Practice Midterm» Form A (Master Copy)» Teacher Version

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1 Directions: Please choose the best answer choice for each of the following questions. 1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek concluded that all plants are composed of cells. True False Correct ItemID DD-HOLT What organelle is responsible for returning a cell to equilibrium after a change in the environment? cell membrane nucleus endoplasmic reticulum chromosomes Correct ItemID A2K Cell membranes are only found on a small number of cells. contain genes. are made of DN are thin coverings that surround cells. Correct ItemID DD-HOLT , SCI.9-12.BI.8.a 4. Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by osmosis. endocytosis. exocytosis. diffusion. Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Cell membranes are described as selectively permeable. Four students were asked to explain what this means and provided the answers given below. Student 1: Cell membranes prevent all materials from entering the cell. Student 2: Cell membranes only provide structural support for the cell. Student 3: Cell membranes regulate which substances can enter and exit the cell. Student 4: Cell membranes allow water and watersoluble substances to enter the cell. Which student correctly identified the function of the selectively permeable membrane? Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Student 4 Correct ItemID ETS DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 1 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

2 6. Ridding the cell of materials by discharging the materials in vesicles is called osmosis. diffusion. exocytosis. endocytosis. Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Which type of molecule forms a lipid bilayer within a cell membrane? protein phospholipid nucleic acid carbohydrate Correct ItemID DD-HOLT All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, which helps in maintaining homeostasis. Which of these is a function of the cell membrane? controls cell reproduction performs protein synthesis performs cellular respiration controls passage of molecules DNA is involved in cellular reproduction. Ribosomes are special organelles that are directly involved in protein synthesis. The mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration. Correct answer ItemID A2K , 5C/H1a 9. Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term BEST describes this capability of a cell membrane? semipermeable impervious resilient unyielding Correct ItemID ETS An enzyme is a special kind of catalyst that works to speed up a specific biochemical reaction. break down chemical elements. slow down a chemical reaction. maintain the correct temperature for a reaction. Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.b, SCI.9-12.CH.8.c 11. An enzyme is produced by the body to increase the rate of a reaction involved in homeostasis. How does the enzyme increase the reaction rate? by increasing the concentration of reactants by increasing the temperature of the reaction by reducing the activation energy of the reaction by binding with the products to prevent the reverse reaction DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 2 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

3 Correct The student may confuse an enzyme with the activated complex in a reaction. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.b, SCI.9-12.CH.8.c ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.b, SCI.9-12.CH.8.d 12. A student places a liquid into a test tube containing an enzyme and notices a chemical reaction. The reaction ends after two minutes. The student places more liquid into the test tube and observes a reaction again. The best explanation for this is that the enzyme was not responsible for the reaction. the enzyme was not changed in the reaction. the student mistakenly added more liquid. a small amount of the enzyme was not used up in the first reaction. Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.b 14. Anna is preparing a presentation comparing the structures and evolutionary history of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Which statement would be BEST for Anna to include in her presentation? Eukaryotes are more simple and are thought to have evolved from prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are more simple and are thought to have evolved from eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are more complex and are thought to have evolved from prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are more complex and are thought to have evolved from eukaryotes. Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes, but it is because eukaryotes are more complex, not more simple, than prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are more simple in structure than eukaryotes. However, eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes, not the other way around. Correct answer. This is the opposite of the correct relationship. Prokaryotes are simpler than eukaryotes. This means that prokaryotes existed first, and that eukaryotic cells arose from prokaryotes. 13. Enzymes are large proteins that increase the reaction rate of important reactions in living organisms. Enzymes provide a site for the reaction to take place but are left unchanged by the reaction. Which term describes the role of an enzyme? catalyst reactant oxidizing agent activated complex The student understands that a substance that changes the rate of a reaction without being affected itself is a catalyst. The student may know that an enzyme is not a product and may think that it is a reactant in a reaction. The student may be attracted to this choice because of familiarity with oxidation reactions. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.c, 5A/M3b 15. Where in a cell is most of the DNA located? cytoplasm nucleus ribosome vacuole Correct DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 3 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

