a high prevalence of both suboptimal iodine and zinc status among the children concomitant with the relatively high levels of anemia and marginal vitamin A deficiency (Thurlow et al. 2005). Mild to moderate iodine deficiency can have detrimental effects in children, causing impairments in both neuropsychological and physical development (van den Briel et al. 2000; WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD, 2001). May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 10
11 Iodine, Selenium and Zinc Current evidence indicates that the simultaneous occurrence of nutritional deficiencies of more than one of these micronutrients could be more common than previously considered. (Diplock 1992, Vanderpas et at. 1993). Combined deficiency of selenium and iodine has been suggested as a potential determining factor in the development of the myxedematous or nervous form of endemic cretinism. (Goyens et al. 1987, Vanderpas et al. 1990). Two-and three-way nutrient interaction may have distinct manifestations in thyroid function. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 11
12 Selenium and the Thyroid Gland Participates in the extrathyroidal deiodination of T4 to the active form T3 (Arthur et at. 1993). Component of deiodinase type I, which transforms T4 into T3 in liver, kidney, muscle and thyroid. Evidence suggests that deiodinases type II and Type III may also be selenium dependent (Arthur 1997). Deiodinase type II plays an important role in providing intracellular T3 to the brain and pituitary. Selenium also plays a role in oxidative stress control at the thyroid as a component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 12
13 Histologic Evaluations Thyroid glands of selenium-deficient animals showed an active fibrotic process in which the inflammatory reaction and excess of transforming growth factor- play a key role. Contempre et al. (1996) The most severe morphologic alteration of the thyroid cell were caused by Zn deficiency alone or in combination with the lack of Se. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 13
14 Thyrotoxicosis and Vitamins Increases the need for almost all the vitamins especially pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, and thiamin. A deficiency of pyridoxine in a normal animal depresses the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland. If pyridoxine deficiency exists, gastric secretion decreases with a subsequent decline in vitamin B12 absorption. Mohamed and Roberts have reported that seven of ten thyrotoxic patients showed an abnormality in the breakdown of histidine to glutamic acid. This reaction has been shown to be folate dependent and suggests that a relative deficiency of folic acid exists in the thyrotoxic patient. Excessive thyroid secretion has been demonstrated to increase the need for vitamin A, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, vitamin D, choline, and perhaps vitamin E. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 14
15 Thyrotoxicosis and Minerals Serum and urinary calcium levels are mildly elevated. Urinary losses of phosphorus are even greater than calcium. Total body magnesium is low in spite of normal or high serum levels. Losses of potassium in the urine depend on the extent of protein catabolism. Mineral absorption from the gut can compensate for excretory losses if adequate amounts are in the diet. Hypercalcemia stimulates thyroid parafollicular cells to secrete calcitonin resulting in a lowering of the calcium concentration. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 15
16 Copper and the Thyroid Gland Most plasma Cu (approximately 93%) is bound to ceruloplasmin and a small fraction to albumin (6 to 7%) or is chelated to amino acids (<1%), which is diffusible. Thyroid hormones enhance the synthesis of lysozymal enzymes in muscle and are necessary for the catabolic response and increase the concentration of free amino acids in plasma. A general increase in plasma amino acid concentrations in hyperthyroid rats has been reported, and an increased plasma ceruloplasmin level in patients with hyperthyroidism. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 16
17 Environmental Factors Inadequate intakes of iodine, selenium, and zinc can also be exacerbated by environmental factors, because their concentrations in plant-based foods are dependent on soil trace element levels. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 17
18 Hypothyroidism and Anemia In humans, a mild anemia is found in the majority of patients with thyroid deficiency. The anemia may be hypochromic, megaloblastic, normochromic, or normocytic. Hypothyroidism reduces iron and vitamin B12 absorption and at least some of the associated anemias can be corrected by the appropriate nutrient. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 18
19 Iron and Iodine Iodine deficiency is also exacerbated by coexisting iron deficiency (Zimmermann et al. 2000). Subjects with iron deficiency anemia; Levels of plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are lower. Conversion of T4-T3 is slowed. Concentrations of TSH are elevated (Beard et al. 1998). May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 19
20 Iron and Thyroid The 2 initial steps of thyroid hormone synthesis are catalyzed by thyroperoxidases and are dependent on iron. Iodine incorporation into tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin and covalent bridging of the residues are catalyzed by heme-containing thyroperoxidases. Theoretically, severe iron deficiency could lower thyroperoxidase activity and interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis. Animal and human studies suggest that iron deficiency impairs thyroid metabolism. Iron deficiency anemia decreases plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations, reduces peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, and may increase concentrations of thyrotropin. Compared with healthy control subjects, iron-deficient adults have lower circulating T4 and T3 concentrations and higher thyrotropin concentrations. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 20
21 Hypothyroidism and Vitamin A Thyroid hormones facilitate the conversion of the carotenes of vitamin A. When thyroid insufficiency exists, hypercarotenemia may develop imparting the yellow discoloration to the skin of myxedematous patients. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 21
22 Vitamin A and Iodine Coexisting suboptimal vitamin A status (<1.05 umol/1) can also exacerbate iodine deficiency. Mechanism (proposed) Involves inhibition of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary and thyroid hormone transport, mediated in part through retinol-binding protein and transthyretin. May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 22
23 Nutritional Relationships with Male Infertility May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 23
24 Zinc and Infertility Clinical studies with adult males experimentally deprived of zinc show that Leydig cell synthesis of testosterone is dependent on adequate dietary zinc. There is some evidence that zinc is required for normal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. There is considerable evidence that zinc deficiency causes primary testicular failure and altered testicular steroidogenesis. J Trace Elem Exp Med 1990 AJCN 1991:53: Nutr Res May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 24
25 Sperm Motility and Zinc Several studies have shown that oral zinc supplementation improves sperm motility in subfertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia and/or oligozoospermia. (Andrologia 1988) May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 25
26 Zinc and Its Role In Immunology Research indicates that the zinc and albumin secreted from the prostate form a complex that coats the sperm and thereby protects the cells. Prostatic zinc may have antibacterial activity because Trichomonas vaginalis is readily killed at concentrations of zinc that occur in the prostatic fluid of healthy men. Genitourin Med 1987:63 May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 26
27 Sperm Volume There are also several factors known to decrease semen volume. Compared with nonsmoking control subjects, persons who smoked > 16 cigarettes/d exhibited decreased seminal volumes. Nagy et al reported that, compared with nonalcoholic's of known fecundity, alcoholics exhibited decreased seminal volumes. Pathologies: Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) Hyperprolactinemia Primary hypothyroidism Leukospermia Andrologia 1987, Alcohol Alcohol 1986, Diabetes Care 1989 and Andrologia 1985 May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 27
28 Calcium and Sperm Motility Calcium is thought to regulate the mitiation and maintenance of motility and calcium chelators stimulate sperm motility in ejaculated human semen. Motility and viability were also enhanced in semen samples containing less than the average concentration of ionized calcium compared with samples with higher Ca concentrations. Tash and Means found sperm motility to be inhibited by elevated intracellular calcium. Lancet 1984, Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 1983, Biol Reprod 1982, Fertil Steril 1990 May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 28
29 DHA and Sperm Motility DHA is 22 carbons long and has 6 double bonds with the n 3 configuration. It is the most prominent fatty acid in the brain, retina, and spermatozoa and is necessary for vision, cognition, and sperm motility. AJCN-4/2007 May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 29
30 CoQ10 and Infertility Coenzyme Q10 [(CoQ10) also commonly called ubiquinone] is present in well-measurable levels in human seminal fluid, where it probably exerts important metabolic and antioxidant functions; seminal CoQ10 concentrations show a direct correlation with seminal parameters (count and motility). Alterations of CoQ10 content were also shown in conditions associated with male infertility, such as asthenozoospermia and varicocele (VAR). J Endocrinol Invest 2009 J Urol May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 30
31 Carnitine and Infertility L-carnitine and acetyl-l-carnitine has a supplementary effect in the treatment of idiopathic asthenospermia and improves the semen quality of the patient. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue Feb Oxid Med Cell Longev Apr Asia Pac J Clin Nutr May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 31
32 Selenium and lnfertility 468 infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia who were randomized to receive 200 mcg selenium orally daily (selenium group of 116), 600 mg N-acetyl-cysteine orally daily CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that supplemental selenium and N-acetyl-cysteine improve semen quality. J Urol. 2/2009 May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 32
33 Antioxidants and Infertility The treatment of an inflammatory process by the synergic action of immune modulators and anti-oxidants could protect sperm during maturation and migration, leading to improved sperm function. Asian J Androl Mar May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 33
34 Nutrients Associated with Diabetes Mellitus May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 34
35 Diabetic Nephropathy ~ 80,000 individuals are diagnosed with renal failure per year in the US. Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of kidney failure. Approximately 40%-50% of new cases per year. Approximately 21% of all patients with diabetes develop kidney disease. Approximately 100,000 people have kidney failure as a result of diabetes. Approximately 40% with Type 1 DM develop nephropathy and renal failure by the age of 50. Some develop prior to 30 years of age. NIDDM at least 5-20% have renal disease 20 years after diagnosis. 5/21/2010 May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 35
36 THIAMIN May prevent and decrease neuropathy. May decrease acute DM nephropathy. Diabetologia 2009 Diabetes Required for the synthesis of acetylcholine. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (B1 dependent enzyme). Synergistic with magnesium. Requirement increases with CHO intake. 5/21/2010 May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 36
37 ZINC Alters fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Diabetics tend to hyperexcrete zinc. Important in wound healing. May protect beta-cells. 5/21/2010 May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 37
38 COENZYME Q10 Lipid-soluble molecule derived mainly from endogenous synthesis. Can lower BP ( mg/d) Higher serum CoQ levels have been associated with lower HbA1c. Has not been found to improve FBG or insulin concentrations. Found to be low in diabetics May prevent nephropathy May prevent & decrease neuropathy Antioxidant May reduce oxidative stress by inhibiting the generation of superoxide by mitochondria. (controversial) May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 38
39 Statins and CoQ10 CoQ10-lowering effect of statins and its compensation by administration of CoQ10 was described approximately 15 y ago and since then has been confirmed in numerous studies of animals and humans. AJCN (1/2000) Long-term statin treatment may be associated with chronic peripheral neuropathy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol Jan;54(11):835-8 Adverse reactions myalgia; myopathies; rhabdomyolysis; gastrointestinal symptoms, including hepatic injury; and the initiation or accelerated progression of cataracts and neoplasia could be a direct or indirect consequence of the CoQ10-deficiency state associated with statin treatment. AJCN (1/2000) 5/21/2010 May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 39
40 Case Study #1 71 year-old male Dx. Hypothyroidism, HTN & Hyperlipidemia SpectraCell results (11/2007) Vitamin B12 Pantothenate Vitamin D Zinc Glutathione Spectrox - 52% May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 40
41 Case Study #2 34 year-old female Dx: Crohn s disease, Hypothyroidism and Fatigue SpectraCell results (10/2008) Asparagine Vitamin D Selenium Vitamin E Glucose/Insulin Interaction Spectrox: 38.0% May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 41
42 Please join us next month, Thursday June 17 th, for our webinar on, Nutritional Considerations of Sports Medicine. To register log on to May 21, 2010 Presentation Title 42
Nutritional Considerations of Endocrinology Part 1: Women s Health. Presented by Dr. Ron Grabowski, R.D., D.C.