4 ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.c 16. The cells of animals are prokaryotic. True False Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.c 17. Organelles enable eukaryotic cells to carry out specialized functions. True False Correct Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.c 19. One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes. mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes. Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes. prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.c ItemID DD-HOLT Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.c 18. The drawing above is classified as a(n) bacterium. plant cell. animal cell. virus. 20. Which statement BEST describes the difference in the function of DNA and RNA? DNA synthesizes proteins, while RNA serves as a genetic messenger within the cell. DNA stores the genetic information needed for the functioning of the cell, while RNA helps in protein synthesis. DNA transfers information to proteins, while RNA stores the genetic information needed for the functioning of the cell. DNA serves as a messenger that informs the cells of the type of protein to make, while RNA transfers amino acids to the ribosomes. Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.d, SCI.9-12.BI.5.a, 5B/H3 DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 4 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

5 21. Which of these BEST describes how DNA compares with RNA? DNA is mainly found in the cytoplasm of the cell, while RNA is mainly found in the nucleus of the cell. The DNA bases thymine and uracil bond to each other, while the RNA bases thymine and adenine bond to each other. The repeating units of DNA are ribonucleotide monophosphates, while the units of RNA are 2 - deoxyribonucleotide monophosphates. DNA contains the genetic codes to make RNA, while RNA contains the codes for the primary sequence of amino acids to make protein. Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.d, SCI.9-12.BI.5.a, 5B/H3 22. Which statement BEST describes a step of DNA replication in a human cell? The two new DNA strands form a double helix of a new chromosome. First a copy of one DNA strand is made, and then the correct bases are matched to it to form the new double helix. One DNA strand is copied and then carried to a ribosome where the correct bases are matched to form the new double helix. Both DNA strands are copied simultaneously, one continuously in the direction that the DNA unzips and the other piece by piece in the opposite direction. Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.d, SCI.9-12.BI.5.b, 5C/H4c 23. In order for a cell to use genetic information, what has to happen FIRST? An exact copy of DNA is made. A portion of DNA is transcribed to RN Parts of the DNA that are not useful are cut out. The genetic code is read and matched with amino acids. Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.d, SCI.9-12.BI.5.b, 5C/H4a 24. The synthesis of proteins from mrna occurs during the process of transcription. translation. replication. fertilization Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.d 25. Which cell organelle collects and packages cell products to be sent out of the cell? Centriole Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum Correct DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 5 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

6 ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.e, 5C/H2a 26. Endorphins are secretory proteins that help us deal with pain. If the body is not making enough endorphins, which cell structures are MOST LIKELY not functioning as well as they should? mitochondria and nucleus Golgi apparatus and mitochondria nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus Poorly functioning mitochondria would lead to less energy, not less pain control. The nucleus is most likely functioning correctly if other cell functions are acceptable. The Golgi apparatus may be the problem, but mitochondria make ATP, not proteins. Protein synthesis does begin with the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleus is most likely functioning correctly if other cell functions are acceptable. Correct answer. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.e 27. Flattened, membrane-bound sacs from the Golgi apparatus that package and distribute proteins are called lysosomes. vesicles. phospholipids. vacuoles. Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.e 28. Which breaks down toxins and drugs in liver cells? vacuoles Golgi bodies smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.e 29. Some proteins, such as insulin, leave the cell after they are made. In what order does this happen? from ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum; to vesicle; to Golgi apparatus; to vesicle; to cell membrane from vesicle; to ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum; to Golgi apparatus; to vesicle; to cell membrane from ribosome; to vesicle on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum; to vesicle; to Golgi apparatus; to cell membrane from vesicle on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum; to ribosome; to vesicle; to Golgi apparatus; to cell membrane Correct answer. Proteins are put together in ribosomes, not vesicles. Proteins leaving the ribosomes are transported in vesicles. But the vesicles pinch off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and go to the Golgi apparatus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not the site of the ribosomes, where proteins are made. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.e 30. Which organelle packages proteins into vesicles? ribosome mitochondrion Golgi apparatus nuclear membrane DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 6 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