Nutritional Considerations of Endocrinology Part 1: Women s Health Presented by Dr. Ron Grabowski, R.D., D.C. April 19, 2010 Thyroid Gland and Nutritional Considerations April 19, 2010 Subclinical Hypothyroidism
More informationNutrition Considerations with Hormone Balance. Dr. Ron Grabowski May, 2011
Nutrition Considerations with Hormone Balance Dr. Ron Grabowski May, 2011 5/20/2011 Ron Grabowski, R.D., D.C. Dr. Ron Grabowski is a practicing Doctor of Chiropractic in Houston, Texas. He has presented
More informationEstrogen. Cysteine Prevents oxidation of estrogen into a dangerous form that causes breast cancer. 29,30,31
Cysteine Prevents oxidation of estrogen into a dangerous form that causes breast cancer. 29,30,31 Estrogen lowers risk of zinc de ciency; dependent proteins metabolize estrogen. 26,27,28 Magnesium Cofactor
More informationBODY CHEMISTRY TEST *
BODY CHEMISTRY TEST * Client: John Doe Born: May 4th, 1993 ID: #1568416416416 * Performed by Spectracell Laboratories www.getvitaminlab.com 1-888-948-43 Ver. 1.0, Date created: Apr 4, 17 BODY CHEMISTRY
More informationD.K.M COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS) VELLORE-1 DEPARTMENT OF FOODS AND NUTRITION ESSENTIAL OF MICRO NUTRIENTS
D.K.M COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS) VELLORE-1 DEPARTMENT OF FOODS AND NUTRITION ESSENTIAL OF MICRO NUTRIENTS Class: II M.Sc Subject Code: 15CPFN3A Unit - I (6 Marks Questions) 1. Write a note on performed
More informationLABORATORY REPORT. Summary of Deficient Test Results. Vitamin B1 Vitamin B12 Serine Glutamine Zinc Magnesium Glutathione Vitamin C
LABORATORY REPORT Account Number: 269435 Name: Cheryl Winter Gender: Female DOB: 6/1/19 Tamyra Comeaux, MD 67 Woodlands Parkway Accession Number: Q291 Suite 3 Requisition Number: 178718 The Woodlands,
More informationNutritional Considerations with Obesity and Bariatric Surgery. Presented by Dr. Ron Grabowski
Nutritional Considerations with Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Presented by Dr. Ron Grabowski January 25, 2010 Nutritional Considerations with Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Presented by Dr. Ron Grabowski
More informationBENEFITS OF STOP HUNGER NOW MEALS TO CHILDREN
BENEFITS OF STOP HUNGER NOW MEALS TO CHILDREN CONTENT PER ONE (1) CUP SERVING RECOMMENDED ENERGY & NUTRIENT INTAKES FOR FILIPINO CHILDREN Percent Contribution BENEFITS TO CHILDREN CALORIES 250 kcal Male:
More informationThyroid and Antithyroid Drugs. Munir Gharaibeh, MD, PhD, MHPE Faculty of Medicine April 2014
Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs Munir Gharaibeh, MD, PhD, MHPE Faculty of Medicine April 2014 Anatomy and histology of the thyroid gland Located in neck adjacent to the 5 th cervical vertebra (C5). Composed
More informationLABORATORY REPORT. Summary of Deficient Test Results
LABORATORY REPORT Account Number: 278197 Name: Eyvonne Moore Gender: Female DOB: 12/24/1946 Evelyn Azoulay Leone, DO 111 Montana Ave. Accession Number: Q176 Suite D Requisition Number: Santa Monica, CA
More informationVitamins are noncaloric essential nutrients necessary for many metabolic tasks and the prevention of associated deficiency diseases.
Chapter 7 Vitamins Chapter 7 Lesson 7.1 Key Concept Vitamins are noncaloric essential nutrients necessary for many metabolic tasks and the prevention of associated deficiency diseases. Dietary Reference
More informationTechnical Overview of Micronutrient Testing
Technical Overview of Micronutrient Testing J.F. Crawford, Ph. D. SpectraCell Laboratories, Inc. Houston, TX Recent Publications Antioxidant supplementation increases morbidity and mortality. JAMA, 2007
More informationDRUGS. 4- Two molecules of DIT combine within the thyroglobulinto form L-thyroxine (T4)' One molecule of MIT & one molecule of DIT combine to form T3
THYROID HORMONEs & ANTITHYROID The thyroid secretes 2 types of hormones: DRUGS 1- Iodine containing amino acids (are important for growth, development and metabolism) and these are: triodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine,(
More informationMinerals and water. Minerals 10/23/2017
Minerals and water MAIN QUESTIONS TO ANSWER: What are some major functions of water in the body? For each mineral, what are the best dietary sources? what are the physiological functions? what are the
More information9.2 Hormonal Regulation of Growth
9.2 Hormonal Regulation of Growth Hormonal Regulation of Growth Pituitary gland regulates growth and development Thyroid gland regulates metabolic rate (exception: some hormones for growth and development)
More informationFDM Training Program; Mod 7 * The Biochemical Effects of Iodine Wayne L. Sodano, D.C., D.A.B.C.I. & Ron Grisanti, D.C., D.A.B.C.O., M.S.
Functional Diagnostic Medicine Training Program Module 7 * FMDT 561D The Biochemical Effects of Iodine (Review of Nutrient Element Status Testing) By Wayne L. Sodano, D.C., D.A.B.C.I. & Ron Grisanti, D.C.,
More informationThe Players. Liver Thyroid Adrenals Pancreas Reproductive System Pituitary Gut Bacteria
The Players Part I Quick Review Understanding some of the key systems and their relationship to hormones is the best place to start It will help with some of the hormone interconnections Key to understanding
More informationUnit C: Poultry Management. Lesson 1: Nutrients for Maintenance, Growth and Reproduction
Unit C: Poultry Management Lesson 1: Nutrients for Maintenance, Growth and Reproduction 1 1 Carbohydrates Fats Minerals Nutrients Proteins Vitamins Water Terms 2 2 I. Nutrients are the chemical substances
More informationTOMOFUSA USUI M.D.* information has been available on zinc status in. thyroid disease. The present study was undertaken
Postgraduate Medical Journal (December 198) 56, 833-837 YOSHIKAZU NISHI M.D.* Zinc metabolism in thyroid disease TOMOFUSA USUI M.D.* RYOSO KAWATE M.D.t *Department of Pediatrics, and tdepartment of Internal
More informationLABORATORY REPORT SAMPLE. Summary of Deficient Test Results. Vitamin B12 Pantothenate Biotin Spectrox Immunidex
LABORATORY REPORT Account Number: Name: Jon Doe Gender: Male DOB: 12/28/1984 Requisition Number: Summary of Deficient Test Results Testing determined the following functional deficiencies: Oleic Acid Borderline
More informationMARINE PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS
MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS Element Description Importance for / Helps to / Promotes: Lacking of increase risk of: Alanine Amino acid Forms proteins Hipertension Muscle formation Diabates
More informationTHYROID HORMONES: An Overview
1 SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL SEMINAR MBBS III; BMLS & BDS Year 3 What are the Thyroid Hormones? THYROID
More informationRecently Researched Effects of Individual Nutrients
Recently Researched Effects of Individual Nutrients Alpha Lineoleic Acid (Omega 3) 1 ensures the optimal cerebral and cognitive development of the infant the presence of large quantities of EPA and DHA
More informationRegulation of Enzyme Activity
Regulation of Enzyme Activity Enzyme activity must be regulated so that the proper levels of products are produced at all times and places This control occurs in several ways: - biosynthesis at the genetic
More informationThyroid Hormones Exophthalmos GOITRE / GOITER Hyperthyroidism GOITRE / GOITER Endemic Goiter, a Hypertrophy of the Thyroid Gland Resulting from Iodine Deficiency ENDEMIC GOITRES: were common in Central
More informationA deficiency of biotin, commonly seen in alcoholics, can cause neurological symptoms
Water-soluble vitamins Vitamin deficiencies Metabolism General Diseases etc. A deficiency of biotin, commonly seen in alcoholics, can cause neurological symptoms Levels of folate are particularly low in
More informationSupport for Fertility and Infertility Treatment
Support for Fertility and Infertility Treatment Obesity causes an alteration to the hormones associated with women fertility Many different studies have concluded that obesity is related to impaired fertility.