7 The student may confuse the role of ribosomes in manufacturing proteins with the role of the Golgi apparatus in packaging proteins. The student may know that mitochondria are responsible for energy production and may think that this would involve the transport of proteins. The student understands that the Golgi apparatus packages proteins into vesicles. The student may have the misconception that any membrane within a cell is used to package proteins into vesicles. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.e, 5C/H2a 31. Which of these structures synthesizes proteins to be exported from the cell? vesicles Golgi apparatus rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum The student may be confusing transport and synthesis. The vesicles are involved in the transport of proteins but are not involved in their synthesis. The student may be confusing transport and synthesis. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for transport to other organelles or the plasma membrane. The student recognizes that the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins. The student may be familiar with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but may not understand that it is the rough ER with the ribosomes that synthesizes proteins and that the smooth ER synthesizes lipids. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.e, 5C/H2a 32. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water combine in the presence of light energy to produce glucose and oxygen. What is BEST represented by the equation shown? a physical property of a plant a chemical reaction happening in a cell how physical changes occur to living organisms how energy is created by plants Correct ItemID ETS Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.f, L8.W Which statement BEST describes the transfer of energy between the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? ATP is produced during cellular respiration, which is then used during photosynthesis to produce glucose. Glucose is used during photosynthesis to produce ATP, which is then used during cellular respiration to create proteins. Carbon dioxide and glucose are produced during cellular respiration and are used during photosynthesis to harness energy from the Sun. Oxygen and glucose are produced during photosynthesis and are used during cellular respiration to perform vital cellular functions. The products of cellular respiration are water and oxygen. ATP is produced during photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide and water (not glucose) are used during photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose into oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water. Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. Correct answer. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.f, SCI.9-12.BI.1.g, 5E/M1b DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 7 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

8 34. Photosynthesis is a process involving carbon dioxide, water, glucose, oxygen, and sunlight. Which is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis? Correct ItemID ETS Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.f, L8.W Which element combines to form starch in plants during the process of photosynthesis? carbon iron magnesium sulfur Correct answer. Iron is not involved in photosynthesis. Iron becomes part of plant compounds only when they are assembled later in cells. Magnesium is a key element found in the compounds which help capture the energy in sunlight. However, magnesium is not a part of the products of photosynthesis. Sulfur is a common element found in some plant compounds. However, it is not a part of the products of photosynthesis. It is a nutrient element that is added to complex compounds made from photosynthetic products. 36. During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called the Calvin cycle. carbon fixation. respiration. transpiration. Correct ItemID ETS Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.f, M7.AF Which molecule produced during photosynthesis is used during cellular respiration to produce ATP? glucose NADH pyruvate acetyl CoA Correct answer. NADH is recycled to its oxidized state during the electron transport chain and produces ATP. Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis. It is not produced during photosynthesis. Acetyl CoA is not produced during photosynthesis. It is oxidized in the Kreb's cycle to produce GTP. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.f, SCI.9-12.BI.1.g, 5E/M1b ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.f, SCI.9-12.ES.7.a 38. Muscle cells have a greater need for available ATP than many other types of cells. Which cell structure do muscle cells have more of to fulfill this need? chloroplasts mitochondria ribosomes vacuoles DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 8 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