More information3.1.1 Water Soluble Vitamins
3.1.1 Water Soluble Vitamins Overview of Vitamins essential for good health organic molecules individual units regulate body processes micronutrients solubility fat or water Water Soluble Vitamins B-complex;
More informationLABORATORY REPORT. Summary of Deficient Test Results. Oleic Acid Zinc Glutathione Copper
LABORATORY REPORT Account Number: 2787 Name: Angela L Taylor Gender: Female DOB: 3/7/1971 Angela Taylor 581 Roland Ave. Accession Number: Q2348 Baltimore, MD 2121 Requisition Number: 1334 United States
More informationHypothalamus & pituitary gland. Growth. Hormones Affecting Growth. Growth hormone (GH) GH actions. Suwattanee Kooptiwut, MD., MSc., Ph.D.
Hypothalamus & pituitary gland Suwattanee Kooptiwut, MD., MSc., Ph.D. 1 2 Growth Hormones Affecting Growth Orderly sequences of maturation changes with increased weight and height Factors Genetic Nutrition
More informationNutrition JMRSO 2017 FOOD SCIENCE
Nutrition JMRSO 2017 FOOD SCIENCE What is nutrition? Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction,
More informationNUTRITION CONCEPTS MACRONUTRIENTS FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
NUTRITION CONCEPTS MACRONUTRIENTS Carbohydrates Found in breads, cereals, fruits, vegetables, sugar and potatoes. good source of energy fiber in fruits and vegetables aid in eliminating wastes from the
More informationFat soluble vitamins- special care needed - most likely avoid
A balanced diet is the best way to get the recommended amount of vitamins and minerals. However when you have kidney disease sometimes it is difficult to get enough. This might be because: - you have dietary
More informationThyroid and Antithyroid Drugs. Dr. Alia Shatanawi Feb,
Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs Dr. Alia Shatanawi Feb, 24 2014 Anatomy and histology of the thyroid gland Located in neck adjacent to the 5 th cervical vertebra (C5). Composed of epithelial cells which
More informationThyroid hormones derived from two iodinated tyrosine molecules
Thyroid Hormones OBJECTIVES Chemical nature of the thyroid hormones How different enzymes play a role in thyroid hormone formation? And what drugs affect them? Describe Function & Metabolism of thyroid
More informationEndocrine secretion cells secrete substances into the extracellular fluid
Animal Hormones Concept 30.1 Hormones Are Chemical Messengers Endocrine secretion cells secrete substances into the extracellular fluid Exocrine secretion cells secrete substances into a duct or a body
More informationGonadosan Distribution GmbH Römerstr Bregenz Österreich Telefon: Fax:
A-Bregenz, 27.04.2016 To Romanian authorities / to whom it may concern, Römerstrasse 2,, Austria, hereby informs. Fertilovit MT Dietary supplement with zinc and selenium. Zinc contributes to normal fertility
More informationChapter. The Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals. Images shutterstock.com
Chapter 13 The Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals Images shutterstock.com Objectives Differentiate between fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. List functions and sources of major minerals
More informationSix Essential Types of Nutrients: The human body needs a balanced mix of all seven essential nutrients to sustain its normal functions.
Six Essential Types of Nutrients: The human body needs a balanced mix of all seven essential nutrients to sustain its normal functions. "Let thy food be thy medicine, and let thy medicine be thy food."
More informationBasics in clinical nutrition: Trace elements and vitamins in parenteral and enteral nutrition
e-spen, the European e-journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (2008) 3, e293ee297 e-spen, the European e-journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism http://intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals/espen
More informationLABORATORY REPORT. Gender: Male DOB: 11/13/1974 Jean Monro, M.D. Hertforshire House Accession Number: L37512
LABORATORY REPORT Account Number: 193113 Name: Gender: Male DOB: 11/13/1974 Jean Monro, M.D. Hertforshire House Accession Number: L312 Wood Lane Estate Requisition Number: Hemel Hempstead, Herts ENGLAND
More informationNotes on Nutrition by Chamali Samarasekara. Notes on Nutrition
Notes on Nutrition Patient groups particularly affected by their nutrition Pregnant and lactating women Babies (constipation) Children (malnutrition) The elderly (immobility/ visual impairment) Inpatients
More informationAppropriate tests for Na status as an electrolyte are measurements of Na in whole blood and urine, and measurements of adrenocortical function.
HAIR ELEMENTS REPORT INTRODUCTION Hair is an excretory tissue for essential, nonessential and potentially toxic elements. In general, the amount of an element that is irreversibly incorporated into growing
More informationCALCIUM AND THYROID METABOLISM. Westmead Primary Exam Group
CALCIUM AND THYROID METABOLISM Westmead Primary Exam Group THYROID HORMONES Chemistry - principle hormones are: T3 (Triiodothyronine) Can be formed in peripheral tissues by de-iodination of T4 T3 is more
More informationHompes Method Lesson 29 Organic Acids Part One
Hompes Method Lesson 29 Organic Acids Part One Health for the People Ltd not for reuse without expressed permission Organic Acids - Introduction The ultimate tool for laboratory evaluations in nutritional
More information6 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS PART II VITAMINS MINERALS WATER
6 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS PART II VITAMINS MINERALS WATER VITAMINS What Are They? Tasteless organic compounds that you need in small amounts for growth, reproduction, and overall good health. The DO NOT provide
More informationMale fertility disorders
Male fertility disorders Etiology diagnosis therapeutic approaches Dr. Cornelia Roggenbuck September 29, 2009 Orthomol pharmazeutische Vertriebs GmbH Content Fertility Facts and figures Factors of influence
More informationThyroid Gland 甲状腺. Huiping Wang ( 王会平 ), PhD Department of Physiology Rm C541, Block C, Research Building, School of Medicine Tel:
Thyroid Gland 甲状腺 Huiping Wang ( 王会平 ), PhD Department of Physiology Rm C541, Block C, Research Building, School of Medicine Tel: 88208292 Outline Thyroid Hormones Types Biosynthesis Storage and Release
More informationRecommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching
Unit C: Poultry Management Lesson 1: Nutrients for Maintenance, Growth and Reproduction Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives:
More informationIRON MANGANESE 6/6/2018. Minerals & Performance : Total Performance, Total Performance Plus
Minerals & Performance : Total Performance, Total Performance Plus June Educational Webinar 2018 Dr Tania Cubitt Performance Horse Nutrition IRON Heme oxygen carrying capacity Iron deficiency rare Iron
More informationHow To Meet Your Nutritional Needs
How To Meet Your Nutritional Needs The RDA requirements for Vitamins and Minerals are set for healthy people. These suggested values are insufficient for any illness or chronic disease, in this case Diabetes.
More informationF. To provide energy, to spare body protein, to prevent ketosis. G. Food sources include breads, vegetables, fruit, and milk.
Nutrition: Nutrients for the Body Nutrients are chemical substances supplied by food that the body needs for growth, maintenance, and repair. The six nutrients are: 1. Carbohydrates. 2. Proteins. 3. Fats.
More informationPancreas. Endocrine pancreas - Islets of Langerhans A or alpha cells glucagon B or beta cells insulin Delta cells somatostatin
Endocrine System Pancreas Endocrine pancreas - Islets of Langerhans A or alpha cells glucagon B or beta cells insulin Delta cells somatostatin Glucagon & Metabolism Produced by beta cells of Islets Primary
More informationMultivitamins are a mixture of vitamins and minerals which are essential for the body to work and stay healthy.
MULTIVITAMINS Multivitamins are a mixture of vitamins and minerals which are essential for the body to work and stay healthy. Vitamins are vital substances that are required for normal growth and functioning
More informationIngredient List: Drs. Foster & Smith Chicken & Brown Rice Formula Hairball Control Dry Cat Food Drs. Foster & Smith Educational Staff
Ingredient List: Drs. Foster & Smith Chicken & Brown Rice Formula Hairball Control Dry Cat Food Drs. Foster & Smith Educational Staff Drs. Foster & Smith Chicken & Brown Rice Formula Hairball Control dry
More informationPROJECT WOMEN S ANAEMIA. by My HealthWorks. Associate Member. 125A, 2nd Floor, Shahpur Jat, New Delhi ,
PROJECT WOMEN S ANAEMIA by My HealthWorks Associate Member 125A, 2nd Floor, Shahpur Jat, New Delhi-110049, Whatsapp: 8076964582, Phone No: 011-26496673-(74) info@myhealthworks.in INTRODUCTION Anaemia is
More informationHompes Method Lesson 29 Organic Acids Part Three
Hompes Method Lesson 29 Organic Acids Part Three Health for the People Ltd not for reuse without expressed permission Organic Acids - Review Fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids are converted into carboxylic
More informationMINERAL IMBALANCE, ENDOCRINES AND HAIR TISSUE MINERAL ANALYSIS
VOLUME 6 JUNE/JULY 1993 NUMBER 2 MINERAL IMBALANCE, ENDOCRINES AND HAIR TISSUE MINERAL ANALYSIS ----- David L. Watts, Ph.D., Director of Research ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More information03-Dec-17. Thyroid Disorders GOITRE. Grossly enlarged thyroid - in hypothyroidism in hyperthyroidism - production of anatomical symptoms
Thyroid Disorders GOITRE Grossly enlarged thyroid - in hypothyroidism in hyperthyroidism - production of anatomical symptoms 1 Physiological Goiter load on thyroid supply of I - limited stress due to:
More informationRefer to the figure below, a diagram of a renal tubule, to answer the following questions.
1. The digestion and utilization of which nutrient creates the greatest need for osmoregulation by the kidneys? a. protein b. starch c. fat d. oil e. cellulose 2. Which of the following is true of urea?