9 Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.g, 5C/H2a 39. The total amount of ATP that a cell gains for each glucose molecule depends on the presence of water. carbon dioxide. oxygen. glucose. Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.g 40. Reactions that take place in the mitochondria make which product(s)? carbon dioxide glucose and oxygen oxygen glucose and carbon dioxide Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.g 41. If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellular respiration, fermentation will occur. the Krebs cycle begins. the electron transport chain works more efficiently. glycolysis stops. Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.g 42. What is the repeating monomer of a DNA molecule? triglyceride dipeptide nucleotide phospholipid Correct ItemID ETS Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.h 43. Monosccharids are the building blocks of lipids. proteins. unsaturated fats. polysaccharides. Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.h 44. Proteins consist of long chains of fatty acids. amino acids. nucleic acids. acetic acids. DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 9 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

10 Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.h 45. All organic compounds contain the element carbon. nitrogen. calcium. sodium. Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.h 46. Nucleic acids and proteins both contain sugars. are large polymers. are hydrophobic. are made of amino acids. Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.h 47. Macromolecules are made up of simple compounds called precursors (monomers). Which statement correctly identifies the precursors of macromolecules? Nucleic acids make amino acids, and proteins make nucleotides. Nucleotides make nucleic acids, and amino acids make proteins. Monosaccharides make polysaccharides, and lipids make proteins. Polysaccharides make lipids, and fatty acids make monosaccharides. The student may be attracted to this answer because of familiarity with the terminology, but the student may not understand which monomers comprise nucleic acids and proteins. The student understands the relationship between precursors and macromolecules in the case of nucleic acids and proteins. The student may know that monosaccharides make polysaccharides but may not understand that lipids do not make proteins. The student may be attracted to this answer because of familiarity with the terminology. These are two macromolecules and precursors, but the precursors do not make the macromolecules with which they are paired. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.h, 5C/H3 48. A fat or triglyceride is a carbohydrate made of three sugars. protein formed from three alcohols. lipid made of three fatty acids and glycerol. polypeptide that mades up the plasma membrane. Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.h 49. RNA nucleotides contain the five-carbon sugar ribose. True False DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 10 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

11 Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.5.a 50. DNA contains direct instructions for how to build which part of a cell? lipids nucleus proteins carbohydrates Correct ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.BI.1.d, SCI.9-12.BI.4.a, SCI.9-12.BI.5.a, 5C/H4a 51. The independent variable is the variable that is changed in an experiment. True False Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Standard(s) SCI.9-12.IE.1.c 52. A researcher is compiling data about climate change. She has found that her data contradict many of the studies that have already been published. What is the next step in this research process? Issue a press release to a news organization. Change the data to match previously published studies. Communicate and discuss results with other climate researchers. Disregard the results because they don't support previous data. The student may have the misconception that any press release to any news organization will allow for peer review. The student may not realize that news releases do not contain sufficient details for peer review of scientific methods and results. The student may have the misconception that results that contradict published studies must be inaccurate. The student may not understand that results obtained at a different time or using different methods may differ from the results of other studies. The student understands that peer review among fellow scientists would further validate a study's findings. The student may have the misconception that altering data is an acceptable practice in research. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.IE.1.c, SCI.9-12.IE.1.l, SCI.9-12.BI.6.b 53. The variable that is measured in an experiment is the variable. independent dependent control experimental Correct ItemID DD-HOLT Standard(s) SCI.9-12.IE.1.c 54. A scientist working for a seed company wants to determine the growth rate of one type of corn plant. He grows five corn plants under the same set of conditions. One of the conditions he measures and records for each corn plant is the acidity of the soil. Why does the scientist most likely record the soil acidity? to study the effect of acidity on growth rate to learn which type of corn plant did best in acidic soil to be sure that variation in acidity was not a source of error to learn which type of corn plant made the soil most acidic DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 11 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.

12 The student may have the misconception that acidity of the soil is a variable. The student may have the misconception that more than one type of seed was used. The student understands that only one variable at a time must be changed during an experiment. The student may have the misconception that more than one type of seed was used. ItemID A2K Standard(s) SCI.9-12.IE.1.c, 12B/H9 Stop! You Go have on finished to the next this page exam.» DataDirector Assessment ID: Page 12 of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. All rights reserved.