More informationVitamin dan Mineral. Vitamin. General Concepts
Vitamin dan Mineral Pengetahuan Bahan Agroindustri Vitamin Organic compound required in small amounts Divided into two major groups: fat soluble and water soluble fat soluble : Vitamin A, D, E, K water
More informationFull Report (All Nutrients) 01174, Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, without added vitamin A and vitamin D
National base for Standard Reference Release 28 slightly revised May, 206 Full Report (All s) 074, Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, without added vitamin A and vitamin D Report Date: February 23,
More informationSanjay B. Dixit, M.D. BHS Endocrinology Associates November 11, 2017
Sanjay B. Dixit, M.D. BHS Endocrinology Associates November 11, 2017 I will not be discussing this Outline of discussion Laboratory tests for thyroid function Diagnosis of hypothyroidism Treatment of
More informationTHYROID HORMONES & THYROID FUNCTION TESTS
THYROID HORMONES & THYROID FUNCTION TESTS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINE OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LECTURE BMLS III
More information6 Nutrients Essential for Life
6 Nutrients Essential for Life Mind Moo-Ver SWBAT identify the 6 essential nutrients for life QOD: What does ph measure Give an example of an acidic substance, a basic substance and a neutral substance
More informationDietary Reference Intakes: Vitamins
Biotin Coenzyme in synthesis of fat, glycogen, and amino acids Liver and smaller b amounts in fruits and 6* meats 8* 12* 20* 2 of biotin in humans or animals were found. This does not mean biotin are limited,
More informationThe Basics of Human Nutrition
The Basics of Human Nutrition Taken as a whole, all of the elements and materials that we eat or drink, and which our bodies require for good health, are referred to as our Nutritional Requirements. These
More informationHormones. BIT 230 Walsh Chapter 8
Hormones BIT 230 Walsh Chapter 8 Hormones Regulatory molecules Affect all areas of metabolism Endocrine- hormones travel via the bloodstream to its target cell: true hormone Modern definition- any regulatory
More informationThyroid and parathyroid glands
Thyroid and parathyroid glands Dr. Isabel Hwang Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong May 2007 The thyroid gland straddles the esophagus, just below the larynx, in the neck.
More information6 Essential Minerals for Women's Health. By Dr. Isaac Eliaz
6 Essential Minerals for Women's Health By Dr. Isaac Eliaz Minerals are essential micronutrients that are required in small amounts for the body to function properly. Untreated mineral deficiencies can
More informationK-9 Kraving Brand Training
K-9 Kraving Brand Training What s In The Mix? Session Preview Complete & Balanced Diets Breakdown Vitamin, Mineral & Trace Mineral Mix What s In It and Why? Dietary Supplements Raw Diet Dog Foods are:
More informationSTANDARD FORMULATED SUPPLEMENTARY SPORTS FOODS
STANDARD 2.9.4 FORMULATED SUPPLEMENTARY SPORTS FOODS Purpose This Standard defines and regulates the composition and labelling of foods specially formulated to assist sports people in achieving specific
More informationFor Details: Click Here. Course Index: AUTHORS: Dan Gastelu MS, MFS and Dr. Frederick C. Hatfield, PhD. LENGTH OF COURSE: 19 Units INTRODUCTION
AUTHORS: Dan Gastelu MS, MFS and Dr. Frederick C. Hatfield, PhD LENGTH OF COURSE: 19 Units For Details: Click Here Course Index: INTRODUCTION - Preface CHAPTER ONE: Nutrition: The Vital Link To Super Performance
More informationNUTRITION. Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 11 Illustrations 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
NUTRITION Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 11 Illustrations 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Proper Diet Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids (fats) Water Vitamins Fiber Inorganic salts Nutrition 2 Carbohydrates
More informationNutritional value of animal source foods. Crafting USAID s Livestock Research Agenda Lora L. Iannotti, PhD Assistant Professor July 24, 2014
Nutritional value of animal source foods Crafting USAID s Livestock Research Agenda Lora L. Iannotti, PhD Assistant Professor July 24, 2014 Presentation outline 1) Undernutrition in vulnerable groups 1)
More informationHypothalamo-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis
SMGr up Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Orluwene Chituru Godwill 1 * and Ohiri John U 1 1 Chemical Pathology Department, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria *Corresponding author:
More informationChapter 20. Endocrine System Chemical signals coordinate body functions Chemical signals coordinate body functions. !
26.1 Chemical signals coordinate body functions Chapter 20 Endocrine System! Hormones Chemical signals Secreted by endocrine glands Usually carried in the blood Cause specific changes in target cells Secretory
More informationVitamins. Vitamins (continued) Lipid-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K) Vitamins Serve Important Roles in Function of Body
Vitamins Drugs for Nutritional Disorders Organic substances are needed in small amounts Promote growth Maintain health Vitamins Human cells cannot produce vitamins Exception: vitamin D Vitamins or provitamins
More informationBIOL 158: BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY II
BIOL 158: BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY II Lecture 5: Vitamins and Coenzymes Lecturer: Christopher Larbie, PhD Introduction Cofactors bind to the active site and assist in the reaction mechanism Apoenzyme is an
More informationIntracellular Micronutrient Analysis
Intracellular Micronutrient Analysis Policy Number: 2.04.73 Last Review: 1/2019 Origination: 1/2013 Next Review: 1/2020 Policy Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas City (Blue KC) will not provide coverage
More informationInteraction of Nutrition and Health in Cows. Dr. Matt Hersom Extension Beef Cattle Specialist Dept. of Animal Sciences
Interaction of Nutrition and Health in Cows Dr. Matt Hersom Extension Beef Cattle Specialist Dept. of Animal Sciences Overview Why is nutrition important for immunity What nutrients are utilized for immunity
More informationHYPERTHYROIDISM. Hypothalamus. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Anterior pituitary gland. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyroid gland T4, T3
HYPERTHYROIDISM Hypothalamus Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Anterior pituitary gland Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyroid gland T4, T3 In hyperthyroidism, there is an increased production of
More informationCUDDALORE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY SECTION-A ANSWER IN ONE SENTENCE
ST. JOSEPH S COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE (AUTONOMOUS CUDDALORE 607001 DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY Subject: Nutritional Biochemistry Class: I B.Sc Subject Code: BC204S Staff Incharge: Dr. R.Ramakrishnan &
More informationPrinciples of nutrition Lesson B
Principles of nutrition Lesson B Sam - ID 38359016 Unit: Applying the principles of nutrition to a physical activity programme Learning outcomes & assessment criteria Learning outcome: The learner will:
More informationINTRODUCTION TO VITAMINS
BY: RASAQ, N. O LECTURE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO VITAMINS COMPOSITION OF VITAMINS CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS: STRUCTURE AND FUCTIONS WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS AND FUNCTIONS COENZYMES
More informationNUTRITIONAL CARE IN ANEMIA
االله الرحمن الرحيم بسم NUTRITIONAL CARE IN ANEMIA Nutrition Departement Faculty of Medicine University of North Sumatera Definition Deficit of circulating RBC associated with diminished oxygen-carrying
More informationPUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION HEI-ICI COURSE. Arja Erkkilä Assistant professor (public health nutrition) UEF
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION HEI-ICI COURSE Arja Erkkilä Assistant professor (public health nutrition) UEF INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE In this first part you will learn, 1. What is public health nutrition? 2.
More informationVITAMINS-FAT SOLUBLE [LIPPINCOTT S ] Deeba S. Jairajpuri
VITAMINS-FAT SOLUBLE [LIPPINCOTT S 381-394] Deeba S. Jairajpuri VITAMIN A othe term retinoids includes both natural and synthetic forms of vitamin A essential for vision, reproduction, growth and maintenance
More informationHormonal Control of Male Sexual Function
Hormonal Control of Male Sexual Function A majority of the control of sexual functions in the male (and the female) begins with secretions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus.
More information1. Vitamins are classified A. organic and inorganic B. elements and compounds C. essential and nonessential D. fat-soluble and water soluble
1. Vitamins are classified A. organic and inorganic B. elements and compounds C. essential and nonessential D. fat-soluble and water soluble 2. Our bodies cannot produce A. vitamins B. proteins C. minerals
More informationThyroid gland. Thyroid hormones
Thyroid gland Thyroid hormones 2/8 thyroid gland consists of two lobes weighing 20 g thyroid cells surround follicles filled with a colloid (thyroglobulin glycoprotein): storage thyroid gland produces
More informationA RANGE OF ESSENTIAL EVERYDAY SUPPLEMENTS
A RANGE OF ESSENTIAL EVERYDAY SUPPLEMENTS WWW.QNUTRAPHARMA.COM Inspired by Nature Guided by Science Quest develop, manufacture and sell naturally-inspired and naturally-based nutraceutical and food supplement
More informationSample Type - Serum Result Reference Range Units. Central Thyroid Regulation Surrey & Activity KT3 4Q. Peripheral Thyroid D Function mark
Thyroid Plus Sample Type - Serum Result Reference Range Units Central Thyroid Regulation Surrey & Activity KT3 4Q Total Thyroxine (T4)
More informationLifePak Health Benefits. LifePak is optimum supplementation for:
LifePak What is LifePak? Our comprehensive nutritional wellness program delivering the optimum amounts of all essential and generally beneficial nutrients for long-term health and well-being. LifePak Health
More informationLeaving Certificate Notes
Leaving Certificate Notes VITAMINS Sources of vitamins Functions of vitamins Effects of vitamin deficiencies Recommended dietary allowances (RDA s) Properties of all the FAT-SOLUBLE & WATER-SOLUBLE vitamins
More informationFor more information about how to cite these materials visit
Author: John Williams, M.D., Ph.D., 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
More informationChapter 45-Hormones and the Endocrine System. Simple Hormone Pathways
Chapter 45-Hormones and the Endocrine System Simple Hormone s Low ph in duodenum Hormones are released from an endocrine, travel through the bloodstream, and interact with the receptor or a target to cause
More informationParenteral Micronutrient Recommendations and Laboratory Monitoring for Infants on Long Term Parenteral Nutrition (PN)
Parenteral Micronutrient Recommendations and Laboratory Monitoring for nfants on Long Term Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Dosage Micronutrient Preterm Term Trace Elements (mcg/kg/day) (mcg/kg/day) 1 Chromium
More informationIntro to Vitamins, Minerals & Water
Intro to Vitamins, Minerals & Water 1. What is the main function of vitamins and minerals? To regulate body functions 2. What foods are a lot of the vitamins and minerals we need found in? Fruits and Vegetables
More information0291 Organix Basic Profile - Urine
Accession #: Order #: Reference #: Patient: G1234567 Date Collected: Date Received: Date of Report: 04/03/2012 Date of Birth: 02/05/1962 Telephone: 7704464583 Ordering Physician: Age: Sex: 50 Female Fax:
More information